振动/温度光纤光栅传感器技术研究
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摘要
针对检测机械振动故障需要分析设备的机械振动频率、加速度等参数,本论文设计出一种振动/温度双参数光纤光栅传感器。该传感器具有抗电磁干扰、灵敏度高、动态范围大、体积小等优点,并能够有效地解决在工程结构中各种因素的互相影响及交叉敏感问题。
本论文采用等强度悬臂梁进行振动传感测试,设计出一种基于长周期光纤光栅的新型解调系统。该系统可以实现温度与振动信号的解调,并能有效消除光源波动及外界环境干扰。系统测量范围达到:动态信号频率20Hz～160Hz,加速度0～140g,温度0℃～100℃;温度分辨力为0.1℃,加速度分辨力为0.1g。论文主要内容包括:
(1)介绍光纤光栅传感器及多参数传感器的应用及发展现状。概述光纤光栅基本传感原理及其基本特性、振动传感器基本原理,研究光纤光栅温度、振动传感特性,并介绍光纤光栅传感系统组成。
(2)分析几种常用光纤光栅解调方案的解调原理及其优缺点,利用长周期光纤光栅的边缘滤波效应,设计出一种新型解调方案。详细介绍方案解调原理、光路设计,并理论计算出传感光强/FBG谐振波长灵敏度。
(3)设计等强度梁式振动传感器结构,分析振动悬臂梁静态特性、动态特性及悬臂梁的固有频率等。根据系统测量要求,对悬臂梁尺寸进行优化设计。利用ANSYS软件对振动悬臂梁固有频率进行仿真分析,验证理论计算的正确性。
(4)设计光电转换电路、滤波电路、差动电路、数据采集电路、动态显示电路等,并通过系统软件设计实现传感信号的检测与显示。
(5)实验研究光纤光栅传感系统的温度传感特性、应变传感特性、振动传感特性,并对实验结果进行分析。
Aiming at the purpose of analyzing equipment's vibration parameters such as frequency and acceleration during mechanical vibration fault diagnosis, in this paper one kind of vibration/temperature two-parameter fiber grating sensor with the merits EMI (Electromagnetic interference) resistance, high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, small size, etc, was designed and the problems of multi factors' interaction and cross-sensitivity in engineering structure were effectively solved.
Vibration sensing text of constant strength cantilever was employed in this paper, and a novel demodulating system was designed based on long period fiber grating to demodulate the temperature and vibration, which could effectively minimize the effect of fluctuation of optical source and decrease the interference of external environment. System measurement range could be as follows: dynamic signal range, 20Hz～160Hz, acceleration measurement range, 0～140g with the sensitivity 0.1g, temperature measurement range, 0℃～100℃with the sensitivity 0.1℃. Following were the main contents in this paper:
Firstly, the application and the present development of fiber grating sensor and multi parameter sensor were introduced, and then the basic sensing principle and characters of fiber grating, vibration sensor's fundamental principle was briefly discussed, besides, temperature /vibration sensing and the composition of fiber grating sensing system was studied.
Secondly, the principle, merits and faults of several general fiber grating demodulation scheme was analyzed, a novel demodulation scheme was presented based on edge filter effect of long period fiber grating. Then we discussed intensively its' working principle, beam path design, and did the theoretical calculation of resonant wavelength sensitivity of sensing optical intensity and FBG.
Thirdly, the structure of constant strength cantilever vibration sensor was designed, static and dynamic characteristic, natural frequency of cantilever analyzed. According to the requirement of system, the size of cantilever was optimized, and simulation about natural frequency of vibration cantilever via ANSY software was realized, which verified the results of theoretical calculation.
Forth, system circuits including photoelectric conversion, filtration, differential, data acquisition, dynamic display, etc, were designed, and the test and display of sensing signal was fulfilled by system software.
Finally, some experiments were finished to study the temperature sensing character, strain sensing character, vibration sensing character, and the result analysis of experiment was make.
