鹿源BVDV分离鉴定、E_0基因的克隆与表达及免疫原性研究
|
摘要
1 从吉林省长春市双阳区梅花鹿流产胎儿肝脏病料中分离出的病毒,接种于MDBK传代细胞后出现了BVDV典型而规律的细胞病变,其理化特性与BVDV相同,致细胞病变作用可被BVDV国际标准株C_(24)V株的牛阳性血清所阻断,电镜负染观察病料接种MDBK细胞的F_1代浓缩病毒液,可见典型的BVDV粒子形态,从F_1代浓缩病毒液中分别扩增出402bp(NS_(2-3))和706bp(E_0)的目的片段,证明该毒株是BVDV,命名为CCSYD株。
2 对从吉林不同地区分离的4株(CCSYD株,CCJYD株、CCKCD株、JLCYD株)BVDV的NS_(2-3)基因外源序列插入区进行了RT-PCR扩增、克隆和测序,并与BVDV其他株进行了同源性分析,CCSYD株属基因Ⅰb亚型,CCJYD株、CCKCD株、JLCYD株属待定基因型。
3 将CCSYD株BVDV的E_0基因RT-PCR扩增目的片段进行了克隆和测序,将其与已报道的瘟病毒代表株相应序列做了比较,预测了E_0蛋白的抗原表位、亲水性和等电点等。以E_0基因为判定依据,CCSYD分离株也为基因Ⅰb亚型,E_0基因的核苷酸序列可做为BVDV基因分型的依据。
4 成功构建了原核表达质粒pET28a/E_0,重组菌在IPTG诱导下能表达目的蛋白,其含量占菌体总蛋白的9.25%。
5 成功构建了真核表达质粒PAX1/E_0,并用脂质体转染BHK-21细胞,RT-PCR法检测到E_0目的基因在BHK-21细胞进行了转录,间接ELISA法检测到已表达目的蛋白。
6 用梅花鹿源BVDV基因苗(PVAX1/E_0)不同免疫剂量和免疫次数免疫家兔,既可产生体液免疫又可产生细胞免疫应答。基因苗高剂量组比低剂量组体液免疫应答水平和细胞免疫应答水平高,基因苗免疫次数对体液免疫应答水平和细胞免疫应答均无影响。免疫的第42天基因苗免疫组抗体水平达到高峰,基因苗免疫组(免疫剂量1mg/ml以上)BVDV抗体应答水平高于CCSYD灭活苗和C_(24)V灭活苗免疫组,但免疫家兔的28天以前的结果则相反;免疫家兔产生的细胞免疫应答水平基因苗组均低于CCSYD灭活苗和C_(24)V灭活苗免疫组。
7 采用组织细胞培养方法,测试了利巴韦林、黄芪、鱼腥草、干扰素a2b、莪术油、双黄连粉针剂在MDBK细胞体外培养中的最大安全浓度(最低稀释度)分别为(2~(14))、(2~5)、(2~8)、(2~5)、(2~7)、(2~7)。药物抗梅花鹿源BVDV作用由强到弱的顺序:莪术油、鱼腥草、黄芪、干扰素、利巴韦林、双黄连。
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (CCSYD strain) of sika was isolated and identified in this study. BVDV NS_(2-3) genes of CCSYD strain and three isolated BVDV strains (CCTYD, CCKCD and JLCYD) were cloned and sequenced and E_0 gene of isolated CCSYD strain was cloned, sequenced and expressed on eukaryote and prokaryote. The immunogenicity of isolated CCSYD genetic vaccine was tested. Medicine sensitivity of CCSYD isolated from BVDV was selected. The results were shown as follows:1 The virus isolated from liver of an aborted fetus of sika in Shuangyang district of Changchun in Jilin province was identified systematically. The results showed that when the virus was inoculated to MDBK cell line, presented itself classical and regular CPE of BVDV and its physicochemical assays is the same as BVDV. CPE can be blocked by positive serum of BVDV international standard C_(24)V strain. Classical BVDV particles were observed by negative staining electron microscope assays in F_1 compressed viral fluid inoculated by MDBK cell. 402bp(NS_(2-3)) and 706bp(E_0) of F_1 viral fluid was amplified by RT-PCR. All the above results proved this virus was BVDV and was designated CCSYD.2 Exogenous sequence insertion domain of NS_(2-3) of CCSYD, CCTYD, CCKCD and JLCYD isolated from different districts of Jilin province was amplified by using RT-PCR. The fragment was transformed into JM-109 after connecting to pMD18-T, thus, recombinated cloning plasmid pMD18-T/NS_(2-3) was established and sequenced, tested for nucleus acid sequence, therefore, amino acid sequence was inferred and compared. The results showed homeology of nucleotide sequence of CCSYD NS2-3 compared with those of other strains were VEDEVAC 100%, 184 99.3%, H 96.6%, ZM95 98%, OSLOSS 94.9%, Draper 92.6%, ILLC 92.4%, SNC 91.1%, YAK 82.3%, D 83.0%, 3142 84.8%, 3387 84.3%, C_(24)V 83.2%, NADL 83.4%, SD1 83%, Singer 82.8%, 06-APR-1993 77.0%, NY-1 75.8%, CCKCD 42.3%, CCJYD 42.3%, JLCYD 42.5%, respectively. Compared with other strains, the nucleotide sequence homeology of NS_(2-3) of CCSYD were VEDEVAC 100 %, 184 99.4%, H 94.5%, ZM95 95.7%, OSLOSS 93.3%, Draper 93.9%, ILLC 93.3%,SNC 92.0%, YAK 88.3 %, D 90.2%, 3142 92.0%,3887 89.0 %, C_(24)V 86.5%, NADL 88.3 %, SD1 90.8%, Singer 87.1%, 06-apr-1993 82.8% NY-1 72.4%, CCKCD 28.2%, CCJYD 28.2%, JLCYD 28.2%, respectively. The CCSYD strain has no exogenous sequence insertion, gene recombination, gene rearrangement and gene deficiency, however, some nucleotide sequences and amino
acid sequences were replaced. The other three strains existed exogenous sequence insertion and gene rearrangement. The results indicated that BVDV CPE not only related to exogenous sequence insertion, gene recombination, gene arrangement, gene deficiency but also related to nucleotide replacement. CCSYD gene belongs to subtype Ib. CCJYD, CCKCD, JLYD belong to some unknown gene types.3 Eo gene of CCSYD strain isolated from the liver of an aborted fetus of sika was amplified utilizing RT-PCR. The fragment was transformed into JM-109 after connecting to pMD18-T, thus, recombinated cloning plasmid pMD18-T/ Eowas established and sequenced. The antigen epiposition, hydrophilicity and the isoelectric point of Eo were predicted by comparetion with the pestvirus sequences reported previously. The results showed that the CCSYD isolated strain was 681bp, which compared with 9 strains BVDV (VEDEVAC, Bega, C24V ILLC, NADL, OSLOSS,R1935, SD-1,Y546), 7 strains hog choler virus (ALD, Brescia, C, GPE, JL, LN9912,SM) and 3 strains border disease virus (BD31, C413, BDVX 818) the homeology of nucleotides sequences were 98.6%-84.8%, 76.1%-74.7%, 77.0%-76.7%, respectively; The homeology of amino acid sequences were 98.7%-91.6%, 79.9%-78.3%, 83.9%-80.6%, respectively. The isoelactric points of Eo protein of CCSYD were 7.61, the electronic charge was 1.99 at pH=7. The higher domain of antigenicity exponent and hydrophilicity peak value were 8-16, 23-29, 59-67, 70-81, 96-109, 114-122, 127-134, 137-143, 165-172, 186-198, 213-221. In accordance with determinant reference of Eo gene sequence, the CCSYD strain also belongs to the subtype I b. Eo gene also can acted as subtype basis of BVDV gene.4 pMD18-T/Eo cloning plasmid was cut at BmH 1 and Xho 1 for Eogene. Then, Eogene was sub-cloned to pET28a at the same enzymes cut point to establish prokaryotic expressed plasmid pET28a/E0. The plasmid was transplanted into Eoli BL21 (DE3), which was identified with enzymes cut and PCR and the positive germ was conducted for IPTG induced expression. The result showed that prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a/Eo was established successfully. While induced by IPTG, the recombinant germ could express aiming protein that accounts for 9.25% of the total germ protein.5 pMD18-T/E0 cloning plasmid was cut by BmH 1 and Xhol to obtain Eogene. Then, Eogene was sub-cloned into cloning vector pVAXl in the same enzyme cut point. Eukaryote expressed plasmid pVAXl/Eo was established and expressed by vesicle transinfection BHK-21. The result showed that the aiming gene was translated in BHK-21 cell, which
tested by RT-PCR. Indirect ELISA test indicated that eukaryote-expressed plasmid PAX1/EO could express aiming protein in vitro eukaryote cell.6 Gene vaccine of sika BVDV immunes rabbit in different doses and different times, the antibody response level was tested by indirect ELISA and cell immune response was tested by transformation test of lymphocytes and compared with the isolated strain and C24V of BVDV. The results showed that gene vaccine of sika BVDV produce not only cell immunity but also humoral immunity. The high dose group had the higher level of humoral immunity and cell immunity than the lower doses group. The times of immunity had no effect on both cell immunity and humoral immunity. Gene vaccine (immunity dosage >lmg/ml) produced the antibody level reached the peak serum titre in day 42 and immunity response of gene vaccine group is higher than inactive vaccine CCSYD and C24V, but it had the opposite result before 28th day. The cell immunity response of gene vaccine was lower than inactive vaccine (CCSYD, C24V).7 The maximum security concentration of ribavirin, astragalus membranaceus, herbal bouttuyniac, interferon, curcumae, rhizoma coptidis were tested in MDBK cell that was cultured in vitro by utilizing tissue and cell cultivation. Moreover, the effect of the 6 medicines to MDBK cell infected by BVDV was tested, and the sensibility medication of BVDV was selected. The results showed that the maximum security concentration (lowest degree of dilution) of all kinds medicines to MDBK cell undamaged were: ribavirin(214), astragalus membranaceus(23), herbal houttuyniac(28), interferon(25), curcumae(2 ), rhizoma coptidis(27), respectively. The degree of three anti-BVDV medicine methods is: curcumae>herbal houttuyniac> astragalus membranaceus>interferon>ribavirin> rhizoma coptidis.
