深圳市中水回用潜力研究
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摘要
中水是指城市中各类污水经处理后达一定的水质标准,并在一定范围内重复使用的非饮用水。
中水回用是建设节水型城市和可持续发展城市的重要环节。对城市中水用途进行深入挖掘和拓展,以及与此密切相关的中水潜力分析已成为目前学术界和政府部门共同关注的焦点。
随着深圳市经济快速、持续、稳定发展,城市化进程的加快,城市规模扩大,城市人口迅速增长,城市水资源短缺与城市发展的矛盾加剧,水体污染严重,城市水资源“开源”成本和“治污”成本日益提高。而中水回用是解决这一问题的有效途径。
本文在对深圳市用水实际情况全面调研的基础上,详细分解了各类用水组成,深入挖掘了中水的回用领域,科学推算了各类用水的中水潜在回用率,计算出当前中水回用潜在回用量,提出了提高中水潜在回用率的具体措施,并结合灰色系统法进一步推算出近期和远期的中水回用潜在回用量。通过本文的研究分析,既可为深圳中水管线布局和中水工程设计规模的确定提供基础数据支持,也可为深圳建设成节水型城市提供技术保障。
本文的特点主要有三:一是结合深圳实际工业分布情况和城市特点,细致地分析、归纳了中水可能应用的领域,并对中水各种用途给出了科学的量化方法和总量估计,得出了科学、有效的潜力分析结论;二是基于对基准年中水回用潜力的分析,运用数学工具对未来中水回用潜力做出预测;三是基于深圳市的实际情况,分析了当前中水回用存在的问题及原因,并提出了提高中水回用的具体技术措施和管理措施,为中水回用事业的发展提供保障。
Reclaimed water is a kind of non-drinking water that comes from the treatment of all kinds of sewage in a city to reach certain water standard and then been reused within certain scope.
Reuse of reclaimed water is an important tache of constructing an water-saving and sustainable developing city. At present, excavating and expanding the application of reclaimed water and the closely related analysis of its reuse potention have become the focal points of both academic circle and government department.
With the fast, sustainable and stable development of Shenzhen’s economy, the rapid development of its urbanization process, the extendation of its scale and the rapid growth of its population, the infliction between the shortage of city’s water rescource and its development has become intensify. As the water body has been polluted seriously, the cost of both“increase drainage”of the water resource and treatment increased day by day. The reuse of reclaimed water is an effective way to solve this problem.
Based on the comprehensive survey of the actual water utilization situation in Shenzhen, this project decomposed the copositions of all kinds of water in details, excavated the reuse field of reclaimed water deeply and scientifically caculated the potential reuse rate of reclaimed water. Then it also calculate the reflux flow quantity and give out the concrete measures to increase the reuse rate.
This paper has three main characteristics: one is it gives detail analysis and conduction of the possible field for the reuse of reclaimed water based on the consideration of Shenzhen’s actual industrial distribution and its feture ; The second is it use mathematic tools to predict the future reclaimed water reuse potential after analyzing the datum year reuse potential. The third is based on the actual situation of Shenzhen city, it analyzed the problems in the present reclaimed water reuse and its resons, and also put forward the specific technical and management measures which provide guarantee to the development of reclaimed water reuse cause.