本论文采用等强度悬臂梁进行振动传感测试,设计出一种基于长周期光纤光栅的新型解调系统。该系统可以实现温度与振动信号的解调,并能有效消除光源波动及外界环境干扰。系统测量范围达到:动态信号频率20Hz～160Hz,加速度0～140g,温度0℃～100℃;温度分辨力为0.1℃,加速度分辨力为0.1g。论文主要内容包括:
(1)介绍光纤光栅传感器及多参数传感器的应用及发展现状。概述光纤光栅基本传感原理及其基本特性、振动传感器基本原理,研究光纤光栅温度、振动传感特性,并介绍光纤光栅传感系统组成。
(2)分析几种常用光纤光栅解调方案的解调原理及其优缺点,利用长周期光纤光栅的边缘滤波效应,设计出一种新型解调方案。详细介绍方案解调原理、光路设计,并理论计算出传感光强/FBG谐振波长灵敏度。
(3)设计等强度梁式振动传感器结构,分析振动悬臂梁静态特性、动态特性及悬臂梁的固有频率等。根据系统测量要求,对悬臂梁尺寸进行优化设计。利用ANSYS软件对振动悬臂梁固有频率进行仿真分析,验证理论计算的正确性。
(4)设计光电转换电路、滤波电路、差动电路、数据采集电路、动态显示电路等,并通过系统软件设计实现传感信号的检测与显示。
(5)实验研究光纤光栅传感系统的温度传感特性、应变传感特性、振动传感特性,并对实验结果进行分析。
Aiming at the purpose of analyzing equipment's vibration parameters such as frequency and acceleration during mechanical vibration fault diagnosis, in this paper one kind of vibration/temperature two-parameter fiber grating sensor with the merits EMI (Electromagnetic interference) resistance, high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, small size, etc, was designed and the problems of multi factors' interaction and cross-sensitivity in engineering structure were effectively solved.
Vibration sensing text of constant strength cantilever was employed in this paper, and a novel demodulating system was designed based on long period fiber grating to demodulate the temperature and vibration, which could effectively minimize the effect of fluctuation of optical source and decrease the interference of external environment. System measurement range could be as follows: dynamic signal range, 20Hz～160Hz, acceleration measurement range, 0～140g with the sensitivity 0.1g, temperature measurement range, 0℃～100℃with the sensitivity 0.1℃. Following were the main contents in this paper:
Firstly, the application and the present development of fiber grating sensor and multi parameter sensor were introduced, and then the basic sensing principle and characters of fiber grating, vibration sensor's fundamental principle was briefly discussed, besides, temperature /vibration sensing and the composition of fiber grating sensing system was studied.
Secondly, the principle, merits and faults of several general fiber grating demodulation scheme was analyzed, a novel demodulation scheme was presented based on edge filter effect of long period fiber grating. Then we discussed intensively its' working principle, beam path design, and did the theoretical calculation of resonant wavelength sensitivity of sensing optical intensity and FBG.
Thirdly, the structure of constant strength cantilever vibration sensor was designed, static and dynamic characteristic, natural frequency of cantilever analyzed. According to the requirement of system, the size of cantilever was optimized, and simulation about natural frequency of vibration cantilever via ANSY software was realized, which verified the results of theoretical calculation.
Forth, system circuits including photoelectric conversion, filtration, differential, data acquisition, dynamic display, etc, were designed, and the test and display of sensing signal was fulfilled by system software.
Finally, some experiments were finished to study the temperature sensing character, strain sensing character, vibration sensing character, and the result analysis of experiment was make.
引文
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[2]Webb D J.Surowiec J,Sweeney M et al.Miniature fibre optic ultrasonic probe[J].Proceedings of SPIE.2839.1996.8.
[3]Morey W W,Meltz G,Glenn W H.Fibre optic Bragg grating sensors[J].Proceedings of SPIE.1169.1989.98-107.
[4]Prohaska J D,Snitzer E,Chen B et al.Fibre optic Bragg gratings strain sensor in large scale concrete structures[J].Proceedings of SPIE.1798.1992.286-294.
[5]Nellen Ph M,Mauron P,Frank A et al.Reliability of fiber Bragg grating based sensors for downhole applications[J].Sensors and Actuators.A 103.2003.364-376.
[6]Bryson C.Interferometric sensor system for security applications[J].10th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference.Glasgow,Scotland.1994.485-488.
[7]Todd M D et al.Flexural beam-based fiber Bragg grating accelerometers[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.10.1998.1605-1607.
[8]James S W et al.Transient strain monitoring on a gun barrel using optical fiber Bragg grating sensors[J].Society of Photo-Optic Instrumentation Engineers,Laser Interferometry Ⅸ:Applications.3479.San diego,CA,USA.1998.216-221.
[9]牟林.光纤光栅振动传感系统及应用:[硕士学位论文][D].山东:山东大学.2006.1-6.