2 对从吉林不同地区分离的4株(CCSYD株,CCJYD株、CCKCD株、JLCYD株)BVDV的NS_(2-3)基因外源序列插入区进行了RT-PCR扩增、克隆和测序,并与BVDV其他株进行了同源性分析,CCSYD株属基因Ⅰb亚型,CCJYD株、CCKCD株、JLCYD株属待定基因型。
3 将CCSYD株BVDV的E_0基因RT-PCR扩增目的片段进行了克隆和测序,将其与已报道的瘟病毒代表株相应序列做了比较,预测了E_0蛋白的抗原表位、亲水性和等电点等。以E_0基因为判定依据,CCSYD分离株也为基因Ⅰb亚型,E_0基因的核苷酸序列可做为BVDV基因分型的依据。
4 成功构建了原核表达质粒pET28a/E_0,重组菌在IPTG诱导下能表达目的蛋白,其含量占菌体总蛋白的9.25%。
5 成功构建了真核表达质粒PAX1/E_0,并用脂质体转染BHK-21细胞,RT-PCR法检测到E_0目的基因在BHK-21细胞进行了转录,间接ELISA法检测到已表达目的蛋白。
6 用梅花鹿源BVDV基因苗(PVAX1/E_0)不同免疫剂量和免疫次数免疫家兔,既可产生体液免疫又可产生细胞免疫应答。基因苗高剂量组比低剂量组体液免疫应答水平和细胞免疫应答水平高,基因苗免疫次数对体液免疫应答水平和细胞免疫应答均无影响。免疫的第42天基因苗免疫组抗体水平达到高峰,基因苗免疫组(免疫剂量1mg/ml以上)BVDV抗体应答水平高于CCSYD灭活苗和C_(24)V灭活苗免疫组,但免疫家兔的28天以前的结果则相反;免疫家兔产生的细胞免疫应答水平基因苗组均低于CCSYD灭活苗和C_(24)V灭活苗免疫组。
7 采用组织细胞培养方法,测试了利巴韦林、黄芪、鱼腥草、干扰素a2b、莪术油、双黄连粉针剂在MDBK细胞体外培养中的最大安全浓度(最低稀释度)分别为(2~(14))、(2~5)、(2~8)、(2~5)、(2~7)、(2~7)。药物抗梅花鹿源BVDV作用由强到弱的顺序:莪术油、鱼腥草、黄芪、干扰素、利巴韦林、双黄连。
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (CCSYD strain) of sika was isolated and identified in this study. BVDV NS_(2-3) genes of CCSYD strain and three isolated BVDV strains (CCTYD, CCKCD and JLCYD) were cloned and sequenced and E_0 gene of isolated CCSYD strain was cloned, sequenced and expressed on eukaryote and prokaryote. The immunogenicity of isolated CCSYD genetic vaccine was tested. Medicine sensitivity of CCSYD isolated from BVDV was selected. The results were shown as follows:1 The virus isolated from liver of an aborted fetus of sika in Shuangyang district of Changchun in Jilin province was identified systematically. The results showed that when the virus was inoculated to MDBK cell line, presented itself classical and regular CPE of BVDV and its physicochemical assays is the same as BVDV. CPE can be blocked by positive serum of BVDV international standard C_(24)V strain. Classical BVDV particles were observed by negative staining electron microscope assays in F_1 compressed viral fluid inoculated by MDBK cell. 402bp(NS_(2-3)) and 706bp(E_0) of F_1 viral fluid was amplified by RT-PCR. All the above results proved this virus was BVDV and was designated CCSYD.2 Exogenous sequence insertion domain of NS_(2-3) of CCSYD, CCTYD, CCKCD and JLCYD isolated from different districts of Jilin province was amplified by using RT-PCR. The fragment was transformed into JM-109 after connecting to pMD18-T, thus, recombinated cloning plasmid pMD18-T/NS_(2-3) was established and sequenced, tested for nucleus acid sequence, therefore, amino acid sequence was inferred and compared. The results showed homeology of nucleotide sequence of CCSYD NS2-3 compared with those of other strains were VEDEVAC 100%, 184 99.3%, H 96.6%, ZM95 98%, OSLOSS 94.9%, Draper 92.6%, ILLC 92.4%, SNC 91.1%, YAK 82.3%, D 83.0%, 3142 84.8%, 3387 84.3%, C_(24)V 83.2%, NADL 83.4%, SD1 83%, Singer 82.8%, 06-APR-1993 77.0%, NY-1 75.8%, CCKCD 42.3%, CCJYD 42.3%, JLCYD 42.5%, respectively. Compared with other strains, the nucleotide sequence homeology of NS_(2-3) of CCSYD were VEDEVAC 100 %, 184 99.4%, H 94.5%, ZM95 95.7%, OSLOSS 93.3%, Draper 93.9%, ILLC 93.3%,SNC 92.0%, YAK 88.3 %, D 90.2%, 3142 92.0%,3887 89.0 %, C_(24)V 86.5%, NADL 88.3 %, SD1 90.8%, Singer 87.1%, 06-apr-1993 82.8% NY-1 72.4%, CCKCD 28.2%, CCJYD 28.2%, JLCYD 28.2%, respectively. The CCSYD strain has no exogenous sequence insertion, gene recombination, gene rearrangement and gene deficiency, however, some nucleotide sequences and amino
acid sequences were replaced. The other three strains existed exogenous sequence insertion and gene rearrangement. The results indicated that BVDV CPE not only related to exogenous sequence insertion, gene recombination, gene arrangement, gene deficiency but also related to nucleotide replacement. CCSYD gene belongs to subtype Ib. CCJYD, CCKCD, JLYD belong to some unknown gene types.3 Eo gene of CCSYD strain isolated from the liver of an aborted fetus of sika was amplified utilizing RT-PCR. The fragment was transformed into JM-109 after connecting to pMD18-T, thus, recombinated cloning plasmid pMD18-T/ Eowas established and sequenced. The antigen epiposition, hydrophilicity and the isoelectric point of Eo were predicted by comparetion with the pestvirus sequences reported previously. The results showed that the CCSYD isolated strain was 681bp, which compared with 9 strains BVDV (VEDEVAC, Bega, C24V ILLC, NADL, OSLOSS,R1935, SD-1,Y546), 7 strains hog choler virus (ALD, Brescia, C, GPE, JL, LN9912,SM) and 3 strains border disease virus (BD31, C413, BDVX 818) the homeology of nucleotides sequences were 98.6%-84.8%, 76.1%-74.7%, 77.0%-76.7%, respectively; The homeology of amino acid sequences were 98.7%-91.6%, 79.9%-78.3%, 83.9%-80.6%, respectively. The isoelactric points of Eo protein of CCSYD were 7.61, the electronic charge was 1.99 at pH=7. The higher domain of antigenicity exponent and hydrophilicity peak value were 8-16, 23-29, 59-67, 70-81, 96-109, 114-122, 127-134, 137-143, 165-172, 186-198, 213-221. In accordance with determinant reference of Eo gene sequence, the CCSYD strain also belongs to the subtype I b. Eo gene also can acted as subtype basis of BVDV gene.4 pMD18-T/Eo cloning plasmid was cut at BmH 1 and Xho 1 for Eogene. Then, Eogene was sub-cloned to pET28a at the same enzymes cut point to establish prokaryotic expressed plasmid pET28a/E0. The plasmid was transplanted into Eoli BL21 (DE3), which was identified with enzymes cut and PCR and the positive germ was conducted for IPTG induced expression. The result showed that prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a/Eo was established successfully. While induced by IPTG, the recombinant germ could express aiming protein that accounts for 9.25% of the total germ protein.5 pMD18-T/E0 cloning plasmid was cut by BmH 1 and Xhol to obtain Eogene. Then, Eogene was sub-cloned into cloning vector pVAXl in the same enzyme cut point. Eukaryote expressed plasmid pVAXl/Eo was established and expressed by vesicle transinfection BHK-21. The result showed that the aiming gene was translated in BHK-21 cell, which
tested by RT-PCR. Indirect ELISA test indicated that eukaryote-expressed plasmid PAX1/EO could express aiming protein in vitro eukaryote cell.6 Gene vaccine of sika BVDV immunes rabbit in different doses and different times, the antibody response level was tested by indirect ELISA and cell immune response was tested by transformation test of lymphocytes and compared with the isolated strain and C24V of BVDV. The results showed that gene vaccine of sika BVDV produce not only cell immunity but also humoral immunity. The high dose group had the higher level of humoral immunity and cell immunity than the lower doses group. The times of immunity had no effect on both cell immunity and humoral immunity. Gene vaccine (immunity dosage >lmg/ml) produced the antibody level reached the peak serum titre in day 42 and immunity response of gene vaccine group is higher than inactive vaccine CCSYD and C24V, but it had the opposite result before 28th day. The cell immunity response of gene vaccine was lower than inactive vaccine (CCSYD, C24V).7 The maximum security concentration of ribavirin, astragalus membranaceus, herbal bouttuyniac, interferon, curcumae, rhizoma coptidis were tested in MDBK cell that was cultured in vitro by utilizing tissue and cell cultivation. Moreover, the effect of the 6 medicines to MDBK cell infected by BVDV was tested, and the sensibility medication of BVDV was selected. The results showed that the maximum security concentration (lowest degree of dilution) of all kinds medicines to MDBK cell undamaged were: ribavirin(214), astragalus membranaceus(23), herbal houttuyniac(28), interferon(25), curcumae(2 ), rhizoma coptidis(27), respectively. The degree of three anti-BVDV medicine methods is: curcumae>herbal houttuyniac> astragalus membranaceus>interferon>ribavirin> rhizoma coptidis.
引文
[1] Wengler G. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifth RePort of the Intemational Committee on Taxonomy of Vruses, 1991, Beilin:SPringer-Verlag.
[2] Underdahl N R, Crace O D, Hoerlein A B. Cultivation in tissue cultrue of cytoPathyogenic agent from bovine mucosal disease. [J].Proc See EXP Biol Med, 1957, 94:795-797
[3] Lee K M, GillesPie J H. ProPagation of virus of cattle in tissue culture, in tissue culture. Ann [J]. Vet Res, 1957,18:952-953
[4] Weiland E, Ahl R Stark R et al.A second envelope glycoProtein mediates neutralization of a Pestivirus hog cholera vlrus [J]. Vrol,1992,66:3677-3682
[5] 殷震,刘景华主编,动物病毒学第二版[M].北京:科学技术出版社1997.645-649.
[6] 陈家璞主编,乳牛疾病学[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:50-58.
[7] 胡祥壁编,家畜传染病[M].北京:农业出版社,1988:719-727.