中水回用是建设节水型城市和可持续发展城市的重要环节。对城市中水用途进行深入挖掘和拓展,以及与此密切相关的中水潜力分析已成为目前学术界和政府部门共同关注的焦点。
随着深圳市经济快速、持续、稳定发展,城市化进程的加快,城市规模扩大,城市人口迅速增长,城市水资源短缺与城市发展的矛盾加剧,水体污染严重,城市水资源“开源”成本和“治污”成本日益提高。而中水回用是解决这一问题的有效途径。
本文在对深圳市用水实际情况全面调研的基础上,详细分解了各类用水组成,深入挖掘了中水的回用领域,科学推算了各类用水的中水潜在回用率,计算出当前中水回用潜在回用量,提出了提高中水潜在回用率的具体措施,并结合灰色系统法进一步推算出近期和远期的中水回用潜在回用量。通过本文的研究分析,既可为深圳中水管线布局和中水工程设计规模的确定提供基础数据支持,也可为深圳建设成节水型城市提供技术保障。
本文的特点主要有三:一是结合深圳实际工业分布情况和城市特点,细致地分析、归纳了中水可能应用的领域,并对中水各种用途给出了科学的量化方法和总量估计,得出了科学、有效的潜力分析结论;二是基于对基准年中水回用潜力的分析,运用数学工具对未来中水回用潜力做出预测;三是基于深圳市的实际情况,分析了当前中水回用存在的问题及原因,并提出了提高中水回用的具体技术措施和管理措施,为中水回用事业的发展提供保障。
Reclaimed water is a kind of non-drinking water that comes from the treatment of all kinds of sewage in a city to reach certain water standard and then been reused within certain scope.
Reuse of reclaimed water is an important tache of constructing an water-saving and sustainable developing city. At present, excavating and expanding the application of reclaimed water and the closely related analysis of its reuse potention have become the focal points of both academic circle and government department.
With the fast, sustainable and stable development of Shenzhen’s economy, the rapid development of its urbanization process, the extendation of its scale and the rapid growth of its population, the infliction between the shortage of city’s water rescource and its development has become intensify. As the water body has been polluted seriously, the cost of both“increase drainage”of the water resource and treatment increased day by day. The reuse of reclaimed water is an effective way to solve this problem.
Based on the comprehensive survey of the actual water utilization situation in Shenzhen, this project decomposed the copositions of all kinds of water in details, excavated the reuse field of reclaimed water deeply and scientifically caculated the potential reuse rate of reclaimed water. Then it also calculate the reflux flow quantity and give out the concrete measures to increase the reuse rate.
This paper has three main characteristics: one is it gives detail analysis and conduction of the possible field for the reuse of reclaimed water based on the consideration of Shenzhen’s actual industrial distribution and its feture ; The second is it use mathematic tools to predict the future reclaimed water reuse potential after analyzing the datum year reuse potential. The third is based on the actual situation of Shenzhen city, it analyzed the problems in the present reclaimed water reuse and its resons, and also put forward the specific technical and management measures which provide guarantee to the development of reclaimed water reuse cause.
引文
1朱杰,付永胜,朱松岭.污水回用—解决城市缺水危机的有效途径.水利开发研究. 2004, (7):30
2 Masashir Ogoshi, Yutaka Suzuki. Non-potable Urban Water Reuse-a Case of Japanese Water Recycling. Water. 2000, 21(6):27~30
3 Friedler, Eran. Water Reuse– an Integral Part of Water Resources Management: Israel as a Case Study. Water Policy.2001,3(1):29~39
4 B. Schoppmann. Reuse of Treated Wastewater. Water Protection. 2005(2):55
5 A. N. Angelakis, L. Bontoux. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse in Eureau Countries. Water Policy. 2001,(3):47~59
6吴俊森,李恒军.城市污水处理及再生利用.山东示范大学学报. 2005,20:69~71
7孙亚军.城市污水再生利用是实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径.给水排水,2004,30(1):108~111
8 Iacovow Papaiacovou. A Case-study-wastewater Reuse in Limassol as an Alternative Water Source. Desalination. 2001(6):38~39
