含分布式电源的配电网无功补偿优化配置
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摘要
配电网无功补偿优化配置在电力系统规划设计中有着重要的地位,其在改善电压水平的同时还能降低系统的网损,减少电能成本,因此研究配电网无功补偿优化配置问题有着重要的实际意义。
分布式发电是一种利用可再生能源的发电方式,它清洁无污染,对环境影响小,是现在电力主要的发展方向之一。本文简单介绍了分布式电源,分析了分布式电源的投入对配电网无功补偿优化配置的影响。
建立了含分布式电源的10kV配电网的无功补偿优化配置的数学模型。该模型把分布式电源处理成PQ节点,用电网年电能损失费用与折合为等年值的无功补偿设备的投资费用之和最小为目标函数,以功率平衡,电压合格等为约束条件,既能保证系统的电能质量,又能使其经济性达到最好。由于系统负荷是时时变化的,模型还考虑了最大,一般和最小三种负荷运行方式的情况,同时分布式电源也分别为三种出力,使计算更加精确、简单,避免了只考虑单一负荷运行方式的片面性,更符合实际情况。
针对10kV配网可能产生的无功倒送问题,系统新增无功补偿点的容量及设备的投资费用只在最小负荷运行方式下考虑。
在求解方法上,采用了粒子群算法,利用粒子群收敛性好的特点,提高了无功补偿优化配置问题的求解速度。
通过12节点和28节点两个含分布式电源的配电网无功优化算例的验证,表明本文提出的算法能够有效地解决含分布式电源的配电网无功补偿优化配置问题,补偿效果明显,该方法有很好的可行性、实用性和经济性。
Optimal planning of reactive power compensation is of great significance in planning design of electric power system. In this paper, the optimal planning of reactive power compensation with tree shape electric power system is discussed.
Distributed generation (DG) is a renewable energy, with the advantages in energy-saving and emission-reduction, DG has broad prospects for development. In this paper, we analyze the DG and the impact which it brings to the reactive power compensation of distribution network. At the same time, try to find an effective application of reactive power compensation to the distribution network with DG, with a view to reduce the power loss of distribution network.
The mathematical model of optimal planning reactive power compensation for 10kv distribution power system is been established in this paper. In the objective function, the sum of active power lose cost and new adding VAR equipment investment which has been divided in each year are considered, and reactive power balance, satisfaction voltage quality are the constraints conditions. So, the optimal planning result can ensure good qualities and economical benefits of electric energy. In the model considers three kinds of different load operation conditions-light, normal and heavy are considered. This makes the model more comply with the actual situation and avoid the one-sidedness of single load operation condition.
For sending back reactive power of 10kV distribution network,new capacity and equipment investment costs only take into account the minimum load operation mode. This paper used PSO to console this model. PSO has a high efficiency and a simple model to solve optimize problem.
The results of two testing systems of distribution network with DG that the method proposed in this paper can solve the problem of reactive power compensation of distribution network efficiently, and the method has better convergent performance and can get better result.
分布式发电是一种利用可再生能源的发电方式,它清洁无污染,对环境影响小,是现在电力主要的发展方向之一。本文简单介绍了分布式电源,分析了分布式电源的投入对配电网无功补偿优化配置的影响。
建立了含分布式电源的10kV配电网的无功补偿优化配置的数学模型。该模型把分布式电源处理成PQ节点,用电网年电能损失费用与折合为等年值的无功补偿设备的投资费用之和最小为目标函数,以功率平衡,电压合格等为约束条件,既能保证系统的电能质量,又能使其经济性达到最好。由于系统负荷是时时变化的,模型还考虑了最大,一般和最小三种负荷运行方式的情况,同时分布式电源也分别为三种出力,使计算更加精确、简单,避免了只考虑单一负荷运行方式的片面性,更符合实际情况。
针对10kV配网可能产生的无功倒送问题,系统新增无功补偿点的容量及设备的投资费用只在最小负荷运行方式下考虑。
在求解方法上,采用了粒子群算法,利用粒子群收敛性好的特点,提高了无功补偿优化配置问题的求解速度。
通过12节点和28节点两个含分布式电源的配电网无功优化算例的验证,表明本文提出的算法能够有效地解决含分布式电源的配电网无功补偿优化配置问题,补偿效果明显,该方法有很好的可行性、实用性和经济性。
Optimal planning of reactive power compensation is of great significance in planning design of electric power system. In this paper, the optimal planning of reactive power compensation with tree shape electric power system is discussed.