[8] France R I B. Classification and nomendature of viruses [J] Arch viral.1991;51:228
[9] Huslt M M. GlycoProteim E2 of CSFV:exPression in insect cells cord identification as aribonuclease [J] virol, 1994;(200):558-560
[10] 李维东,关于猪瘟的最新知识[J].畜禽传染病1993.13(3):1-4
[11] 娄高明.瘟现毒属病毒的性质[J].畜禽传染病,1991.11(3):4-6
[12] Deng R, Brock K V. Molecular cloning and nucleotide Sequence of Pestivirus genome. nocytopathic, bovine viral diarrhea Virus strain SD-I[J]. Virology. 1992; 191: 867-879
[13] Collett M S, LarsonR, Gold C, et al.Molecular cloning and nacleotide Sequence of the Pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus. [J].virol, 1998,165:191-199
[14] De Morelooze L, Lecomte C, Brown-Shimmer S, et al. Nucheotide Sequence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus ostoss strain: comparison with related Viruses and identification of Specifec DNA Proves in the 5′ untranslated region [J]. Gen Virol, 1993.74:1433-1438
[15] Brock k V, Deng R, RibletS, M. Nuclotide Sequencing of 5′and 3′termini of bovine viral diarrhea Virus by RNA ligation and PCR[J] Virol meth. 1992,38:39-46
[16] Ridpath J F, Bolin S R, katz J. Comparison of nucleic acid amplication using conserved Sequences from the 5′noncoding region for detection of bovine viral diarrhea Virus[J].clin Microbiol, 1993.31:986-989
[17] Qi Fx, Ridpath J F, Lewis T, et al. Analysis of the bovine Viral diarrhea Virus genome for possible cellular insertions [J].virol 1992.189:285-292
[18]Haiying yu, Olfaisken, claus W, Grassmann et al. A stem-loop Motif by the Immediate 5 Terminus of the Bovine viral Diarrhea virus Genome Modulates Translation as well as Replication of the viral RNA [J]. Virol 2000.74(13):5825-5835
[19]Poole T L, Wang. Pestivirus in cells infected with bovine Viral diarrhea Virus. [J]. Gen virol.2001.82(11)2597-2605
[20]Paul Becher Michaela orlich.Alexandra kosmidou. Matthias konig, Martina Baroth, and Heinz-Jurgen Thiel. Genetic Diversity of Pestiviruses: Identification of Novel Groups and I raplications for classification. [J]. virology(1999)262. 64-71
[21]A Wolfmeyer,G Wolf,M Beer, et al. Genoraic(5'UTR)and Serological differences among German BVDV field isolates [J].Arch Virol(1997)142:2049-2057
[22]J F Ridpath, S R Bolin and E J. Dubovit. Segregation of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus into Genotypes. [J].Virology (1994)205. 66-74
[23]Beate M,kummerer, Norbert Tautz, et al. The genetic basis for cytopathogenicity of Pestiviruses. [J]. Veterinary Microbiology 2000. 77.117-128
[24]Ramiro Avalos-Ramirez, Michaela orlich, Heinz-Jurgen Thiel, et al .Evidence for the Presence of TWO Novel Pestivirus species. [J].Virology 2001.286.456-465
[25]S Vilcek, D J Paton, B. Durkovic et al. Bovine Viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 can be separated into at least eleven genetic groups [J].Arch Virol 2001 146:99-115
[26]J F Ridpath, J D Neill, M Frey, J G Landgraf. Phylogenetic, antigenic and clinical characterization of type z BVDV from North America. [J].Veter-inary Microbiology 2000.77, 145-155
[27]M Nagai T S, Sugita A, Genno K, et al. Gen omic and serological diversity of bovine Viral diarrhea Virus in Japan. [J].Arch Virol 2001 146:685-696
[28]Cletellier P, Kerkhofs G, Wellemans E, Vanopdenbosch Detection and genotyping of bovine diarrhea birus by reverse transcription-Polymerase chain amplification of the 5' untranslated region. [J]. Veterinary microbiology 1999,64:155-167
[29]Collett M S. Molecular genetics of Pestiviruses [J].Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis,1992,15:145-154
[30]Meyers G,Tantz N. stark R, et al. Rearrangement of viral sequences in cytopathogenic Pestiviruses. [J].Virol.1992.191:368-386
[31]Collett M S, Wiskerchen M, Welniak E, et al bovine viral diarrhea virus genomic organization [J].Arch virol.1991,13:19-27
[32]Grummer, Beerm, Liebler- Tenorio E. Localization of proteins in cells infected with bovine Viral diarrhea Virus [J].Gen virol. 2001. 82(11):2597-2605
[33]Liebler- Tenorio E M. Distribution of Viral antigen and development of lesions a experimental infection of calves with a z strain of 1 virulence[J]. vet Diagn Invest 2002 15(3):221-232
[34] Broch K V, Deng R, Riblet S. Nucleotide Sequence of 5' and 3' ter mini of BVDV by RNA ligation and PCR. [J].virol Method,1992.38:39-46
[35]Poole T L, Wang C, Popp R A, et al. pestivirus translation intitiation occurs by internal ribosomt entry. [J]. virol. 1995,206:750-754
[36]Haiying Yu, claus W, Grassmann et al. Sequence and structural at the 3' Terminue of Bovine Diarrhea Viral virus Genomic RNA:Functional Role during RNA Replication [J].Virol May1999, 73(5)3638-3648
[37] Wisker chen M, Belzer S K, Collett M S.Pestivirus gene expression:the first Protein Product of the bovine viral diarrhea virus large open readind frome p20 possesses Poteolytic activity. [J].virol.1991, 65:4508- 4514
[38]Thiel H J, stark R, Weiland T, et al. Hog cholera virus:molecular composition of virion from a pestivius. [J].Virol.1991,65:4705-4712
[39]Warrener P,Collett M S. Pestivirus NS3(P_80) Protein Possesses RNA helicase activity [J].Virol, 1995:69(3)1720-1726
[40] Hulst M, Westra D F, wensvoort G, et al. Glycopyotein. E_1 of HCV expressed in insect cells Protects swine from hog clolera [J].Virol. 1993;67:5435-5442
[41]Rumenapf T,Unger G, strauss J H, et al. Processing of the envelop glycoproteins of the envelop glycoproteins of the pestiviruses. [J]. virol, 1993, 67 3288-3294
[42] Schneider R, linger G, stark R et al. Identification of a structural glycoprotein of an RNA Virus as ribonuclease [J].sci,1993, 261:1169-1171
[43]Rumenapf T, stark K, meyer G, et al. structural proteins of Hog cholera virus expressed by vaccinia virus:father chracterization and induction of Protective immunity [J]. Virol, 1991.65(2)589-597
[44] Schneider R, Unger G, stark R et al. Identification of a structural glycoprotein of an RNA Virus as ribonuclease. [J].Sci 1993.261:1169-1171
[45]Weiland E, stark K, Haas B, et al. Pestivirus glycoprotein which induces neutralizing aktibodies forms part of a disultidelinded heterodimer [J]. Virol, 1990, 64:3563-3569
[46]Akkina R K,Pextivirus bovine Viral diarrhea vivus alternative cleavage Pathways. [J].Virus Res 1991,19:67-82
[47] Greisis, Wilke I,Dittmar K E,Liess B. Heterogeneous expression of the nonstructural protein P80/P125 in cells infected with different pestiviruses [J].Gen Virol,1992:73:47-52
[48]Yu M, Gould A R, Morrissy C J, et al.High level expression of the envelope glycoprotein(E_2)of bovine viral diarrhea virus and its Potential use as diagnostic reagent. [J].Virus Res,1994.34:178-186
[49]Donis R O, Corapi W V, Dubovi E J. Bovineviral diarrhea virus Proteins and their antigenic analysis [J]. Arch virol. 1991, 13:29-40
[50]Donis R O, corapi W,Dubovi E J,Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to bovine diarrhea Virus bind to the 56k to 58k glycopotein, [J]. Gen Virol 1988,69:77-86
[51]Chang-Hee Kweon, Bovine herpes expressing envelope protein E_2 of bovine viral dliarrhea Virus as a candidate, [J].Vet med sci 1999:365-401
[52]Knut Elbers, Norbert Tautz, Paul Becher, et al. Processing in the pestivirus E_2-NS_2 Region:Identification of proteins P_7 and E_2P_7 [J].Virology 70(6)4131-4135
[53]DeMoerlooze, Renard A, Lecomte C. A "zinc-finger-like" domine in the 54KD Protein of Pestiviruses [J].Arch Virol.1991:3:41-46
[54] DemeerloozeL, Desport M, Renard A. The coding region for the 45KD Protein of several pestiviruses lacks host insertions but reveals a "zink-finger-like" domine.[J].Virology. 1990:177:812
[55] Stefan Vilcek, Irene Greiser-wilke, Peter Nettleton, et al. Paton cellular insertions in the NS_23genome region of cytopathogen etic bovine viral diarrhoea virus. [J]. Veterinary Microbiology77(2000)129-136
[56]Qi Fx, Ridpath J F, Lewis T, et al.Analysis of the bovine viral diarrhea virus gen ome for possible cellular insertions. [J]. virol. 1992. 189:285-292
[57]Greiset-wilke I,Jaas L,Dittmar k, et al RNA insertions and gen duplications in the nonstructural protein P_125 region of pestivirus. strains and isolated in vitro and in vivo. [J].virol. 1993. 193:977-980
[58]Gregor Meyers, Dieter stoll. Michael Gunn Insertion of a sequence. Encoding Light chain of microtuble-Associated Proteins 1A and 1Bin A Pestiviras Genome :connection with Virus cytopathogenicity and Induction of Lethal Disease in cattle [J]. Virol. May 1998.72(5)4139-4148
[59] Marring Baroth, Michaela orlich, Heinz-Jurgen Thiel et al. Insertion of cellular NEDD8 Codind Sequence in a Pestivirus [J].virology 2000.278 456-466
[60] Meyers G, Tautz N. cytopathogenicity correlated, with integration of ubiquitin-coding sequences. [J].virol. 1991:180:602-616
[61] Tautz N, Thiel H. Pathogenesis of mucosal disease:a cytopathogenic pestivirus generated by an interal deletion. [J] Virol. 1994.68:3289-3299
[62] Jian Xu,Ernesto Mendez, Paul R, Caron et al.Bovine Viral Diarrhea VirusNS_B serine proteinase polyprotein cleavage sites, cofactor Requirements, and Molecular Model of an Enzyme Essential for pestivirus Replication [J].Virol. 1997.71(7) 5312-5322
[63] Norbert Tautz, Astird Kaiser. Hein2-Jurgen Thiel. [J].Virology2000.273:351-362
[64] Donis R O, Corapi w, Dubovi E J, Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to bovine diarrhea virus bind to the 56K Ao 58k gly copotein[J].Gen virol, 1988.69,77-86
[65] Wiskerchen M, Collett M S, Pestivirus gane expression:protein P_(80),of bovine viral diarrhea viraus is a proteinase involved in polyprotein processing [J].virology. 1991;184:341-350
[66] Tamura J K, Warrener P, Collett M S. RNA-Stimul ated NTPase activity associated with the protein of the pestivivus bovine viral diarrhea virus. [J].Virology. 1993:193:1-10
[67] Baohua Gu, Changbao Liu, Juili, Lin-goerke, et al. the RNA Helicase and Nucleotide Triphosphatase Activities of the Bovine viral Diarrhea virus NS_BProtein Are Essential. for viral Replication Journal of virdolgy. [J].Feb2000.1794-1800
[68] Norbert Tautz astrid Kaiser and Heinz-Jurgen rhiel. NS_3 serine protease, of Bovine viral Diarrhea. virus:characterization of Active site Residues. NS_(4A)cofactor Domain, and Protease-cofa ctor Interactiohs [J].Virology2000 273.3761-363
[69] 李佑民,刘振润,武银莲,等.牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病毒株(长春 184)的分离与鉴定[J].中国人民解放军兽医大学学报.1983,3(2)113—119.
