基于Zigbee网络的终端设备设计
摘要
Zigbee无线协议以其低功耗、低速率、多节点、自组网等特点成为无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)中备受关注的无线传输协议之一。随着Zigbee应用规模的扩大,终端设备成两级分化现状:一类是高性能的终端设备,另一类是低性能的终端设备。本文的主要目标是高性能Zigbee终端设备的硬件方案与软件实现。
在深入研究Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4后,进一步分析了Zigbee技术在无线传感器网络中的优势。通过对高性能终端设备的深入分析,提出了该设备的硬件方案即“32位处理器+CC2420”,并实现了高性能终端设备的软件系统。该软件系统主要包括以下几个方面:U-Boot移植,Linux内核驱动移植以及Zigbee终端设备软件设计。首先,对U-Boot 2009.03的不足之处提出了改进方案,并实现了Nand Flash启动功能。其次,完成了Nand Flash与LCD驱动移植并计算了LCD设备的总线占用率。最后,采用异步通知方式设计Zigbee设备驱动,提高了应用程序运行效率。
我们在“S3C2440+CC2420”平台上验证了本文提出的软硬方案是可行的,实现了点对点通信。该方案特别适合于Zigbee手持终端应用,具有很强的现实意义。
Zigbee wireless protocol, characterized by low-power, low-rate and multi-node, is one kind of wireless transaction protocol in wireless sensor network (Wirless Sensor Network, WSN). With the enlargement of application range in Zigbee, there are two kind of terminal devices, one kind of is terminal device in high performance, another kind of is terminal device in low performace. This dissertation focuses on the hardware/software pattern of high-performace terminal devices and comes ture it’s software design.
After a deep research on Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 protocl, we further analyze the advantage of Zigbee technology in WSN application. Then, analysis on the feature of high-performace terminal devices, it’s hardware pattern based on“32-bit embedded processor + CC2420 radio module”is provided and it’s software design is be come ture. This software system includes U-Boot transplantation, linux driver transplantation, and the software design of Zigbee terminal devices in high performance. Firstly, this dissertation improves the deficiency point of U-Boot 2009.03 and realizes boot function from nand flash. Secondly, we implement nand flash driver-transplantation based on linux OS and analyse system bus occupation rate. Lastly, Zigbee device driver has completed by the method of asynchronous I/O, which improve efficiency of the application programs.
We verify that the pattern of hardware and software pattern is feasible on the hardware platform base on“S3C2440+CC2420”and then successfully complete point-to-point communication. This pattern is quite suitable for Zigbee mobile terminal device.
在深入研究Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4后,进一步分析了Zigbee技术在无线传感器网络中的优势。通过对高性能终端设备的深入分析,提出了该设备的硬件方案即“32位处理器+CC2420”,并实现了高性能终端设备的软件系统。该软件系统主要包括以下几个方面:U-Boot移植,Linux内核驱动移植以及Zigbee终端设备软件设计。首先,对U-Boot 2009.03的不足之处提出了改进方案,并实现了Nand Flash启动功能。其次,完成了Nand Flash与LCD驱动移植并计算了LCD设备的总线占用率。最后,采用异步通知方式设计Zigbee设备驱动,提高了应用程序运行效率。
我们在“S3C2440+CC2420”平台上验证了本文提出的软硬方案是可行的,实现了点对点通信。该方案特别适合于Zigbee手持终端应用,具有很强的现实意义。
Zigbee wireless protocol, characterized by low-power, low-rate and multi-node, is one kind of wireless transaction protocol in wireless sensor network (Wirless Sensor Network, WSN). With the enlargement of application range in Zigbee, there are two kind of terminal devices, one kind of is terminal device in high performance, another kind of is terminal device in low performace. This dissertation focuses on the hardware/software pattern of high-performace terminal devices and comes ture it’s software design.
