基于WSN的战场分布式网络技术研究
摘要
战场分布式网络是信息化部队的核心技术,而无线传感器网络(WSN)在拓扑结构和性能指标方面都与战场分布式网络有着众多相似之处。论文将WSN的设计思想与战场分布式网络的具体需要相结合,研究基于WSN的战场分布式网络技术,并进行设计与实现,具有十分重要的意义。
论文对战场分布式网络的链路层和网络层进行研究。在链路层方面,论文在对WSN MAC层进行研究的基础上设计一种高速率、多业务、可以适应强电磁对抗环境的战场分布式网络MAC协议;分析一种在较低速率、弱电磁对抗环境下可以使用的实用CSMA协议,并利用TinyOS操作系统进行设计与实现。
在网络层方面,论文用LEPS路由结合CSMA协议设计一种静态战场分布式网络;用AODV结合CSMA协议设计一种动态战场分布式网络,并对这两种网络在TinyOS操作系统下进行编程实现,通过仿真和实验等手段对这两种网络进行测试。论文还讨论如何利用TinyOS的模块机制进行分层战场分布式网络的构建。
通过论文的工作,实现了战场分布式网络平台的搭建,也验证了利用WSN组网技术来设计战场分布式网络是一条行之有效的途径。
Tactical distributed network (TDN) has become a key technology of the digital army, and it is much similar to wireless sensor network (WSN) in the aspect of topology and function. This thesis makes an intensive research on TDN combining the designing ideology of WSN with TDN’s practical needs, and it is of great significance.
This thesis studies TDN’s data link layer and network layer. A MAC protocol which can be used under the high data rate, multiple services and strong electromagnetism interference environment was designed based on the researches of WSN MAC. A low data rate and low electromagnetism interference CSMA MAC is introduced and realized in TinyOS operating system.
In the field of network layer research, a static TDN is designed with LEPS routing and CSMA MAC. A dynamic TDN with AODV routing and CSMA MAC is also designed. Both of them are realized in TinyOS operating system and tested by simulator and experimentation. This thesis also introduces a method to build a layered TDN with the TinyOS modularized mechanism.
Through the work of this thesis, not only the network platform of TDN is built, but also the feasibility of designing a TDN with WSN technology is proved.
论文对战场分布式网络的链路层和网络层进行研究。在链路层方面,论文在对WSN MAC层进行研究的基础上设计一种高速率、多业务、可以适应强电磁对抗环境的战场分布式网络MAC协议;分析一种在较低速率、弱电磁对抗环境下可以使用的实用CSMA协议,并利用TinyOS操作系统进行设计与实现。
在网络层方面,论文用LEPS路由结合CSMA协议设计一种静态战场分布式网络;用AODV结合CSMA协议设计一种动态战场分布式网络,并对这两种网络在TinyOS操作系统下进行编程实现,通过仿真和实验等手段对这两种网络进行测试。论文还讨论如何利用TinyOS的模块机制进行分层战场分布式网络的构建。
通过论文的工作,实现了战场分布式网络平台的搭建,也验证了利用WSN组网技术来设计战场分布式网络是一条行之有效的途径。
Tactical distributed network (TDN) has become a key technology of the digital army, and it is much similar to wireless sensor network (WSN) in the aspect of topology and function. This thesis makes an intensive research on TDN combining the designing ideology of WSN with TDN’s practical needs, and it is of great significance.
This thesis studies TDN’s data link layer and network layer. A MAC protocol which can be used under the high data rate, multiple services and strong electromagnetism interference environment was designed based on the researches of WSN MAC. A low data rate and low electromagnetism interference CSMA MAC is introduced and realized in TinyOS operating system.
In the field of network layer research, a static TDN is designed with LEPS routing and CSMA MAC. A dynamic TDN with AODV routing and CSMA MAC is also designed. Both of them are realized in TinyOS operating system and tested by simulator and experimentation. This thesis also introduces a method to build a layered TDN with the TinyOS modularized mechanism.
Through the work of this thesis, not only the network platform of TDN is built, but also the feasibility of designing a TDN with WSN technology is proved.
引文
[1] Jack L, Burbank, Philip F, et al. Key Chanllenges of Military Tactical Networking and the Elusive Promise of MANET Technology. In: Communications Magazine, IEEE. 2006, 44(11). 39-45.
[2] Akyildiz I.F, Weilian Su, Sankarasubramaniam Y, et al. A survey on sensor networks. In: Communications Magazine, IEEE. 2002, 8, 40(8). 102-114.
[3]西安成峰科技有限公司系统开发部.无线传感器网络应用实例荟萃. URL: http://www.chengfengtech.com/Chengfeng%20Paper%20Application.pdf. 2006.
[4] Kristofer S.J.Pister. Tracking vehicles with a UAV-delivered sensor network. http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/29Palms0103/. 2000.
[5] Z.Butler, P.Corke, R.Peterson, et al. Networked Cows: Virtual Fence for Controlling Cows. In: Proc.WAMES 2004.