[70] 石世匡,从新西兰进口冷冻精液中分离出牛病毒性腹泻粘膜病病毒[J].兽医药品通讯,1987,(1):7—9
[71] 糜克永,丁肖泉,王蔷,等,从内蒙古奶牛BVDV分离鉴定[J].病毒学杂志,1987(1):69—74
[72] 孙颖杰,袁文泽,徐景清,等.进口西德西门达尔牛BVD-MD4952病毒的分离与鉴定[J].中国畜禽传染病.1990,51(2):5-9
[73] 洛桑列措,索巴,张兹钧,等.西藏牦牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病病毒的分离和鉴定[J].中国兽医科技 1991,(1):32-33.
[74] 陈茂盛,寇改霞,蒋宏伟,等.乳牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病分离毒的鉴定[J].中国兽医科技1998,28(8)42—43.
[75] 申之义.牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒的分离鉴定[J].中国兽医杂志1993,(3)7-8.
[76] 刘善艺,茹仙古丽.牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒的分离鉴定[J].中国畜禽传染病,1996,86(1):17-20.
[77] 杜锐,王新平,宣华,等.从幼鹿顽固性腹泻病料中检出牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒[J].经济动物学报,1998,2(1):41-43
[78] 黄俊明.牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病流行情况调查[J].中国畜禽传染病1989,(5)20-21
[79] 赵林兴.牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病调查报告,[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1989(2)14—15.
[80] 张文生.天津地区牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病的血清学调查,[J].中国畜禽传染病,1991,3:37-38
[81] 郑志刚,刘佩兰,郑增忍,等.关于牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病血清中和抗体的调查报告,[J],动物检疫,1991,(5)40-42.
[82] 王治才,刘崇向,赵泽森,等.牛腹泻病毒感染羔羊的调查[J].中国畜禽传染病,1992,64(3):41-42.
[83] 王新平,刘红,宣华,等.绵羊感染牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒的调查研究[J].兽医大学学报1993,(3)219-220.
[84] 王新平.牛、羊感染牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病的调查[J].中国畜禽传染病,1993(4):41-42
[85] 邱晶庆,高双娣,周继章,等.我国规模化肉牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病流行状况监测[J].中国兽医科技1998,(28):15-16.
[86] 高双娣,邱昌庆,周继章,等.西北和西南五省(区)部分地区黄牛牦牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病血清学监测,[J].中国兽医科技1999,29(7)17-18.
[87] 邱昌庆,郭慧琛,程淑敏,等.安徽、江苏、广西部分地区水牛牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病血清学监测,[J].中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(6)453-454.
[88] 虞蕴如,许柄坤.南京市出生犊牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病的血清学调查,[J].中国兽医科技,2003,33:66-68
[89] 孙泉云,张苏华,沈悦,等.奶牛和猪血清中牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病抗体的检测[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine 2004,36(2)30
[90] Doyle L G, Herschel W P, et al. Bovine Viral diarrhea virus infection in Captive exotic ruminants, [J]. Am, vet, med, Assoc, 1983;183:1257-1259
[91] 王新平,朱维正,任文陡,等.鹿感染性腹泻—粘膜病病毒病调查[J].中国畜禽传染病,1995,(4):41—42
[92] 杜锐,杜威,王树志.粘膜病病毒感染幼鹿的病原流行病学调查[J].吉林农业大学学报2000,22(3):89-91
[93] 樊璞主编,实用牛病学[M],上海:科学技术出版社,1986:62-63.
[94] Rohrer J, Rinaldi D, Bubl R, et al.Combinated treatment with zidovudine, lamivudine, nelfinavir and ganciclovir in an infant with humanimmunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and cytomegalovirus encephalitis:case report and review of the literature[J].Pediatr in fect Dis [J].1999, 18:382-386.
[95] Rachel J, Lisa G, Carole C.Systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for increasing numbers of drugs in aniiretroviral combination the rapy[J].Bntish Med, 2002, 324:757-760.
[96] Fray M D, Mann G E Clarke M C, et al. Bovine viral diarrhea virus: its effects on ovarian function in the cow[J].Vet Microbio],2000:77(1-2):185-194.
[97] Nagal M, Ito T, Suqita S, et al. Genomic and serological diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Japan. [J]. Arch virol 2001, 146(4)685-696.
[98] J 萨姆布鲁克,DW 拉塞尔,著.黄培堂,等.译’分子克隆实验(第三版)[M].科学出版社96-99
[99] 王新平,涂长春,李红卫,等.牛病毒性腹泻病毒P_(125)基因重要区的比较与分析[J].中国兽医学报1996,16(6)546-553
[100] 王新平,涂长春,李红卫,等.从疑似猪瘟病料中检出牛病毒性腹泻病毒[J].中国兽医学1996,16(4)341-345
[101] 骆延波,张绍学,王新平,等.牛病毒性腹泻病毒长春分离株P125基因的克隆与序列测定[J].中国兽医科技2001,31(2)3-6
[102] Pellerin C. van den Hurk J, Lecomte J. Identification of a new group of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities. [J] Virology, 1994,203:260-268
[103] 王新平,涂长春,李红卫等.从疑似猪瘟病料中检出牛病毒性腹泻病毒[J].中国兽医学报,1996,16(4):341-345。
[104] Roehe P M. Proceedings of the Znd Congress of European Society for Veterinary Virology [J]UPPsala, 1991, 55.
[105] Ridpath J F, Bolin S R. Segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus into genotypes. [J] Virotogy. 1994,205;66-74
[106] J 萨姆布鲁克,DW 拉塞尔,著.黄培堂,等.译,分子克隆实验(第三版)[M].科学出版社27-30
[107] BrownLie.J. Pathogenes is of mucosal disease and molecular aspects of bovine Viral diarrhea Virus[J]. Vet Microbiol, 1990,23:371-382
[108] Baker J C. Bovine viral diarrhea virus: a review. [J]. Am vet med Assoc, 1987; 190: 1440-1458.
[109] Radostits O M, Little johns I R. New concepts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus. [J].Can Vet, 1988; 29:513-528
[110] Brown Lie J, Clarke M C, Howard C J. Experimental production of fatal mucosal diseased fin inning a hypothesis for pathogenesis, in: Hark ness JW ed, pest virus infections of rum in ants[J]. CEC Sam inar, Brussels, Sep. 1985:147-157
[111] Kati M,McGrowan M R, Kirkl and P D, et al. The effect of bovine Pestirus in fecoinon on the Superovulatory response of Friesian heifers[J].Theriogen ology, 1997,48(6)985-996.
[112] Corapi W V, Elliot R D,French TW. Throm pocytopenia and hem orrhages in yeal calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus[J].JAVMA, 1990;196:590-596.
[113] Ramps J A, Van Maanen C, vande Wetering G et al. raPid and re-liable enzyme-linked immunosothent assay for the de-tection of bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) speeific Antibodies in cattle serum, plasma and bulk milk[J].Vet Microbiol, 1999 Jan;64(2-3):135-144.
[114] Budevi B, Weinstook D F. luorogenic RT-PCR assay TaqMan)for deteotion and classification of bovine viral diarrhea virus[J].Vet Micohiol., 2001.22,83(1): 1-10.
[115] 王新平.检测牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒抗原试剂盒的研制及应用[J].兽医大学学报,1996:85:47-48
[116] Brock K V, Deng R, hibletSNucleotidesequenceof 5′and 3′termini of BVDV by RNA llgation and PCR, [J].Virol Method, 1992, 38:39-46
[117] Ridpath J F, Bolin S R. Segregation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus into genotypes [J]. Virology, 1994, 205:66-74
[118] Vileck S, Herring A J, Herrinz J A, et al. Pestiviruses isolated from pigs, cattle and sheep can be allocated into at least three genogroups using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis [J].Arch Vrol, 1994, 136:309-323
[119] 杨玉莹,任向远,常建华,等.牛病毒性腹泄病毒核酸探针的研制及其应用 [J],内蒙古畜牧科学,1997(2)6-8.
[120] 王伟利,钱爱东,胡桂学,等.地高辛标记核酸探针检测牛粘膜病病毒[J].中国兽药杂志 2000,34(5):1～4
[121] 周绪斌,王新平,宣华,等,鉴别牛病毒性腹泻病毒和猪瘟病毒的复合PCR方法及其应用[J].中国兽医学报,2002,22(6)557-560.
[122] 杨桂梅,徐自忠,高洪,等.二重RT-PCR同时检测VSV与BVDV核酸.[J].中国预防兽医学报2003,25(4)291-293
[123] 王汉中.几种瘟病毒分子生物学研究进展[J].国外兽医学-畜禽疾病,1996,17(1):5-7.
[124] Paul Becher, Michaela Orlich, Heinz-Jurgen Thiel. Ribosom al S27a coding sequences upstream of Ubiquitin coding sequences in the genome of a pestivirus [J].Journal of Virology, 1998, 72(11):8697-8704.
[125] M ichel Lambot, E liane Joris, A lain Douart, etal. Evidence for biotyPe-specific effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus on biological responses in acutely infected calves [J].Jou rnat of General Virology, 1998, 79:27-30.
[126] Norbert Tantz, Gergor Meyers, Robert Stark, et al. CytoPathogenicity of a PestiVirus correlates with a 27-nu-cleotide insertion [J].Journal of Virology, 1996, 70(11):7851-7858.
[127] Tautz N, Thie I H J, Dubovi E J, et al. Pathogenesis of mucosal disease:a cytoPathogenic Pestivirus generated by an in ternal deletion. [J]. Virol, 1994, 68:3289-3299.
[128] Tautz N, Thiel H J, Dubovi E J,et al. Pathogenesis of mucosal disease:a cytoPathogenic Pestivirus generated by an internal deletion. J [J]. virol, 1994;68:3289-3299.
[129] Beate M,Kum merer, Dieter Stpll. Bovine viral diarrhea virus strain Oregon:a novel mecha-nism for processing of NS_(23) based on pointmutations[J].Journal of Virology, 1998, 72(5):4127-4138.