After a deep research on Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 protocl, we further analyze the advantage of Zigbee technology in WSN application. Then, analysis on the feature of high-performace terminal devices, it’s hardware pattern based on“32-bit embedded processor + CC2420 radio module”is provided and it’s software design is be come ture. This software system includes U-Boot transplantation, linux driver transplantation, and the software design of Zigbee terminal devices in high performance. Firstly, this dissertation improves the deficiency point of U-Boot 2009.03 and realizes boot function from nand flash. Secondly, we implement nand flash driver-transplantation based on linux OS and analyse system bus occupation rate. Lastly, Zigbee device driver has completed by the method of asynchronous I/O, which improve efficiency of the application programs.
We verify that the pattern of hardware and software pattern is feasible on the hardware platform base on“S3C2440+CC2420”and then successfully complete point-to-point communication. This pattern is quite suitable for Zigbee mobile terminal device.
引文
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[2]孙利民,李建中.无线传感器网络.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005: 15~50
[3] Tilak S, Abu-Ghazaleh B, Heinzelman W. Taxonomy of Wireless Micro-sensor Network Models. Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2002, 1(2): 28~36
[4] Demirko Ilker, Ersoy Cem, Alag?z Fatih. MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2006, 44(4): 115~121
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[7] Zhang qian,Yang xianglong, Zhou yiming, et al. A wireless solution for greenhouse monitoring and control system based on Zigbee technology. Journal of zhejiang University: Science A, 8(10): 1584~1587
[8] JDagtas S, Pekhteryev G., Sahinoglu Z. Multi-stage real time health monitoring via Zigbee in smart homes. In: Proceedings - 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops/Symposia, AINAW’07, v(1), Washington D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 2007. 782~786
[9] Casas R, Marco A, Plaza I, et al. Zigbee-based alarm system for pervasive healthcare in rural areas. IET Communications, 2008, 2(2): 208~214
[10] Li Zheng. Zigbee wireless sensor network in industrial applications. In: 2006 SICE-ICASE international Joint Conference. Washington D.C.: IEEEComputer Society, 2006. 1067~1070
[11] Pinedo-Frausto, Dalila E, Garcia-Macias, et al. An experimental analysis of zigbee networks. In: Proceedings - Conference on Local Computer Networks, LCN. Washington DC: IEEE Computer Society, 2008. 723~729
[12] Howell Rich. Zigbee radios and ICs gain momentum in industrial control applications. ECN Electronic Component News,2009, 53(1): 19~20
[13] Zigbee Alliance. Zigbee specification[S/OL]. Zigbee Document 053474r06, 2005. http://www.zigbee.org
[14] ?afaric Stanislav, Malaric Kre?imir. Zigbee wireless standard. In: Proceedings Elmar - International Symposium Electronics in Marine. Zadar: Croatian Society Electronics in Marine– ELMAR, 2006. 259~262
[15] Zhan jie, Linu Hongli. Access delay analysis of Zigbee protocol with delay line. In: 2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCOM 2007. Washington D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 2007. 6446~6449
[16]林晓飞,刘彬,张辉.基于ARM嵌入式Linux应用开发与实现教程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2007. 31
[17] Lee Chul, Baek Sung Hoon, Park Kyu Ho. A hybrid flash file system based on NOR and NAND flash memories for embedded devices. IEEE Transaction on Computers, 2008, 57(7): 1002~1008
[18]杨水清,张剑,施云飞,等. ARM嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008. 141
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[20] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS-II(第2版).邵贝贝.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社, 2003. 62~66