9 E.Eriksson K. Auffarth, M. Henze, and A. Ledin, Urban Water,2002.4(1) :85~104.
10 King,K.W. and J.C. Balogh.2001.Water Quality Impacts Associated with Converting Farmland and Forests to Turfgrass.Transactions of ASAE. 44(3):569~576
11 M.Ernsta. An integrated Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Concept for The Olympic Park 2008, Beijing. Desalination. 202(2007) :293~301
12 CRD Greywater Reuse Study Final Report. November 1,2004
13 Odeh R.Al-Jayyousi. Grey Water Reuse: Towards Sustainable Water Management. Desalination 156(2003):181~192
14 Jan Gerston,Mark MacLeod and C.Allan Jones. Efficient Water Use for Texas:Policies,Tools,and Management Strategies. Industrial,Commercial and Institutional Water Conservation.2002(9):18~19
15周彤.污水回用决策与技术.化学工业出版社. 2002:7~24
16尹军,陈雷,王鹤立编著.城市污水的资源再生及热能回收利用.北京:化学工业出版社,2003.4:112
17 Sheree Mayo.Information on Greywater Reuse In Single Household Residential Premises. Environmental Health and Building Surveyor Murray Shire Council.Ph (03) 5482 1400.May 2007
18 Nurul Widiastuti,Hongwei Wu,Ming Ang,Dong-ke Zhang .The Potential Application of Natural Zeolite for Greywater Treatment,Des Alination 218 (2008):271~280
19 Dukes,M.D,Evans R.O,Gilliam,J.W. and Kunickis, S.H. Evaluating Drainage Design Parameters for Wastewater Irrigation Applications to Minimize Impact on Surface Waters.Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 1999,15(5):449~455
20 Miller, B.L, D.B. Parker, J.M. Sweeten,and C.Robinson. 2001. Response of Seven Crops and Two Soils to Application of Beef Cattle Feedyard Effluent. Transactions of The ASAE. 2002,44(2):309~315
21 Takashi Asano,Audrey D. Levine. Wastewater Reclaimation, Recycling and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future. 2004, (2):88~89
22王俊.中水回用现状及研究进展.广东化工.2006:8
23 Junying Chu, Jining Chen, Can Wang, Ping Fu. Wastewater Reuse Potential Analysis: Implications for Chinese Water Resources Management. Water Research 38 (2004) :2746~2756
24 Emaculate Madungwe, Saniso Sakuringwa.Greywater reuse: A Strategy for Water Demand Management in Harare Physics and Chemistry of The Earth 32 (2007) :1231~1236
25 Domestic Wastewater Management Series Reuse Options for Household Wasterwater
26邬扬善.日本中水发展概况、趋势及其运行机制分析.建筑给排水.2002, 28(2):60~64
27叶雯,刘美南.我国城市污水再生利用的现状与对策.中国给水排水, 2002,18 (12): 31~33
28雷乐成等.污水回用新技术及工程设计.北京:化学工业出版社.2002:85~95
29汪大翚,雷乐成.水处理新技术及工程设计.北京:化学工业出版社, 2001.5(317):85~95
30林跃勤.污水再生利用—城市节约用水的关键.科学决策.2005(11):19
31喻青,赵新华,秦琦,薛岩.中水回用及其应用研究.安徽农业科学.2006,34(12):2831~2833
32曹家刚.中水的回用[J].中国科技信息. 2005(24):137
33丛波,穆军.中水回用应用于工业中的方案综述.黑龙江水利科技. 2006,3:72~78
34陈小红.工业中水回用的可行性探讨.应用能源技术. 2006,4:33~36
35汤永健.中水回用综述.机电设备. 2007,2:29~31
36黄鹄,刘德峰,何强.深圳市城市污水资源化分析.给水排水.2004, 30(2):21~23
37王俊,肖波,魏群.中水回用现状及研究进展.广东化工.2006(8):32~34
38董文艺,王宏杰,刘军.深圳中水回用技术探索与示范.建设科技.2007(9):53~55