[130] Martin Beer, Hans-Robert Hehnen. A new inactivated BVDV genotype Ⅰ and Ⅱ vaccine An immunization and challenge study with BVDV genotype Ⅰ. Veterinary Microbiology 2000,77:195-208
[131] H R Frey, K. Eicken. Foetal Protection against Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus after Two-step Vaccination[J]. Vet Med, 2002, 49:489-493
[132] G M Zimmer. Faihre of foetal protection after vaccination against an experimental infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus. [J]. Veterinary Microbiology, 2002,89:255-265
[133] Coggins L, Gillespie J H, et al. Attenuation of virus diarrhea virus (strain Oregon C24V) for vaccine purpose. [J]. Cornell Vet. 2000,51,539-545
[134] Lobmann M S. Clinical evaluation of a temperature-sensitive bovine viral diarrhea vaccine strain. [J]. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1984.45:2498-2503.
[135] B.Makoschey. Bovine viral diarrhea virus with deletions in the 5' -nontranslated region: reduction of replication in calves and induction of protective immunity. [J].Vaccine 2004(22): 3285-3294
[136] Ferenc Kovacs. The live attenuated bovine viral diarrhea virus components of a multi-valent vaccine confer the live attenuated protection against fetal infection. [J].Veterinary Microbiology, 2003,96:117-131
[137] 钟发刚译,王新华校.减毒活病毒疫曲对妊娠母牛及其胎儿感染病毒性腹泻Ⅰ型病毒的保护试验[J].中国奶牛,1999(4)22-24
[138] 纪金春,阎高峰,王宾来,等.牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病防制中间试验[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志1995,116,25(2)5-7
[139] 刘亚刚,殷中琼,刘世贵,等.耗牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病的防制研究[J].中国预防兽医学报,2003,25(6)487-490
[140] 冯彦君.猪瘟兔化弱毒苗对牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病的防治作用[J].中国奶牛,1995,2:39-40
[141] 韩鹏,我国牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病的流行及防制状况[J].畜禽业,2003,11;8-10
[142] J T van Oirschot. Vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhoea. [J].Veterinary Microbiology 1999, 64:169-183
[143] Gratzek J B, Segre D, Berman D T. Detection and isolation of a virus contaminating a stock of virus diarrhea virus. [J]. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1964, 25: 37-379.
[144] Nuttall P A, Luther P D, Stott E J. Viral contamination of bovine foetal serum and cell cultures. [J].Nature, 1977, 266: 835-837
[145] Tamoglia T W.Laboratory evaluation of bovine respiratory disease vaccines for safety. [J].JAVMA 1968,152:847-850
[146] Kelling C L. Monitoring bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines for adventitous virus, using T1 ribonuclease viral RNA oligonucleotide fingerprinting. Am. [J]. Vet. Res. 1991,52:1237-1244.
[147] Bolin S R, Ridpath J F, Glycoprotein E2 of bovine viral dairrhea virus expressed in insect cells provides calves limited protection from systemic infection and disease. [J]. Arch. Virol. 1996,141: 1463-1477.
[148] Bruschke C J M, Moormann R J M, Van Oirschot J T, A sub-unit vaccine based on glycoprotein E_2 of bovine virus diarrhea virus induces fetal protection in sheep against homologous challenge. [J].Vaccine, 1997. in press.
[149] 石德时,屈小玲摘,毕丁仁校,[J].《国外医学》预防、诊断、治疗用生物制品分册,1999,17(15-16) 1983-1991
[150] Grigera P R, Marzocca M P, Capozzo A V, et al. Presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (MDV) E_2 glycoprotein in VSV recombinant particles and induction of neutralizing MDV antibodies in mice: [J].Virus Res. 2000 Aug; 69 (1): 3-15
[151] Reddy D N. Immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 b and interleukin-2. [J].Vet. Immunol. Immunopath. 1993,37:25-38.
[152] Christianne J M.An experimental multivalent bovine virus diarrhea virus E2 subunit vaccine and two experimental conventionally inactivated vaccines induce partial fetal protection in sheep. [J].Vaccine 1999,17: 1983-1991.
[153] Isabelle Nobiron. DNA vaccination against bovine viral diarrhoea virus induces humoral and cellular responses in cattle with evidence for protection against viral challenge. [J].Vaccine, 2003,21: 2082-2092.
[154] Escuret V, Parvaz P, Hantz O, et al, Study of the antiviral mechanism of action of ribavirin in the bovine viral diarrhea virus model. [J]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2002, Jun-Jul, 26 (6-7):584-590.
[155] Koichiro Yanagida Chiaki Baba, Masanori Baba. Inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by mizoribine: synergistic effect of combination with interferonα.Antiviral Research, 2004, 1952:1-7
[156] David Durantel, Sandra Carroue'e-Durantel. Effects of Interferon, Ribavirin, and Iminosugar Derivatives on Cells Persistently Infected with Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. [J].Antimicrobial agent and chemotherapy, 2004, Feb, p:497-504
[157] M Daniel Givensa, David A, Stringfellowa, et al. Prevention and elimination of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in fetal fibroblast cells. [J].Antiviral Research, 2004, 64:113-118[158] M D Givens P K, Galik K P, Riddell et al. Effects of aromatic cationic molecules on bovine viral diarrhea virus and embryonic development. [J].Theriogenology, 2004
[159] Jin-Hua Sun, Julie A, Lemm, Donald R, et al. Specific Inhibition of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Replicase. [J]. Journal of virology, 2003, June, p. 6753-6760
[160] 秦俊文.干扰素研究概况.河北牧兽医,1996,12(3):159-160
[161] Diderholm, H. & Dinter, Z. Interference between strains of bovine virus diarrhea virus and their capacity to suppress interferon of a heterogonous virus. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental [J]. Biology and Medicine. 1966, 121, 976-980
[162] 王乐元,江焕贤,兰玉珍.猪白细胞干扰素在细胞培养物中干扰牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病(BVD/MD)病毒的试验.[J].中国兽药杂志,2001,35(2):30-32.
[163] Victor E, Buckwold,Richard.J H. Wilson, et al. Antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of DNA and RNA viruses. [J]. Antiviral Research, 2004, 61: 57-62
[164] 张国刚,宋少江,徐绥绪等,抗病毒无菌粉针剂抗病毒作用的研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2002,19 (6)433-447
[165] 李凡,易世红,赵春艳,等.双黄连粉针剂抗病毒作用[J].中草约,2002,33(1)52-55
[166] B Charleston, M D Fray. Establishment of persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle is associated with a failure to induce typeⅠ interferon. [J].Journal of General Virology, 2001, 82:1893-1897.
[167] 吴妆,龙超峰.双黄连制剂在儿科呼吸道感染的临床应用[J].中药新药与临床药理,1998,9(4):242-244.
[168] 林国珍,刘冬梅,朱霖,等.注射用双黄连治疗小儿病毒性心肌炎疗效观察[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1998,18(10):601-603.
[169] 陈双璐,路国金.注射用双黄连与几种抗生素联合体外抑药活性的研究[J].现代应用药学,1998.15(4):58-60.
[170] 胡元亮,孔祥峰,李祥瑞,等.10种中药成分对CEF的增殖和抵抗NDV感染的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2004,35(3),301-305
[171] 任宇皓,胡元亮,刘家国,等.黄茂多糖、淫羊蕾多糖利淫羊蕾总黄酮对新城疫病毒感染细胞的影响[J].南京农业大学学报2001,24(2):102-105
[172] 裴天云,侯顺利,赵改敏,等.莪术油及莪术浸出液的抗病毒效果试验[J].中国兽医科技,1995(12) 14-17
[173] 许小琴,中海青,韦旭斌.中草药抗病毒实验药理学研究现状与展望[J].中兽医医药杂志,2004,4:48-51
[174] 李家泰.临床药理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.728.
[175] 胡亚美.儿科药物治疗学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2000.262.
[176] Chua K B, Bellini W.J,Rota P A, et al.Nipah virus:a recenily emergeni deadly Paramyxovirus[J]. Scieene, 2000, 288:1432-1435.
[177] Wolff.J A, Malone R,Williams P, et al. Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo. [J]. Science, 1990, 247:1:165-1468
[178]Williams R S. Introduction of foreign genes into tissues of living mice by DNA-coated microprojectiles. [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1991, 88(7):2726-2730.
[179]Tang D, DeVit M, Johnston S A. Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response. [J]. Nature, 1992, 356:152-154
[180]WangQ, Sun S, Hu Z, et al. Immune response and protection elicited by DNA immunization against Taenia cysticercosis. [J].Vaccine, 2003, 21(15):1672-1680.
[181]Minion F C, Menon S A, Mhairas G G, et al. Enhanced Murine Antigen-Specific Gamma Interferon and Immunoglobulin G2a Responses by Using Mycobacterial ESAT-6 Sequences in DNAVaccines. [J].Infect Immun,2003,71(40:2239-43.
[182] Harkness J W. The control of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. [J]Ann Res Vet,1987,18167-174
[183]Jeffereys Boyle, Anabel Silva, Jamie L, et al. DNA immunization: Induction of higher avidity antibody and effect of route on T cell cytotoxicity [J]. Immunology,1997 94:14626-14631
[184]Devon J, Shedlock and David B. Weiner. DNA vaccination:antigen presentation and the induction of immunity Journal of Leukocyte [J].Biology.2000;68:793-806
[185]Whitton J L, Rodriguez, ZhangJ, et al. DNA immunization mechanistic studies. [J]. Vaccinel, 1999, 17; 1612-1619
[186]Kucerova L. DNA/ Genetic Vaccination (Minireview ). [J].Viral Immunology, 1998, 11;55-56
[187]Wayne C, Lai and Michael B. DNA vaccines Critical Review in immunology, [J]. Viral Immunology, 1998,18,449-484
[188]Corr M, Lee D J, Carson D A, et al. Gene vaccination with naked plasmid DNA. Mechanism of CTL Priming [J]. EXP Med, 1996,184(8):1555-1560
[189]Lorne A, Babiuk.Nucleic acid vaccines:research tool or commercial reality. [J]. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology,76(2000)1-23
[190]Arthur M, Krieg.CPG motifs bacterial DNA and their immune effects [J]. Immunol. 2002.20:709-760
[191]R J Rouse, S K Nair,S L Lydy,et al. Induction in vitro of primary ciylotoxic T-lymphocyte responses with DNA encoding herpes simplex virus proteins. [J].Virol.1994;68(9):5685-5689
[192]Torres C A, Iwasaki A, Barber B H, et al. Differential dependence on target site tissue for gene gnn and intramuscular DNA immunizations. [J].Immunol, 1997,158:4529*-4532
[193] Yokoyama M, Hassett D E, Zhang J, et at. DNA immunization can stimulate florid Local inflammation and the antilviral immunity induced varies depending on injection site. [J]. Vaccine, 1997; 15(50;553-560
[194] Kucerova L. DNA/ Genetic vaccination(Minireview). [J]. Viral Immunology, 1998.11;55-63
[195] Cheng L, Ziegelhofler PR,Yang NS. In vivo promoter activity and transgene expression in mammalian somatic tissues evaluated by using particle bombardment. [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1993, 90: 4455-4458.