[6]谢军,刘惠芳.美军战术互联网体系结构研究与弱点初探.全国卫星微波通信技术研讨会. 2002, 10. 143-151.
[7]李晓维,徐勇军等.无线传感器网络技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社. 2007.
[8] Atmel Inc. Atmel128(L) Datasheet. URL: http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/ prod_documents/2467S.pdf. 2008.
[9] Chipcon Inc. Single Chip Very Low Power RF Transceiver, CC1000 Datasheet. URL: http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc1000.pdf. 2007.
[10] Crossbow Inc. MPR-MIB User’s Manual. URL: http://www.xbow.com/Support/ Support_pdf_files/MPR-MIB_Series_Users_Manual.pdf. 2007. 9-12.
[11] Crossbow Inc. MTS/MDA Sensor Board User’s Manual. URL: http://www. xbow. com/Support/Support_pdf_files/MTS-MDA_Series_Users_Manual.pdf. 2007. 2-4.
[12] Imad Mahgoub, Mohammad Ilyas. Smart dust: sensor network applications, and design. U.S.: Boca Raton. 2006.
[13] Crossbow Inc. Mica2 Datasheet. URL: http://www.xbow.com/Products/ Product _pdf_files/ Wireless_pdf/MICA2_Datasheet.pdf.
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[15] Archer W, Levis P, Regehr J. Embedded sensor networked operating system. In: Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing. 2006.
[16] Philip Levis, Nelson Lee. TOSSIM: A Simulator for TinyOS Networks. URL: http://www.tinyos.net. 2003.
[17] Sohrabi K, Gao J, Ailawadhi V, Pottle G.J. Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network. In: Personal Communications, IEEE. 2000, 7(5). 16-27.
[18]蹇强,龚正虎,朱培栋等.无线传感器网络MAC协议研究进展.软件学报. 2008.
[19]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络.北京:清华大学出版社. 2002.
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[23] Lu G,Krishnamachari B, Raghavendra C.An adaptive energy-efficient and low- latency MAC for data gathering in wireless sensor netrworks. In: Proc 18th Int’l Parallel and Distribute Processing Symp. 2004, 4. 224-230.
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[25] IEEE 802.11.b 2003. Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. 2003. 70-97.
[26] Rajendran V, Obraczka K, J.j. Garcia-Luna-Aceves. Energy-Efficient, Collision- Free Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Wireless Networks,12(1). 2006.
[27] Rhee I, Warrier A, Aia M, et al. Z-MAC: a Hybrid MAC for Wireless Sensor- Networks. In: Proc of the 3rd ACM Conf. on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. 2005.
[28] David Gay, Philip Levis, David Culler, et al. nesC 1.1 Language Reference Manual, URL: http://www.tinyos.net, 2003.
[29] Philip Levis. TinyOS Programming. URL: http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-2.x/doc/ pdf/tinyos-programming.pdf. 2006.
[30] Archer W, Levis P, Regehr J. Interface Contracts for TinyOS. In: Information Processing Sensor Networks, IPSN International Symposium. 2007.
[31]李建东,盛敏.通信网络基础.北京:高等教育出版社. 2004. 36.
[32] TinyOS Tutorial. URL:http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc/tutorial/. 2003.
[33] NCC–nesC compiler for TinyOS. URL: http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc/ nesc/ncc.html.
[34]任丰原,黄海林,林闯等.无线传感器网络.软件学报. 2003, 14(7). 1284-1285.
[35]林喜源.基于TinyOS的无线传感器网络体系结构.单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2006.
[36] Hardware Designs. URL: http://www.tinyos.net/scoop/special/hardware/.
[37] Xiong Zhuang, Yongming Yang, Wei Ding. The wireless sensor network node design for electrical equipment on-oline monitoring. In: Industrial Technology, ICIT IEEE International Conference. 2008.
[38] TinyOS 8051 Working Group. Towards TinyOS for 8051. URL: http://www. tinyos.net/dist-2.0.0/tinyos-2.x/doc/html/tep121.html. 2006.
[39] TinyOS Surge Application. URL: http://www.tinyos.net/. 2002.
[40]郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰等. Ad Hoc网络技术.北京:人民邮电出版社. 2005. 70-79.
[41] Kernel AODV v2.1. URL: http://www.antd.nist.gov/wctg/aodv_kernel/ kaodv_ download.htm.
[42] The netfilter/iptables HOWTO’s. URL: http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/ index.html#documentation-howto.
[2] Akyildiz I.F, Weilian Su, Sankarasubramaniam Y, et al. A survey on sensor networks. In: Communications Magazine, IEEE. 2002, 8, 40(8). 102-114.
[3]西安成峰科技有限公司系统开发部.无线传感器网络应用实例荟萃. URL: http://www.chengfengtech.com/Chengfeng%20Paper%20Application.pdf. 2006.
[4] Kristofer S.J.Pister. Tracking vehicles with a UAV-delivered sensor network. http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/29Palms0103/. 2000.
[5] Z.Butler, P.Corke, R.Peterson, et al. Networked Cows: Virtual Fence for Controlling Cows. In: Proc.WAMES 2004.