[21]韦安.一种嵌入式Linux下混合文件系统的实现技术.计算机工程, 2007,33(14): 57~58
[22]李新峰,何广生,赵秀文.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux开发技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008. 82~86
[23]李佳. ARM系列处理器应用技术完全手册.华清远见嵌入式培训中心.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006. 521~522
[24]韦东山.嵌入式Linux应用开发完全手册.北京:人民邮电出版社,2008. 241~243
[25]黄振华,李外云,刘锦高. ARM的位置无关程序设计在Bootloader中的应用.单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2008. 22~25
[26]宋宝华. Linux设备驱动开发详解.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2008. 541~546
[27]李勇,张建正.嵌入式系统Linux下LCD显示驱动的开发.计算机技术与发展, 2006. 16(2): 93~95
[28]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌. Zigbee技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007. 324~327
[29]马忠梅,祝烈煌,李善平. ARM & Linux嵌入式系统教程(第2版).北京:北京航天航空大学出版社, 2008. 270~280
[30]俞永昌. Linux设备驱动开发技术及应用.李红姬,李明吉.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2008. 27~28
[31]李新峰,何广生,赵秀文.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux开发技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008. 165~167
[32]商斌. Linux设备驱动开发入门与编程实践.北京:电子工业出版社, 2009. 182~185
[33] Corbet J, Rubini A, Kroab-Hartman G.. LINUX设备驱动程序.魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅.北京:中国电力出版社, 2007. 213~219
[34]河秦,王洪涛. Linux2.6内核标准教程.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2008. 233~248
[35] Robert Love. Linux内核设计与实现.陈莉君,康华,张波.北京:机械工业出版社, 2008. 92~95
[36] Zhu Hongfeng, Liu Tianhua, Zhou Chuansheng, et al. Research and implementation of Zero-Copy technology based on device driver in Linux. In: First International Multi- Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences, IMSCCS'06, 2. Washington D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 2006. 129~134
[37] Yamagiwa Shinichi, Aoki Keiichi, Wada Koichi. Active zero-copy: A performance study of non-deterministic messaging. In: ISPDC 2005: 4th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing, 2005. Washington D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 2005. 325~332
[38]李法龙,吴刚,陈章龙.位图在嵌入式内存管理中的应用.计算机工程与设计, 2005, 26(4): 1020~1021
[39]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构(C语言版).北京:清华大学出版社, 2001. 27~42
[40]厉海燕,李新明,王莉.基于Linux的异步I/O实现.指挥技术学院学报, 2001, 12(6): 76~80
[41]贺庆. Linux实时信号驱动I/O的改进: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学, 2005
[2]孙利民,李建中.无线传感器网络.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005: 15~50
[3] Tilak S, Abu-Ghazaleh B, Heinzelman W. Taxonomy of Wireless Micro-sensor Network Models. Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2002, 1(2): 28~36
[4] Demirko Ilker, Ersoy Cem, Alag?z Fatih. MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2006, 44(4): 115~121
[5] Misic J, Misic V.B. Duty cycle management in sensor networks based on 802.15.4 beacon enabled MAC. Ad Hoc and Sensor Wireless Networks Journal, 2005, 1(3): 207~233
[6]任秀丽,于海斌. Zigbee技术的无线传感器网络的安全性研究.仪器仪表学报, 2007, 28(12): 2132~2137
[7] Zhang qian,Yang xianglong, Zhou yiming, et al. A wireless solution for greenhouse monitoring and control system based on Zigbee technology. Journal of zhejiang University: Science A, 8(10): 1584~1587
[8] JDagtas S, Pekhteryev G., Sahinoglu Z. Multi-stage real time health monitoring via Zigbee in smart homes. In: Proceedings - 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops/Symposia, AINAW’07, v(1), Washington D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 2007. 782~786
[9] Casas R, Marco A, Plaza I, et al. Zigbee-based alarm system for pervasive healthcare in rural areas. IET Communications, 2008, 2(2): 208~214
[10] Li Zheng. Zigbee wireless sensor network in industrial applications. In: 2006 SICE-ICASE international Joint Conference. Washington D.C.: IEEEComputer Society, 2006. 1067~1070
