玉米芯酸酶法制备低聚木糖及其生理功能研究
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摘要
低聚木糖具有显著的选择性增殖双歧杆菌、防龋齿、降低胆固醇等功能,是一种产品附加值高、市场前景好的功能性低聚糖。它的研究已成为国内外食品工业研究的热点。本论文以农产品副产物——玉米芯为原料,用酸预水解与酶水解相结合的方法制备了低聚木糖。通过体外试验和动物实验,验证了低聚木糖降血糖、降血脂等生理功能。
首先,通过宇佐美曲霉的固态发酵制备了木聚糖酶。结果表明:在培养基的初始pH值为4.5,麸皮与玉米芯粉比例为3:5,液固比为1.2:1的条件下,28℃发酵72h,干曲酶活可以达到6686IU/g。
然后,以玉米芯和木聚糖酶为原料,研究了酸预水解的影响因素及酸处理后酶水解的最适条件。研究表明:玉米芯60℃浸泡12h,抽滤,烘干后,经0.2%硫酸溶液120℃预处理1h,溶出总糖在15%左右;调pH值至4.6,按40IU/g干玉米芯加木聚糖酶,50℃水解4h,溶出总糖达20%以上。酶解后的粗糖液经酵母脱糖、活性炭和离子交换树脂脱色脱盐后,低聚木糖含量(相对于固形物)可以达到89%以上。
最后,研究了金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对低聚木糖的利用实验,并建立了小鼠模型,采用SPSS统计软件分析,证明了低聚木糖的生理功能。结果表明,低聚木糖不易为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等致病菌利用;有显著控制正常小鼠体重的作用;能显著降低血糖水平,而对谷丙氨转移酶水平无影响;能显著降低甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平和提高高密度脂蛋白总胆固醇水平,因此,它具有显著降低血脂的功能。
Xylooligosacchrides, which can proliferate bifidobacter effectively, prevent dental caries, decrease cholesterol and have other physiological functions, have been concerned at home and abroad because of its high added value and good market prospect. The preparation process of xylooligosacchrides from corncob by acid-xylanase hydrolysis and physiological functions of xylooligosacchrides were studied in this paper.
Firstly, xylanase was prepared with solid fermentation from Aspergillus usamii. The effects of several factors on xylanase production were investigated in the paper, such as initial pH, the ratios of bran to corncob, and so on. The result was that, under the optimized conditions at 28℃for 72 hours, xylanase activity reached 6686 IU/g dry medium.
Secondly, the effects of the acidic primary hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis on the yield of total sugar were studied.The study showed that, after acidic primary Hydrolysis at 120℃for 1 hour and enzymatic hydrolysis at 50℃for 4 hours, the yield of total sugar was 20% and the purity of refined xylooligosacchrides could reach more than 89%.
Finally, physiological functions of xylooligosacchrides were studied by their in vitro cultivation and zoopery. The result suggested that xylooligosacchrides could unused effectively by S.aureus and E.coli , decrease blood sugar of diabetic mice, decrease total cholesterol, triglycerides in serum of chronic hyperlipermia model mice and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
首先,通过宇佐美曲霉的固态发酵制备了木聚糖酶。结果表明:在培养基的初始pH值为4.5,麸皮与玉米芯粉比例为3:5,液固比为1.2:1的条件下,28℃发酵72h,干曲酶活可以达到6686IU/g。
然后,以玉米芯和木聚糖酶为原料,研究了酸预水解的影响因素及酸处理后酶水解的最适条件。研究表明:玉米芯60℃浸泡12h,抽滤,烘干后,经0.2%硫酸溶液120℃预处理1h,溶出总糖在15%左右;调pH值至4.6,按40IU/g干玉米芯加木聚糖酶,50℃水解4h,溶出总糖达20%以上。酶解后的粗糖液经酵母脱糖、活性炭和离子交换树脂脱色脱盐后,低聚木糖含量(相对于固形物)可以达到89%以上。
最后,研究了金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对低聚木糖的利用实验,并建立了小鼠模型,采用SPSS统计软件分析,证明了低聚木糖的生理功能。结果表明,低聚木糖不易为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等致病菌利用;有显著控制正常小鼠体重的作用;能显著降低血糖水平,而对谷丙氨转移酶水平无影响;能显著降低甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平和提高高密度脂蛋白总胆固醇水平,因此,它具有显著降低血脂的功能。
Xylooligosacchrides, which can proliferate bifidobacter effectively, prevent dental caries, decrease cholesterol and have other physiological functions, have been concerned at home and abroad because of its high added value and good market prospect. The preparation process of xylooligosacchrides from corncob by acid-xylanase hydrolysis and physiological functions of xylooligosacchrides were studied in this paper.
Firstly, xylanase was prepared with solid fermentation from Aspergillus usamii. The effects of several factors on xylanase production were investigated in the paper, such as initial pH, the ratios of bran to corncob, and so on. The result was that, under the optimized conditions at 28℃for 72 hours, xylanase activity reached 6686 IU/g dry medium.
Secondly, the effects of the acidic primary hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis on the yield of total sugar were studied.The study showed that, after acidic primary Hydrolysis at 120℃for 1 hour and enzymatic hydrolysis at 50℃for 4 hours, the yield of total sugar was 20% and the purity of refined xylooligosacchrides could reach more than 89%.
Finally, physiological functions of xylooligosacchrides were studied by their in vitro cultivation and zoopery. The result suggested that xylooligosacchrides could unused effectively by S.aureus and E.coli , decrease blood sugar of diabetic mice, decrease total cholesterol, triglycerides in serum of chronic hyperlipermia model mice and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
引文
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