[6]谢军,刘惠芳.美军战术互联网体系结构研究与弱点初探.全国卫星微波通信技术研讨会. 2002, 10. 143-151.
[7]李晓维,徐勇军等.无线传感器网络技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社. 2007.
[8] Atmel Inc. Atmel128(L) Datasheet. URL: http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/ prod_documents/2467S.pdf. 2008.
[9] Chipcon Inc. Single Chip Very Low Power RF Transceiver, CC1000 Datasheet. URL: http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc1000.pdf. 2007.
[10] Crossbow Inc. MPR-MIB User’s Manual. URL: http://www.xbow.com/Support/ Support_pdf_files/MPR-MIB_Series_Users_Manual.pdf. 2007. 9-12.
[11] Crossbow Inc. MTS/MDA Sensor Board User’s Manual. URL: http://www. xbow. com/Support/Support_pdf_files/MTS-MDA_Series_Users_Manual.pdf. 2007. 2-4.
[12] Imad Mahgoub, Mohammad Ilyas. Smart dust: sensor network applications, and design. U.S.: Boca Raton. 2006.
[13] Crossbow Inc. Mica2 Datasheet. URL: http://www.xbow.com/Products/ Product _pdf_files/ Wireless_pdf/MICA2_Datasheet.pdf.
[14]张健松,王永才,陈曦等.传感器网络基站与节点接口的设计与实现.计算机应用与软件. 2007, 24(8).
[15] Archer W, Levis P, Regehr J. Embedded sensor networked operating system. In: Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing. 2006.
[16] Philip Levis, Nelson Lee. TOSSIM: A Simulator for TinyOS Networks. URL: http://www.tinyos.net. 2003.
[17] Sohrabi K, Gao J, Ailawadhi V, Pottle G.J. Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network. In: Personal Communications, IEEE. 2000, 7(5). 16-27.
[18]蹇强,龚正虎,朱培栋等.无线传感器网络MAC协议研究进展.软件学报. 2008.
[19]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络.北京:清华大学出版社. 2002.
[20] Wei Ye, John Heidemann, Deborah Estrin. An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: INFOCOM 2002. Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communication Societies.Proeedings. IEEE. 2002.
[21] van Dam T, Langendoen K. An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Proc of the 1st ACM Conf on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys).New York:ACM Press. 2003.
[22] Chien C, Elgorriaga I, McConaghy C. Low-Power direct-sequence spread- spectrum modern architecture for distributed wireless sensor networks. In: International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. 2001.
[23] Lu G,Krishnamachari B, Raghavendra C.An adaptive energy-efficient and low- latency MAC for data gathering in wireless sensor netrworks. In: Proc 18th Int’l Parallel and Distribute Processing Symp. 2004, 4. 224-230.
[24] IEEE 802.15.4 2003. Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). 2003. 17-23.
[25] IEEE 802.11.b 2003. Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. 2003. 70-97.
[26] Rajendran V, Obraczka K, J.j. Garcia-Luna-Aceves. Energy-Efficient, Collision- Free Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Wireless Networks,12(1). 2006.
[27] Rhee I, Warrier A, Aia M, et al. Z-MAC: a Hybrid MAC for Wireless Sensor- Networks. In: Proc of the 3rd ACM Conf. on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. 2005.
[28] David Gay, Philip Levis, David Culler, et al. nesC 1.1 Language Reference Manual, URL: http://www.tinyos.net, 2003.
[29] Philip Levis. TinyOS Programming. URL: http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-2.x/doc/ pdf/tinyos-programming.pdf. 2006.
[30] Archer W, Levis P, Regehr J. Interface Contracts for TinyOS. In: Information Processing Sensor Networks, IPSN International Symposium. 2007.
[31]李建东,盛敏.通信网络基础.北京:高等教育出版社. 2004. 36.
[32] TinyOS Tutorial. URL:http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc/tutorial/. 2003.
[33] NCC–nesC compiler for TinyOS. URL: http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc/ nesc/ncc.html.
[34]任丰原,黄海林,林闯等.无线传感器网络.软件学报. 2003, 14(7). 1284-1285.
[35]林喜源.基于TinyOS的无线传感器网络体系结构.单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2006.
[36] Hardware Designs. URL: http://www.tinyos.net/scoop/special/hardware/.
[37] Xiong Zhuang, Yongming Yang, Wei Ding. The wireless sensor network node design for electrical equipment on-oline monitoring. In: Industrial Technology, ICIT IEEE International Conference. 2008.
[38] TinyOS 8051 Working Group. Towards TinyOS for 8051. URL: http://www. tinyos.net/dist-2.0.0/tinyos-2.x/doc/html/tep121.html. 2006.
[39] TinyOS Surge Application. URL: http://www.tinyos.net/. 2002.
[40]郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰等. Ad Hoc网络技术.北京:人民邮电出版社. 2005. 70-79.
[41] Kernel AODV v2.1. URL: http://www.antd.nist.gov/wctg/aodv_kernel/ kaodv_ download.htm.
[42] The netfilter/iptables HOWTO’s. URL: http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/ index.html#documentation-howto.