[11] Pinedo-Frausto, Dalila E, Garcia-Macias, et al. An experimental analysis of zigbee networks. In: Proceedings - Conference on Local Computer Networks, LCN. Washington DC: IEEE Computer Society, 2008. 723~729
[12] Howell Rich. Zigbee radios and ICs gain momentum in industrial control applications. ECN Electronic Component News,2009, 53(1): 19~20
[13] Zigbee Alliance. Zigbee specification[S/OL]. Zigbee Document 053474r06, 2005. http://www.zigbee.org
[14] ?afaric Stanislav, Malaric Kre?imir. Zigbee wireless standard. In: Proceedings Elmar - International Symposium Electronics in Marine. Zadar: Croatian Society Electronics in Marine– ELMAR, 2006. 259~262
[15] Zhan jie, Linu Hongli. Access delay analysis of Zigbee protocol with delay line. In: 2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCOM 2007. Washington D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 2007. 6446~6449
[16]林晓飞,刘彬,张辉.基于ARM嵌入式Linux应用开发与实现教程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2007. 31
[17] Lee Chul, Baek Sung Hoon, Park Kyu Ho. A hybrid flash file system based on NOR and NAND flash memories for embedded devices. IEEE Transaction on Computers, 2008, 57(7): 1002~1008
[18]杨水清,张剑,施云飞,等. ARM嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008. 141
[19]吴学智,戚玉华,林海涛,等.基于ARM的嵌入式系统设计与开发.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007. 8~17
[20] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS-II(第2版).邵贝贝.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社, 2003. 62~66
[21]韦安.一种嵌入式Linux下混合文件系统的实现技术.计算机工程, 2007,33(14): 57~58
[22]李新峰,何广生,赵秀文.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux开发技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008. 82~86
[23]李佳. ARM系列处理器应用技术完全手册.华清远见嵌入式培训中心.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006. 521~522
[24]韦东山.嵌入式Linux应用开发完全手册.北京:人民邮电出版社,2008. 241~243
[25]黄振华,李外云,刘锦高. ARM的位置无关程序设计在Bootloader中的应用.单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2008. 22~25
[26]宋宝华. Linux设备驱动开发详解.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2008. 541~546
[27]李勇,张建正.嵌入式系统Linux下LCD显示驱动的开发.计算机技术与发展, 2006. 16(2): 93~95
[28]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌. Zigbee技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007. 324~327
[29]马忠梅,祝烈煌,李善平. ARM & Linux嵌入式系统教程(第2版).北京:北京航天航空大学出版社, 2008. 270~280
[30]俞永昌. Linux设备驱动开发技术及应用.李红姬,李明吉.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2008. 27~28
[31]李新峰,何广生,赵秀文.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux开发技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008. 165~167
[32]商斌. Linux设备驱动开发入门与编程实践.北京:电子工业出版社, 2009. 182~185
[33] Corbet J, Rubini A, Kroab-Hartman G.. LINUX设备驱动程序.魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅.北京:中国电力出版社, 2007. 213~219
[34]河秦,王洪涛. Linux2.6内核标准教程.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2008. 233~248
[35] Robert Love. Linux内核设计与实现.陈莉君,康华,张波.北京:机械工业出版社, 2008. 92~95
[36] Zhu Hongfeng, Liu Tianhua, Zhou Chuansheng, et al. Research and implementation of Zero-Copy technology based on device driver in Linux. In: First International Multi- Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences, IMSCCS'06, 2. Washington D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 2006. 129~134
[37] Yamagiwa Shinichi, Aoki Keiichi, Wada Koichi. Active zero-copy: A performance study of non-deterministic messaging. In: ISPDC 2005: 4th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing, 2005. Washington D.C.: IEEE Computer Society, 2005. 325~332
[38]李法龙,吴刚,陈章龙.位图在嵌入式内存管理中的应用.计算机工程与设计, 2005, 26(4): 1020~1021
[39]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构(C语言版).北京:清华大学出版社, 2001. 27~42
[40]厉海燕,李新明,王莉.基于Linux的异步I/O实现.指挥技术学院学报, 2001, 12(6): 76~80
[41]贺庆. Linux实时信号驱动I/O的改进: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学, 2005