[10]Michael bass.光纤通信通信用光纤、器件和系统[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2004.134-142.
[11]赵健.实用化光纤光栅传感器和微结构光纤光栅传感器的研究[D].天津:南开大学.2006。32-37.
[12]Echevarria J,Quintela A,Jauregui C et al.Uniform fiber Bragg grating first-and second-order diffraction wavelength experimental characterization for strain-temperature discrimination[J].IEEE Photon Technology Letters.13(7).2001.696-698.
[13]Spirin V V,Shlyagin M G,Mieridonov S V et al.Temperature-insensitive strain measurement using differential double Bragg grating technique[J].Optics and Laser Technol.33.2001.43-46.
[14]Zeng X K,Rao Y J,Wang Y P et al.Transverse load,static strain,temperature and vibration measurement using a cascaded FBG/EFPI/LPFG sensor system[J].Proc.15~(th)Inter.Conf.on OFS.2002.199-202.
[15]Rao Y J,Yuan S F,Zeng X K et al.Simultaneous strain and temperature measurement of advanced 3-D braided composite materials using an improved EFPI/FBG system[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering.38.2002.557-566.
[16]姜德生.智能材料与结构、器件[M].武汉:武汉工业大学出版社.2000.60-200.
[17]李仲超.光纤Bragg光栅振动加速度测量系统的设计与研究:[硕士学位论文][D].河北:燕山大学.2006.1-11.
[18]Rao Y J.In-fibre Bragg grating sensors[J].Meas.Sci.Technol.8.1997.355-375.
[19]Rao Y J.Recent progress in applications of in-fibre Bragg grating sensors[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering.31.1999.297-324.
[20]Yong Zhao,Yanbiao Liao.Discrimination methods and demodulation techniques for fiber Bragg grating sensors[J].Optics Communication.41.2004.1-18.
[21]Echevarria J,Quintela A,Jauregui C et al.Uniform fiber Bragg grating first-and second-order diffraction wavelength esperimental characterization for strain-temperature discrimination[J].IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.13(7).2001.
[22]Rao Y J,Zeng X K,Zhu Y et al.Temperature-strain discrimination sensor using a WDM chirped in-fibre Bragg grating and extrinsic Fabry-Perot[J].Chinese Physics Lett.18.5.2001.643-645.
[23]Zeng X K,Rao Y J.Simultaneous static strain,temperature and vibration measurement using an intergrated FBG/EFP sensor[J].Chinese Physics Lett.18.12.2001.1617-1619.
[24]Chen G H,Liu L Y,Jia H Z et al.Simultaneous pressure and temperature measurement using Hi-Bi fiber Bragg grating[J].Optics Communications.228.2003.99-105.
[25]Gwandu B A L,Shu X W,Liu Y et al.Simultaneous measurement of strain and curvature using superstructure fibre Bragg gratings[J].Sensor and Actuators A.96.2002.133-139.
[26]李川,张以谟,赵永贵,李立京等.光纤光栅:原理、技术与传感应用[M].北京:科学出版社.2005.
[27]饶云江,王义平,朱涛.光纤光栅原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社.2006.
[28]曾南.光栅加速度传感器若干关键技术研究:[博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学.2005.22-26.
[29]王向安,乔学光等.光纤光栅传感的解调方法[J].光通信技术.2.2006.16-18.
[30]艾谦.光纤Bragg光栅传感器解调方法的研究[J].中国水运(学术版).04.2006.120-122.
[31]王宏亮,张晶,乔学光,贾振安,王瑜,马超.光纤光栅解调系统的研究进展[J].半导体技术.32.3.2007.188-207.
[32]Vengsarkar A M,Lemaire P J,Judkins J B et al.Long-Period Grating as Band-Rejection Filters[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology.14.1996.58-65.
[33]H.B.Liu,H.Y.Liu,T.Whitbread,Y.J.Rao.G.D.Peng.A simple strain using polymer fibre Bragg grating and long period fibre grating[J].Proceeding of SPIE.5634.2005.123-127.
[34]秦子雄,曾庆科,项阳.大调谐范围的等强度梁光纤光栅波长调节器[J].光学学报.21.2001.1421-1425.
[35]单辉祖.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1999.10-135.
[36]陈昭怡,吴桂英.材料力学[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社.2005.141-143.
[37]Young W C.Roark's formulas for stress with composite structure:an analysis[J].Applied Optics.18. 21.1979.3679-3683.
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