Distributed generation (DG) is a renewable energy, with the advantages in energy-saving and emission-reduction, DG has broad prospects for development. In this paper, we analyze the DG and the impact which it brings to the reactive power compensation of distribution network. At the same time, try to find an effective application of reactive power compensation to the distribution network with DG, with a view to reduce the power loss of distribution network.
The mathematical model of optimal planning reactive power compensation for 10kv distribution power system is been established in this paper. In the objective function, the sum of active power lose cost and new adding VAR equipment investment which has been divided in each year are considered, and reactive power balance, satisfaction voltage quality are the constraints conditions. So, the optimal planning result can ensure good qualities and economical benefits of electric energy. In the model considers three kinds of different load operation conditions-light, normal and heavy are considered. This makes the model more comply with the actual situation and avoid the one-sidedness of single load operation condition.
For sending back reactive power of 10kV distribution network,new capacity and equipment investment costs only take into account the minimum load operation mode. This paper used PSO to console this model. PSO has a high efficiency and a simple model to solve optimize problem.
The results of two testing systems of distribution network with DG that the method proposed in this paper can solve the problem of reactive power compensation of distribution network efficiently, and the method has better convergent performance and can get better result.
引文
[1]殷桂梁,杨丽君,王珺.分布式发电技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[2]孙云莲.新能源与分布式发电技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2009
[3]刘宏,吴达成,杨志刚,翟永辉.家用太阳能光伏电源系统,北京:化学工业出版社,2007
[4]刘荣.自然能供电技术,北京:科学出版社,2000
[5]陈文斌.电力系统无功优化及电压调整,辽宁:辽宁科学技术出版社,2003
[6]苑舜,韩水.配电网无功优化及无功补偿装置,北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[7]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备,北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[8]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,王跃.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[9]李海燕.风力发电无功补偿技术及发展趋势[J].宁夏电力,2009, (4): 59-62
[10]杨维.粒子群算法综述[J].中国工程科学,2004,6(5):87~92
[11]陈金福,卢炎生.分布式电源技术在我国的应用探讨[J].水电能源科学,2005, (1): 12-15
[12]石嘉川,刘玉田..计及分布式发电的配电网多目标电压优化控制[J].电力系统自动化,2007, 31(13): 47-51
[13]王志群,朱守真,周双喜等.分布式发电对配电网电压分部的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2004, 28(16): 56-60
[14]王建,李兴源,邱晓燕.含有分布式发电装置的电力系统研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2005, 29(24): 90-97