[196] Wolff J A, Ludtke J J, Acsadi G. Long-term persistence of plasmid DNA and foreign gene expression in mouse muscle. [J].Hum Mol Genet, 1992,1:363-365.
[197] M A Barry,M E Barry and S A Johnston, et al. Production of monoclonal antibodies by Genetic Immunization Biotechques, 1994, 16:616～619
[198] 李作生,余兴龙,李敏等.庆用DNA疫苗制备猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的研究,细胞与分子免疫学研究[J],2001,17(1):76-77
[199] 马刚,李作生,余兴左,等.猪瘟疫毒保护性抗原mE2蛋白单抗的制备极其抗原表位的初步分析[J],中国兽医学报22(2):121-124
[200] Montgomery D L, Shiver J W,Leander K R, et al. Heterologous and homologous protection against influenza A by DNA vaccination: Optimization of DNA vectors. DNA cell Biol,1993,12:777-783
[201] 王明连,李劲松.DNA疫苗的转染载体及免疫途径[J].生物技术通讯,2002,13:2,4-6
[202] Muszkat M, Greenbaum E, Ben-Yehuda A, et al. Local and systemic immune response in nursing-home elderly following intranasal or intramuscular immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine. [J].Vaccine 2003;21:1180-1186
[203] 郭丽宏,等.DNA疫苗免疫途径研究现状,国外医学病毒学分册[J].1996年6月第6卷,第一期9-12
[204] Wolff J A. Expression of naked plasmids by cultured myotubusand entry of plasmids into T tubnles and eaveolas of mammalian skeletal muscle. [J]. Cell Sci, 1992,103;1249-1259
[205] Raz E, Carson D A, Parker et al. lntradermal gene immunization:the possible role of DNA uptake in the induction of cellular immunity to viruses. [J].Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci USA, 199*4, 91:9519-9523
[206] Yankauckas M, A, Morrow J E, Parker S E, et al. Long-term anti-nucleoprotein cellular and humoral immunity is induced by intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA containing NP GENE. [J].DNA Cell Biol,1993 12:771-776
[207] Davis H L, Whalen R G, Demeneix B A. Direct gene transfer into skeletal muscle in vivo:Factors affecting efficiency of transfer and stability of expression. Human Gene Therapy, 1993,4:151-159
[208] L A Babiuk, R Pontarollo,S Babiuk, van Drunen Little-van den Hurk Vaccine. Induction of immune responses by DNA vaccines in large animals. 2003,21:649-658
[209] Davis H L, Whalen R G, Demeneix B A. Direct gene transfer into skeletal muscle in vivo:Factors affecting efficiency of transfer and stability of expression. Human Gene Therapy, 1993,4:151-159
[210] Schirmbeck R, Bohm W, Ando K. Nucleic acid vaccination primes hepatitis B virus surface antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in nonresponder mice. J. Virol. 1995 69:5929-5934.
[211] Tabuchi H and Hirose S. DNA supercoiling facilitates formation of the transcription initiation complex on the fibroin gene promoter J.Biol. Chem, Oct 1998:263:15282-15287
[212] Chert C C and Wu H Y Transcription-driven DNA supercoiling and gene expression control. [J]. Front Biosci,Jan 2003;8:430-9
[213] Danko I, Wolff J A. Direct gene transfer into muscle. [J].Vaccine, 1994,12 (16);1499-1502
[214] D Haddad, S Liljeqvist, S Stabl, et al. Comparative study of DNA-based immunization vectors:effect of secretion signals on the antibody responses in mice. [J].FEM Immunol Med Microbiot,Jul 1997;18(3):193-202
[215] Andre S, Seed B, Eberle J.et al. Increased immune response elicited by DNA vaccination with a synthetic gp120 sequence with optimized codon usage. [J]. Virol, 1998.72:1497～1503
[216] Wu Y, Kipps T.J, Deoxyribonucleis acid vaccines encoding antigens with rapid proteasome-dependent degradation are highly efficient inducers of cytolytic T lymphocytes. [J] Immunol, 1997,159:6037-6043
[217] Inchauspé G, Vitvitski L. Plasmid DNA expressing a secreted or a nonsecreted form of hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid;comparative studies of antibody and T-helper responses following genetic iminunization. [J].DNA Cell Biol,1997,16:185-195
[218] 余兴龙,涂长春,李红卫.猪瘟病毒E_2基因真核表达质粒的构建及基因疫苗的研究[J].中国病毒学2000,15(3):264-271
[219] Hurk D, Braun R P, Lewis P.J, et al. Intradermal immunization with a bovine herpesvirus-1 DNA vaccine induces protectiove immunity in cattle[J]. Gen Virol, 1998, 79:831-839
[220]Inchauspé G, Vitvitski L,Major M E, et al. Plasmid DNA expressing a secreted or a nonsecreted form of hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid:comparative studies of antibody and T-helper responses following genetic immunization. [J].DNA Cell Biol, 1997, 16:185-195
[221]Sato Y, Roman M, Tighe H et al. Immunostiomulatory DNA sequences necessary for effective intradermal gene immunization. [J].Science, 1996, 273:352-354
[222]Chow Y H, Huang W L, Chi W K. Improvement of hepatitis Bvirus DNA vaccines by plasmids coexpressing hepatitis B surface antigen and interleukin-2, [J]. Virol,1997
[223]Larsen D L, Sissoko D N, McGregor M W, et al. Coadministration of DNA encoding interleukin-6 and hemagglutinin cofers protection from influenza virus challenge mice. [J].Virol 198,72:1704-1708
[224]Kim J J, Bagarazzi M L, Trivedi N, et al.Engineering of in vivo immune responses DNA immunization via codelivery of costimulatory molecule genes. [J].Nat Biotechno 1997, 15:641-646
[225]Gottschalk S,Sparrow J T, et al.A novel DNA-peptide comples for efficient gev transfer snd expression in memmalian cells. [J].Gene Ther, 1996,3:448-457
[226]Coonrod A, LIFQ and Horwith M. On the mechanism of DNA transfection:efficier gene transfer without viruses. [Jj.Gene Therapy. 1997, 4;1313-1321
[227]Zelphati O, Nguyen C, Ferrari M, et al.Stable and monodisperse lipoplex formulatiov for gene delivery. [J].Gene Therapy. (1998)5;1272-1282
[228]Kichler A, Zauner W, Ogris M, et al. Influence of the DNA complexation mediumo the tranfection efficieny of lipospermine. [J]. DNA particles Gene Therapy(1998)5;85-860
[229]Yang J P and Huang L. Overcoming the inhibitory effect of serum on Iipo9fectionb increasing the charge ratio of cat ionic liposome to DNA. [J].Gene therapy(1997)4, 950-960
[230]Boussif O, Lezoualc H F, Antonietta Zanta M, et al.A versatile vectorfc gene and oligonucleotide transfer into cells in culture and in vivo;polyethylenimin [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci.USA biochemistry vol92:7287-7301
[231]Boleta A, Benigni A,Lutz J, et al.Nonviral gene delivery to the rat kidney wit polyenthylenimine. [J].Human gene therapy(1997)8:1243-1251
[232]Singh M, Briones M,Ott G,et al.Cationic microparticles:a POTENT DELIVERY SYSTEI FOR dna VACCINE. [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2000 Jan 18;97(2)811-6
[233]Walter E,Moelling K,Pavlovisc J, et al. Microencapsulation of DNA usin poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) :stability issues and release characteristics. [J]. Controlle Release 1999 Sep 20;61 (30:361-74
[234]Baker A, Saltik M, Lehrmann H, et al.Polyenthylenimine(PEI)is a simp inexpensive and effective reagent for condensing and linking plasmid DNA adenovirus for gene delivery. [J]. Gene Therapy. (1997)4,773~782.
[235]Simoes S,Slepushkin V, Gaspar R, et al. Gene delivery by negatively charged terna complexes of DNA, cationic liposome and transferring of fusigenic peptides. [J].Ger Therapy, 1998, 6;955-964.
[236]Duguid J G, Li C, Shi M, et al. A physicochemical approach for predicting tl effectiveness of peptide-base gene delivery systems for use in plasmid-based gen therapy. [J]. Biophysical Journal, 1999,2802-2814.
[237]Zhang F, Andreassen P, Fender P, et al. A transfecting peptide derived from adenovirus fiber protein. [J].Gene Therapy. (1999)6;171-181.
[238]Morris M C,Vidal P, Chaloin L,et al.A new peptide vector for efficient delivery of oligonucleotides into mammalian cells. [J].Nucleic Acids Research. 1997,25(14) :2730-2736.
[239]Midoux P, Kichler A, Boutin V, et al.Membrane permeabilization and efficient gene transfer by a peptide containing several histidines. [J].Bioconjugate Chem,1998,9:260-267.
[240]Demirhan I, Hasselmayer O, Chandra A. et al.Histone-m, ediated transfer and expression of the HIV-1 tat gene in Jurkat cells. [J]. Hum Virol. 1998, 1(7) :430-40
[24l]Knight A, Carvajal J, Schneider H, et at. Non-viral neuronal gene delivery mediated by the HC fragment of tetanus toxin. Eur [J]. Biochem, 1999, 256(3):762-9
[242]Braun H, Boiler K, Lower J, et al. Oligonucleotide and plasmid DNA packaging into polyma VP1 virus-like particles expressed in escherichia coli. [J].Biotechnol appl biochem, 1999, 29(Ptl):31-43
[243]Krieg A M, Yi A K,Matson S, et al.CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. [J].Nature,1995,374(6522):546-569
[244]Sato Y, Roman M, Tighe H, et al. Immunostimulatory DNA sequences necessary for effective intradermal gene immunization. [J].Science, 1996, 273(5273):352-354.
[245]Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Kataoke T,et al.Unique palindromes sequences in synthetic oligonucleotides are required to induce IFN and augment IFN-mediated natural killer activity. [J]. Immunol,1992,148(12):4072-4076.
[246]Temperton N J, Quenelle D C,Lawson K M, et al. Enhancement of humoral immune responses to a human cytomegalovirus NDA vaccine:Adjuvant effects of aluminum phosphate and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. [J]. Med Virol,2003,70(1):86-90.
[247]Kusakabe K, Xin KQ, Katoh H, et al. The timing of GM-CSF expression plasmid administration influences the Thl/Th2 response induced by an HIV-1-specific DNA vaccine. [J] Immunol,2000,164(6):3102-3111.
[248]Barouch D H, Santra S,Steenbeke T D, et al. Augmentation and suppression of immune responses to an HIV-1 DNA vaccine by plasmid cytokine/Ig administration. [J]. Immunol,1998,161 (4) : 1875-1882.
[249]Haig D M, Hutchinson G, Green I, et al. The effect of intradermal injection of GM-CSF and TNF-alpha on the accumulation of dendritic cells in ovine skin. [J].Vet Dermatol, 1995,6:211-220.