39贾秀明.唐山钢铁公司热轧浊环水回用处理试验研究,北京科技大学硕士学位论文.2007:1
40肖锦主编.城市污水处理及回用技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.5:53~54
41祁鲁梁,李永存.工业用水与节水管理知识问答.北京:中国石化出版社,2003:87
42严永红等.印染废水深度处理及回用技术的研究进展.工业水处理,2004(11):18
43贾洪斌等.印染废水深度治理及回用技术.印染, 2003, (4) :23~25
44北京市城市节约用水办公室.节水新技术与示范工程实例.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2004:175
45丁忠浩.废水资源化综合利用技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.1:261
46吴慧娟.推广绿色施工促进建筑业可持续发展,《中国建筑业发展论坛》
47黄强等.计算黄河干流生态环境需水Tennant法的改进及应用.水动力学研究与进展.2007. 11(6):774~781
48杨志峰,张远.河道生态环境需水研究方法比较.水动力学研究与进展, A辑,2003, 18(3):294~301
49徐志侠等.生态需水计算的蒙大拿法及其应用.水利水电技术.2003,34 (11) :15~17
50 DFID of The U K. Handbook for The Assessment of Catchment Water Demand and Use .Oxon:HR Wallingford ,2003:20~41
51刘俊良.城市节制用水规划原理与技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2003.4:86~87
52刘二敏,杨侃.灰色系统理论改进技术在城市生活需水预测中的应用.黑龙江水专学报.2007(1):19~21
53尹学康,韩德宏.城市需水量预测.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005:104~106
54廉士增等.平邑县城市生活用水灰色预测.山东水利.2005(4):30~31
2 Masashir Ogoshi, Yutaka Suzuki. Non-potable Urban Water Reuse-a Case of Japanese Water Recycling. Water. 2000, 21(6):27~30
3 Friedler, Eran. Water Reuse– an Integral Part of Water Resources Management: Israel as a Case Study. Water Policy.2001,3(1):29~39
4 B. Schoppmann. Reuse of Treated Wastewater. Water Protection. 2005(2):55
5 A. N. Angelakis, L. Bontoux. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse in Eureau Countries. Water Policy. 2001,(3):47~59
6吴俊森,李恒军.城市污水处理及再生利用.山东示范大学学报. 2005,20:69~71
7孙亚军.城市污水再生利用是实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径.给水排水,2004,30(1):108~111
8 Iacovow Papaiacovou. A Case-study-wastewater Reuse in Limassol as an Alternative Water Source. Desalination. 2001(6):38~39
9 E.Eriksson K. Auffarth, M. Henze, and A. Ledin, Urban Water,2002.4(1) :85~104.
10 King,K.W. and J.C. Balogh.2001.Water Quality Impacts Associated with Converting Farmland and Forests to Turfgrass.Transactions of ASAE. 44(3):569~576
11 M.Ernsta. An integrated Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Concept for The Olympic Park 2008, Beijing. Desalination. 202(2007) :293~301
12 CRD Greywater Reuse Study Final Report. November 1,2004
13 Odeh R.Al-Jayyousi. Grey Water Reuse: Towards Sustainable Water Management. Desalination 156(2003):181~192
14 Jan Gerston,Mark MacLeod and C.Allan Jones. Efficient Water Use for Texas:Policies,Tools,and Management Strategies. Industrial,Commercial and Institutional Water Conservation.2002(9):18~19
15周彤.污水回用决策与技术.化学工业出版社. 2002:7~24
16尹军,陈雷,王鹤立编著.城市污水的资源再生及热能回收利用.北京:化学工业出版社,2003.4:112
17 Sheree Mayo.Information on Greywater Reuse In Single Household Residential Premises. Environmental Health and Building Surveyor Murray Shire Council.Ph (03) 5482 1400.May 2007