[15]陈海焱,陈金富,段献忠.含有分布式电源的配电网潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2006, 30(1): 35-40
[16]何伟.分布式发电及新型配电网的发展[J].江西电力职业技术学院学报,2005,18(3): 43-44
[17]王成山,郑海峰,谢莹华,陈恺.计及分布式发电的配电系统随机潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(24):39-44
[18]赵宏伟,吴涛涛.基于分布式电源的微网技术[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2008,20(1):121-128
[19]Andres E Feijoo,Jose Cidras.Modeling of wind farm in the load flow analysis[J].IEEE transactions on power system.2000,15(1):110-ll 5
[20]WANG Chenshan,Maliki Guindo.Three-phase unbalanced radial distribution power flow analysis with wind farm considered [J].Automation of Electric Power System.2006,30(16):21-26
[21]项真,江文,解大等.风电并网系统稳态运行的研究[J].华东电力,2007,35(3):36-40
[22]张尧,王琴,宋文南等.树状网的潮流算法[J].中国电机工程学报,1998, 18(3):217-220
[23]陈琳,钟金,倪以信,甘德强,熊军,夏翔.含分布式发电的配电网无功优化[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(14): 20-24
[24]陈海焱,段献忠,陈金富.分布式发电对配网静态电压稳定性的影响[J].电网技术,2006, 30(19): 27-30
[25]郭力,王成山,王守相,胡玉峰,王兵,吴小辰.微型燃气轮机微网技术方案[J].电力系统自动化,2009, 33(9): 81-85
[26]王成山,王守相.分布式发电供能系统若干问题研究[J].电力系统自动化,2008, 32(20): 1-4
[27]龙晓慧,乐秀璠,罗栋梁.关于配电网开关优化配置问题的二进制PSO算法[J].电力学报,2007, 22(3): 319-335
[28]陈丽丽.改进的粒子群算法[J].计算机与数学工程,2009, 37(8): 33-35
[29]Naveen Jain,S.N.Singh,文福拴.分布式发电当前趋势与将来挑战[J].电力科学与技术学报,2008, 23(4): 53-61
[30]沙浩浩,杨天海.分布式风力发电技术分析及经济评估[J].华东电力,2009, 37(2): 300-302
[31]冯东青,李晓飞.基于光伏电池输出特性的MPPT算法研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2009, 30(17): 3925-3931
[32]朱选才,沈国桥,徐德鸿.5KW燃料电池分布式并网发电系统设计[J].电力电子技术,2009, 43(10): 24-26
[33]李国超,胡丽蓉,万桂华.燃料电池分布式发电技术及其战略意义[J].可再生能源,2009, 27(1): 112-114
[34]韩巧丽,田德,王海宽,赵丹平,乌云塔娜.浓缩风能型风力发电机改进模型流场与功率输出特性[J].农业工程学报,2009, 25(3): 93-97
[35]陈潼,赵荣祥.分布式发电用单向中小功率并网逆变器研制[J].电源技术应用,2005, 8(11):22-25
[36]贾凯舟.10KV集合式并联电容器的选择与应用[J].电网与清洁能源,2009, 25(4): 34-36
[37]沈东方,张华.10KV无功自动补偿装置的谐波放大分析[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2009, 30(1): 12-15
[38]易五毛.谐波对并联电容器组的影响极其对策[J].化学工程与装备,2009, (8): 108-109
[39]言宇,冯林桥,陈湘波.改进遗传算法的配电网无功优化[J].供用电,2006, 23(4): 46-48
[40]陆东生.配电网电压无功优化决策分析系统[J].供用电,2006, 23(4): 49-50
[41]宋军英,刘涤尘,陈允平.电力系统模糊无功优化的建模及算法[J].电网技术,2001, 25(3): 22-25
[42]丁明,王敏.分布式发电技术[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(7):31-36
[43] Kenji Iba,Optimal VAR Allocation by Genetic Algorithm, Proceeding of 1993 IEEE ANNPS Yokoyama.JaPan,163~168
[44]曼昆.经济学原理,人民大学出版社,1996
[45]刘健.倪建立,配电自动化系统,中国水利水电出版社,1999
[2]孙云莲.新能源与分布式发电技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2009
[3]刘宏,吴达成,杨志刚,翟永辉.家用太阳能光伏电源系统,北京:化学工业出版社,2007
[4]刘荣.自然能供电技术,北京:科学出版社,2000
[5]陈文斌.电力系统无功优化及电压调整,辽宁:辽宁科学技术出版社,2003
[6]苑舜,韩水.配电网无功优化及无功补偿装置,北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[7]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备,北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[8]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,王跃.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[9]李海燕.风力发电无功补偿技术及发展趋势[J].宁夏电力,2009, (4): 59-62