[250]Youssef S, Wildbaum G, Maor G, et al.Long-lasting protective immunity to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis following vaccination with naked DNA encoding C-C chemokines [J]. Immunol, 1998,161(8):3870-3879.
[251]Youssef S,Wildbaum G,Karin N, et al.Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisby MIP-lalpha and MCP-1 naked DNA vaccines. [J]. Autoimmun, 1999, 13(10:21-29.
[252]Agadjanyan M G, Kin J J, Trivedi N, et al. CD86(B7-2)can function to drive MHC-restricted antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo. [J]. Immunol, 1999, 162(6):3417-3427.
[253]Flo J, Tisminetzky S, Baralle F, et al. Modulation of the immune response to DNA vaccine by co-delivery of costimulatry molecules. [J]. Immunology, 2000, 100(6):259-267
[254]Gurunathan S, Irvine K R, Wu CY,et al,CD40 ligand/rimer DNA enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses and induces protective immunity to infectious and tumor challenge. [J]. Immunol, 1998,161(9):4563-4571.
[255]Okada E, Sasaki S, Ishii N,et al. Intranasal immunization of a DNA vaccine with IL-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)-expressing plasmids in liposomes against HIV-1 antigens. [J]. Immunol, 1997, 159(70:3638-3647)
[256]Iwasaki A, Atiernholm B J, Chan A K, et al.Enhanced CTL responses mediated by plasmid DNA immunogens encoding costimulatory molecules and cytokines. [J]. Immunol, 1997, 158(10):4591-4601.
[257]Barber B H. The immunotargeting approach to adjuvant-independent subunit vaccine design. Sem [J]. Immunol,1997,9(5):293-301.
[258]Boyle J S, Brady J L, Lew A M. Enhanced responses to a DNA vaccine encoding a fusion antigen that is directed to sites of immune induction. [J]. Nature, 1998, 392(6674):408-411.
[259]Wand H.Griffiths M N,Burton D R, et al. Rapid antibody responses by low-dose, single-step,dendritic cell-targeted immunization, [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2000, 97(2):847-852.
[260]Deliyannis G, Boyle J S, Brady J L,et al.A fusion DNA vaccine that targets antigen-[presenting cells increases protection from viral challenge. [J].Proc Natl Aacd Sci USA, 2000, 97(12):6676-6680.
[261]Chaplin P J, Derose R, Boyle J S, et al. Targeting improves the efficacy of a DNA vaccine against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in sheep. [J].Infect Immun, 1999,67(12) : 6434-6438.
[262]Lew A M, Brady B J, Boyle B J, Site-directed immune responses in DNA vaccines encoding ligand-antigen fusions. [J].Vaccine, 2000, 18(16):1681-1685.
[263]Doe B, Selby M, Barnett, at al.1996. Induction of cytotoxic T lymph of intramuscular immunization with plasmid DNA is facilitated by bone marrow derived cells. A cad. [J]. Sci. USA93, 8578-8583.
[264]Wensvoort G, Terpstra C. Bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in piglets born to sows vaccinated against swine fever with a contaminated vaccines. [J].Res Vet Sci,1988, 45:143-148
[265]Pellerin C. van den Hurk J,Lecomte J.Identification of a new group of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities. [J]. Virology, 1994, 203:260-268
[266]Ridpath J F, Bolin S R, Segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus into genotypes. [J].Virology. 1994,205;66-74
[267] G H Wentink and C Terpstra. Congress report on progress in pestivirus virology. [J]. vet Quart 1999:21:163-165
[268] C Terppstra and G WensVoort. A Congenital persistent infesistent infection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in pigs:clinical,virological and immunological observations, [J]. vet quart 1997:19:97-101
[269]Schneider R, Unger G, stark R, et al. Identification of a structural glycoprotein of an RNA Virus as ribonuclease [J]. sci, 1993,261:1169-1171
[270] 林万明,医学分于微生物进展(第二集)[M],北京,人民军医出版社 134-138
[271]Shiping zh, eoffrey z and Ernanuel G, Low usage codons inEscherichia coli, yeast, fruit fly and primates [J].Gene, 1991105:61-72
[272]Chen T, and Inouye M. Suppression of the negative effect of minor argine codons on gene expression, preferential usage of minor codons within the first 25 codons of the Eschis coli genes. [J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 1990,18:1465-1473.
[273]Hockney R. C. Recent developments in heterologous protein in Escherichia coli Trends in Biotech 1994, 12(11):456-463.
[274] Montgomery D L, Shiver J W, Leander K R, et al. Heterologous and homologous protection against influenza A by DNA vaccination: Optimization of DNA vectors. [J].DNA cell Biol, 1993, 12:777-783
[275]Fischer L, Barzu S, Andreoni C, et al.DNA vaccination of neonate piglets in the face of maternal immunity induces humoral memory and protection against a virulent pseudorabies virus challenge. [J]Vaccine, 200321(15):1732-1741.
[276]Zhao Z, Wakita T, Yasui K. Inoculation of plasmids Encoding Japanese Encephalitis Virus PrM-E proteins with colloidal gold Elicits a protective Immune Response in BALB/C Mice. [J].Virol, 2003,77(7):4248-4260.
[277]Minion F C, Menon S A, Mahairas G G, et el Enhanced Murine Antigen-Specific Gamma Sequences in DNA Vaccines. [J].Infect Immun, 2003(4):2239-2243.
[278]Skinner M A, Ramsay A J,Buchan G S, et al.A DNA prime-live vaccine boost strategy in mice can augment IFN-gamma responses to mycobacterial antigens but does not increase the protective efficacy of two attenuated strains of Mycobacterium bovis against bovine tuberculosis. [J]. Immunology,2003, 108(4):548-555
[279] Chen Y, Hu D, Eling DJ, et al. DNA vaccines encoding full-length or truncated neu induce protective immunity against neuinduce protective immunity against neu-expressing mammary tumors. [J].Cancer Res, 1998, 58:1965-1971.
[280]Donnelly J J.Friedman A,Martinez D, et al. preclinical efficacy of a prototype DNA vaccine:enhanced protecyion against antigenic drift in influenza virus. [J]. Nat Med, 1995, 1 (6):583-587.
[281] 闻平,何艳,叶庆林,等.中性红比色法检测细胞增殖活性[J].镇江医学院学报,2000,10(1):161～163.
[282] 高英杰,贺玉琢,沈鸿,等.中性红染料吸收法在抗病毒药物研究中的应用[J].中药药理与临床,1998,14(4):45-47.
[283] 李宏全,段县平,马海利,等.黄芪多糖对鸡新城疫和传染性腔上囊病疫苗免疫力的影响[J].中国兽医科技,2001,31(9):12～14.
[284] 侯慧英,秦荣,王玉珍.蒙药广枣总黄酮对小鼠体液免疫功能影响的研究[J].中国民族医药杂志,1998,4(4):38-39.
[285] 夏雪雁,彭仁,王智勇.当归多糖及其分离组分对小鼠免疫功能的调节效应[J].武汉大学学报(医学版),2001,22(3):204-207.
[286] 张国刚,宋少江,徐绥绪,等.抗病毒无菌粉针剂抗病毒作用的研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2002,19 (6)433-447
[287] 董杰德,夏洪印,于修平,等.中草药和镉对心肌细胞生长代谢及其抗病毒的实验研究[J].中国病毒学,1995,10(2):104～109
[288] Escuret V, Parvaz P, Hantz O, et al. Study of the antiviral mechanism of action of ribavirin in the bovine viral diarrhea virus model. [J].Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2002, Jun-Jul, 26 (6-7):584-590.
[289] Koichiro Yanagida Chiaki Baba, Masanori Baba. Inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by mizoribine: synergistic effect of combination with interferon-α. [J].Antiviral Research, 2004, 1952:1—7
[290] David Durantel, Sandra Carroue'e-Durantel, et al. Effects of Interferon, Ribavirin, and Iminosugar Derivatives on Cells Persistently Infected with Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Antimicrobial agent and chemotherapy, 2004, Feb, p:497-504
[291] M Daniel Givensa, David A, Stringfellowa, et al. Prevention and elimination of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in fetal fibroblast cells. [J].Antiviral Research, 2004, 64:113-118
[292] M D Givens, P K Galik, K P Riddell et al. Effects of aromatic cationic molecules on bovine viral diarrhea virus and embryonic development. Theriogenology, 2004
[293] Jin-Hua Sun, Julie A,Donald R, et al. Specific Inhibition of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Replicase. Journal of virology, 2003, June, p. 6753-6760
[294] 殷震,刘景华主编,动物病毒学第二版[M].北京:科学技术出版社1997.204-46
[295] Diderholm, H. & Dinter, Z. Interference between strains of bovine virus diarrhea virus and their capacity to suppress interferon of a heterogonous virus. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1966, 121, 976-980
[296] B Charleston, M D Fray. Establishment of persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle is associated with a failure to induce type Ⅰ interferon. Journal of General Virology, 2001, 82:1893-1897
[297] 王乐元,江焕贤,兰玉珍.猪白细胞干扰素在细胞培养物中干扰牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病(BVD/MD)病毒的试验[J].中国兽药杂志,2001,35(2):30～32.
[298] 胡思顺摘,毕丁仁校,BVDV减毒或灭活疫苗诱导犊牛产生1型和2型抗体应答,《国外医学》预防、诊断、治疗用生物制品分册.[J].2001,24(4)187-188
[2] Underdahl N R, Crace O D, Hoerlein A B. Cultivation in tissue cultrue of cytoPathyogenic agent from bovine mucosal disease. [J].Proc See EXP Biol Med, 1957, 94:795-797
[3] Lee K M, GillesPie J H. ProPagation of virus of cattle in tissue culture, in tissue culture. Ann [J]. Vet Res, 1957,18:952-953
[4] Weiland E, Ahl R Stark R et al.A second envelope glycoProtein mediates neutralization of a Pestivirus hog cholera vlrus [J]. Vrol,1992,66:3677-3682
[5] 殷震,刘景华主编,动物病毒学第二版[M].北京:科学技术出版社1997.645-649.
[6] 陈家璞主编,乳牛疾病学[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:50-58.
[7] 胡祥壁编,家畜传染病[M].北京:农业出版社,1988:719-727.