18 Nurul Widiastuti,Hongwei Wu,Ming Ang,Dong-ke Zhang .The Potential Application of Natural Zeolite for Greywater Treatment,Des Alination 218 (2008):271~280
19 Dukes,M.D,Evans R.O,Gilliam,J.W. and Kunickis, S.H. Evaluating Drainage Design Parameters for Wastewater Irrigation Applications to Minimize Impact on Surface Waters.Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 1999,15(5):449~455
20 Miller, B.L, D.B. Parker, J.M. Sweeten,and C.Robinson. 2001. Response of Seven Crops and Two Soils to Application of Beef Cattle Feedyard Effluent. Transactions of The ASAE. 2002,44(2):309~315
21 Takashi Asano,Audrey D. Levine. Wastewater Reclaimation, Recycling and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future. 2004, (2):88~89
22王俊.中水回用现状及研究进展.广东化工.2006:8
23 Junying Chu, Jining Chen, Can Wang, Ping Fu. Wastewater Reuse Potential Analysis: Implications for Chinese Water Resources Management. Water Research 38 (2004) :2746~2756
24 Emaculate Madungwe, Saniso Sakuringwa.Greywater reuse: A Strategy for Water Demand Management in Harare Physics and Chemistry of The Earth 32 (2007) :1231~1236
25 Domestic Wastewater Management Series Reuse Options for Household Wasterwater
26邬扬善.日本中水发展概况、趋势及其运行机制分析.建筑给排水.2002, 28(2):60~64
27叶雯,刘美南.我国城市污水再生利用的现状与对策.中国给水排水, 2002,18 (12): 31~33
28雷乐成等.污水回用新技术及工程设计.北京:化学工业出版社.2002:85~95
29汪大翚,雷乐成.水处理新技术及工程设计.北京:化学工业出版社, 2001.5(317):85~95
30林跃勤.污水再生利用—城市节约用水的关键.科学决策.2005(11):19
31喻青,赵新华,秦琦,薛岩.中水回用及其应用研究.安徽农业科学.2006,34(12):2831~2833
32曹家刚.中水的回用[J].中国科技信息. 2005(24):137
33丛波,穆军.中水回用应用于工业中的方案综述.黑龙江水利科技. 2006,3:72~78
34陈小红.工业中水回用的可行性探讨.应用能源技术. 2006,4:33~36
35汤永健.中水回用综述.机电设备. 2007,2:29~31
36黄鹄,刘德峰,何强.深圳市城市污水资源化分析.给水排水.2004, 30(2):21~23
37王俊,肖波,魏群.中水回用现状及研究进展.广东化工.2006(8):32~34
38董文艺,王宏杰,刘军.深圳中水回用技术探索与示范.建设科技.2007(9):53~55
39贾秀明.唐山钢铁公司热轧浊环水回用处理试验研究,北京科技大学硕士学位论文.2007:1
40肖锦主编.城市污水处理及回用技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.5:53~54
41祁鲁梁,李永存.工业用水与节水管理知识问答.北京:中国石化出版社,2003:87
42严永红等.印染废水深度处理及回用技术的研究进展.工业水处理,2004(11):18
43贾洪斌等.印染废水深度治理及回用技术.印染, 2003, (4) :23~25
44北京市城市节约用水办公室.节水新技术与示范工程实例.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2004:175
45丁忠浩.废水资源化综合利用技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.1:261
46吴慧娟.推广绿色施工促进建筑业可持续发展,《中国建筑业发展论坛》
47黄强等.计算黄河干流生态环境需水Tennant法的改进及应用.水动力学研究与进展.2007. 11(6):774~781
48杨志峰,张远.河道生态环境需水研究方法比较.水动力学研究与进展, A辑,2003, 18(3):294~301
49徐志侠等.生态需水计算的蒙大拿法及其应用.水利水电技术.2003,34 (11) :15~17
50 DFID of The U K. Handbook for The Assessment of Catchment Water Demand and Use .Oxon:HR Wallingford ,2003:20~41
51刘俊良.城市节制用水规划原理与技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2003.4:86~87
52刘二敏,杨侃.灰色系统理论改进技术在城市生活需水预测中的应用.黑龙江水专学报.2007(1):19~21
53尹学康,韩德宏.城市需水量预测.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005:104~106
54廉士增等.平邑县城市生活用水灰色预测.山东水利.2005(4):30~31
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