[10]杨维.粒子群算法综述[J].中国工程科学,2004,6(5):87~92
[11]陈金福,卢炎生.分布式电源技术在我国的应用探讨[J].水电能源科学,2005, (1): 12-15
[12]石嘉川,刘玉田..计及分布式发电的配电网多目标电压优化控制[J].电力系统自动化,2007, 31(13): 47-51
[13]王志群,朱守真,周双喜等.分布式发电对配电网电压分部的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2004, 28(16): 56-60
[14]王建,李兴源,邱晓燕.含有分布式发电装置的电力系统研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2005, 29(24): 90-97
[15]陈海焱,陈金富,段献忠.含有分布式电源的配电网潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2006, 30(1): 35-40
[16]何伟.分布式发电及新型配电网的发展[J].江西电力职业技术学院学报,2005,18(3): 43-44
[17]王成山,郑海峰,谢莹华,陈恺.计及分布式发电的配电系统随机潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(24):39-44
[18]赵宏伟,吴涛涛.基于分布式电源的微网技术[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2008,20(1):121-128
[19]Andres E Feijoo,Jose Cidras.Modeling of wind farm in the load flow analysis[J].IEEE transactions on power system.2000,15(1):110-ll 5
[20]WANG Chenshan,Maliki Guindo.Three-phase unbalanced radial distribution power flow analysis with wind farm considered [J].Automation of Electric Power System.2006,30(16):21-26
[21]项真,江文,解大等.风电并网系统稳态运行的研究[J].华东电力,2007,35(3):36-40
[22]张尧,王琴,宋文南等.树状网的潮流算法[J].中国电机工程学报,1998, 18(3):217-220
[23]陈琳,钟金,倪以信,甘德强,熊军,夏翔.含分布式发电的配电网无功优化[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(14): 20-24
[24]陈海焱,段献忠,陈金富.分布式发电对配网静态电压稳定性的影响[J].电网技术,2006, 30(19): 27-30
[25]郭力,王成山,王守相,胡玉峰,王兵,吴小辰.微型燃气轮机微网技术方案[J].电力系统自动化,2009, 33(9): 81-85
[26]王成山,王守相.分布式发电供能系统若干问题研究[J].电力系统自动化,2008, 32(20): 1-4
[27]龙晓慧,乐秀璠,罗栋梁.关于配电网开关优化配置问题的二进制PSO算法[J].电力学报,2007, 22(3): 319-335
[28]陈丽丽.改进的粒子群算法[J].计算机与数学工程,2009, 37(8): 33-35
[29]Naveen Jain,S.N.Singh,文福拴.分布式发电当前趋势与将来挑战[J].电力科学与技术学报,2008, 23(4): 53-61
[30]沙浩浩,杨天海.分布式风力发电技术分析及经济评估[J].华东电力,2009, 37(2): 300-302
[31]冯东青,李晓飞.基于光伏电池输出特性的MPPT算法研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2009, 30(17): 3925-3931
[32]朱选才,沈国桥,徐德鸿.5KW燃料电池分布式并网发电系统设计[J].电力电子技术,2009, 43(10): 24-26
[33]李国超,胡丽蓉,万桂华.燃料电池分布式发电技术及其战略意义[J].可再生能源,2009, 27(1): 112-114
[34]韩巧丽,田德,王海宽,赵丹平,乌云塔娜.浓缩风能型风力发电机改进模型流场与功率输出特性[J].农业工程学报,2009, 25(3): 93-97
[35]陈潼,赵荣祥.分布式发电用单向中小功率并网逆变器研制[J].电源技术应用,2005, 8(11):22-25
[36]贾凯舟.10KV集合式并联电容器的选择与应用[J].电网与清洁能源,2009, 25(4): 34-36
[37]沈东方,张华.10KV无功自动补偿装置的谐波放大分析[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2009, 30(1): 12-15
[38]易五毛.谐波对并联电容器组的影响极其对策[J].化学工程与装备,2009, (8): 108-109
[39]言宇,冯林桥,陈湘波.改进遗传算法的配电网无功优化[J].供用电,2006, 23(4): 46-48
[40]陆东生.配电网电压无功优化决策分析系统[J].供用电,2006, 23(4): 49-50
[41]宋军英,刘涤尘,陈允平.电力系统模糊无功优化的建模及算法[J].电网技术,2001, 25(3): 22-25
[42]丁明,王敏.分布式发电技术[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(7):31-36
[43] Kenji Iba,Optimal VAR Allocation by Genetic Algorithm, Proceeding of 1993 IEEE ANNPS Yokoyama.JaPan,163~168
[44]曼昆.经济学原理,人民大学出版社,1996
[45]刘健.倪建立,配电自动化系统,中国水利水电出版社,1999