[8] France R I B. Classification and nomendature of viruses [J] Arch viral.1991;51:228
[9] Huslt M M. GlycoProteim E2 of CSFV:exPression in insect cells cord identification as aribonuclease [J] virol, 1994;(200):558-560
[10] 李维东,关于猪瘟的最新知识[J].畜禽传染病1993.13(3):1-4
[11] 娄高明.瘟现毒属病毒的性质[J].畜禽传染病,1991.11(3):4-6
[12] Deng R, Brock K V. Molecular cloning and nucleotide Sequence of Pestivirus genome. nocytopathic, bovine viral diarrhea Virus strain SD-I[J]. Virology. 1992; 191: 867-879
[13] Collett M S, LarsonR, Gold C, et al.Molecular cloning and nacleotide Sequence of the Pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus. [J].virol, 1998,165:191-199
[14] De Morelooze L, Lecomte C, Brown-Shimmer S, et al. Nucheotide Sequence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus ostoss strain: comparison with related Viruses and identification of Specifec DNA Proves in the 5′ untranslated region [J]. Gen Virol, 1993.74:1433-1438
[15] Brock k V, Deng R, RibletS, M. Nuclotide Sequencing of 5′and 3′termini of bovine viral diarrhea Virus by RNA ligation and PCR[J] Virol meth. 1992,38:39-46
[16] Ridpath J F, Bolin S R, katz J. Comparison of nucleic acid amplication using conserved Sequences from the 5′noncoding region for detection of bovine viral diarrhea Virus[J].clin Microbiol, 1993.31:986-989
[17] Qi Fx, Ridpath J F, Lewis T, et al. Analysis of the bovine Viral diarrhea Virus genome for possible cellular insertions [J].virol 1992.189:285-292
[18]Haiying yu, Olfaisken, claus W, Grassmann et al. A stem-loop Motif by the Immediate 5 Terminus of the Bovine viral Diarrhea virus Genome Modulates Translation as well as Replication of the viral RNA [J]. Virol 2000.74(13):5825-5835
[19]Poole T L, Wang. Pestivirus in cells infected with bovine Viral diarrhea Virus. [J]. Gen virol.2001.82(11)2597-2605
[20]Paul Becher Michaela orlich.Alexandra kosmidou. Matthias konig, Martina Baroth, and Heinz-Jurgen Thiel. Genetic Diversity of Pestiviruses: Identification of Novel Groups and I raplications for classification. [J]. virology(1999)262. 64-71
[21]A Wolfmeyer,G Wolf,M Beer, et al. Genoraic(5'UTR)and Serological differences among German BVDV field isolates [J].Arch Virol(1997)142:2049-2057
[22]J F Ridpath, S R Bolin and E J. Dubovit. Segregation of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus into Genotypes. [J].Virology (1994)205. 66-74
[23]Beate M,kummerer, Norbert Tautz, et al. The genetic basis for cytopathogenicity of Pestiviruses. [J]. Veterinary Microbiology 2000. 77.117-128
[24]Ramiro Avalos-Ramirez, Michaela orlich, Heinz-Jurgen Thiel, et al .Evidence for the Presence of TWO Novel Pestivirus species. [J].Virology 2001.286.456-465
[25]S Vilcek, D J Paton, B. Durkovic et al. Bovine Viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 can be separated into at least eleven genetic groups [J].Arch Virol 2001 146:99-115
[26]J F Ridpath, J D Neill, M Frey, J G Landgraf. Phylogenetic, antigenic and clinical characterization of type z BVDV from North America. [J].Veter-inary Microbiology 2000.77, 145-155
[27]M Nagai T S, Sugita A, Genno K, et al. Gen omic and serological diversity of bovine Viral diarrhea Virus in Japan. [J].Arch Virol 2001 146:685-696
[28]Cletellier P, Kerkhofs G, Wellemans E, Vanopdenbosch Detection and genotyping of bovine diarrhea birus by reverse transcription-Polymerase chain amplification of the 5' untranslated region. [J]. Veterinary microbiology 1999,64:155-167
[29]Collett M S. Molecular genetics of Pestiviruses [J].Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis,1992,15:145-154
[30]Meyers G,Tantz N. stark R, et al. Rearrangement of viral sequences in cytopathogenic Pestiviruses. [J].Virol.1992.191:368-386
[31]Collett M S, Wiskerchen M, Welniak E, et al bovine viral diarrhea virus genomic organization [J].Arch virol.1991,13:19-27
[32]Grummer, Beerm, Liebler- Tenorio E. Localization of proteins in cells infected with bovine Viral diarrhea Virus [J].Gen virol. 2001. 82(11):2597-2605
[33]Liebler- Tenorio E M. Distribution of Viral antigen and development of lesions a experimental infection of calves with a z strain of 1 virulence[J]. vet Diagn Invest 2002 15(3):221-232
[34] Broch K V, Deng R, Riblet S. Nucleotide Sequence of 5' and 3' ter mini of BVDV by RNA ligation and PCR. [J].virol Method,1992.38:39-46
[35]Poole T L, Wang C, Popp R A, et al. pestivirus translation intitiation occurs by internal ribosomt entry. [J]. virol. 1995,206:750-754
[36]Haiying Yu, claus W, Grassmann et al. Sequence and structural at the 3' Terminue of Bovine Diarrhea Viral virus Genomic RNA:Functional Role during RNA Replication [J].Virol May1999, 73(5)3638-3648
[37] Wisker chen M, Belzer S K, Collett M S.Pestivirus gene expression:the first Protein Product of the bovine viral diarrhea virus large open readind frome p20 possesses Poteolytic activity. [J].virol.1991, 65:4508- 4514
[38]Thiel H J, stark R, Weiland T, et al. Hog cholera virus:molecular composition of virion from a pestivius. [J].Virol.1991,65:4705-4712
[39]Warrener P,Collett M S. Pestivirus NS3(P_80) Protein Possesses RNA helicase activity [J].Virol, 1995:69(3)1720-1726
[40] Hulst M, Westra D F, wensvoort G, et al. Glycopyotein. E_1 of HCV expressed in insect cells Protects swine from hog clolera [J].Virol. 1993;67:5435-5442
[41]Rumenapf T,Unger G, strauss J H, et al. Processing of the envelop glycoproteins of the envelop glycoproteins of the pestiviruses. [J]. virol, 1993, 67 3288-3294
[42] Schneider R, linger G, stark R et al. Identification of a structural glycoprotein of an RNA Virus as ribonuclease [J].sci,1993, 261:1169-1171
[43]Rumenapf T, stark K, meyer G, et al. structural proteins of Hog cholera virus expressed by vaccinia virus:father chracterization and induction of Protective immunity [J]. Virol, 1991.65(2)589-597
[44] Schneider R, Unger G, stark R et al. Identification of a structural glycoprotein of an RNA Virus as ribonuclease. [J].Sci 1993.261:1169-1171
[45]Weiland E, stark K, Haas B, et al. Pestivirus glycoprotein which induces neutralizing aktibodies forms part of a disultidelinded heterodimer [J]. Virol, 1990, 64:3563-3569
[46]Akkina R K,Pextivirus bovine Viral diarrhea vivus alternative cleavage Pathways. [J].Virus Res 1991,19:67-82
[47] Greisis, Wilke I,Dittmar K E,Liess B. Heterogeneous expression of the nonstructural protein P80/P125 in cells infected with different pestiviruses [J].Gen Virol,1992:73:47-52
[48]Yu M, Gould A R, Morrissy C J, et al.High level expression of the envelope glycoprotein(E_2)of bovine viral diarrhea virus and its Potential use as diagnostic reagent. [J].Virus Res,1994.34:178-186
[49]Donis R O, Corapi W V, Dubovi E J. Bovineviral diarrhea virus Proteins and their antigenic analysis [J]. Arch virol. 1991, 13:29-40
[50]Donis R O, corapi W,Dubovi E J,Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to bovine diarrhea Virus bind to the 56k to 58k glycopotein, [J]. Gen Virol 1988,69:77-86
[51]Chang-Hee Kweon, Bovine herpes expressing envelope protein E_2 of bovine viral dliarrhea Virus as a candidate, [J].Vet med sci 1999:365-401
[52]Knut Elbers, Norbert Tautz, Paul Becher, et al. Processing in the pestivirus E_2-NS_2 Region:Identification of proteins P_7 and E_2P_7 [J].Virology 70(6)4131-4135
[53]DeMoerlooze, Renard A, Lecomte C. A "zinc-finger-like" domine in the 54KD Protein of Pestiviruses [J].Arch Virol.1991:3:41-46
[54] DemeerloozeL, Desport M, Renard A. The coding region for the 45KD Protein of several pestiviruses lacks host insertions but reveals a "zink-finger-like" domine.[J].Virology. 1990:177:812
[55] Stefan Vilcek, Irene Greiser-wilke, Peter Nettleton, et al. Paton cellular insertions in the NS_23genome region of cytopathogen etic bovine viral diarrhoea virus. [J]. Veterinary Microbiology77(2000)129-136
[56]Qi Fx, Ridpath J F, Lewis T, et al.Analysis of the bovine viral diarrhea virus gen ome for possible cellular insertions. [J]. virol. 1992. 189:285-292
[57]Greiset-wilke I,Jaas L,Dittmar k, et al RNA insertions and gen duplications in the nonstructural protein P_125 region of pestivirus. strains and isolated in vitro and in vivo. [J].virol. 1993. 193:977-980
[58]Gregor Meyers, Dieter stoll. Michael Gunn Insertion of a sequence. Encoding Light chain of microtuble-Associated Proteins 1A and 1Bin A Pestiviras Genome :connection with Virus cytopathogenicity and Induction of Lethal Disease in cattle [J]. Virol. May 1998.72(5)4139-4148
[59] Marring Baroth, Michaela orlich, Heinz-Jurgen Thiel et al. Insertion of cellular NEDD8 Codind Sequence in a Pestivirus [J].virology 2000.278 456-466
[60] Meyers G, Tautz N. cytopathogenicity correlated, with integration of ubiquitin-coding sequences. [J].virol. 1991:180:602-616
[61] Tautz N, Thiel H. Pathogenesis of mucosal disease:a cytopathogenic pestivirus generated by an interal deletion. [J] Virol. 1994.68:3289-3299
[62] Jian Xu,Ernesto Mendez, Paul R, Caron et al.Bovine Viral Diarrhea VirusNS_B serine proteinase polyprotein cleavage sites, cofactor Requirements, and Molecular Model of an Enzyme Essential for pestivirus Replication [J].Virol. 1997.71(7) 5312-5322
[63] Norbert Tautz, Astird Kaiser. Hein2-Jurgen Thiel. [J].Virology2000.273:351-362
[64] Donis R O, Corapi w, Dubovi E J, Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to bovine diarrhea virus bind to the 56K Ao 58k gly copotein[J].Gen virol, 1988.69,77-86
[65] Wiskerchen M, Collett M S, Pestivirus gane expression:protein P_(80),of bovine viral diarrhea viraus is a proteinase involved in polyprotein processing [J].virology. 1991;184:341-350
[66] Tamura J K, Warrener P, Collett M S. RNA-Stimul ated NTPase activity associated with the protein of the pestivivus bovine viral diarrhea virus. [J].Virology. 1993:193:1-10
[67] Baohua Gu, Changbao Liu, Juili, Lin-goerke, et al. the RNA Helicase and Nucleotide Triphosphatase Activities of the Bovine viral Diarrhea virus NS_BProtein Are Essential. for viral Replication Journal of virdolgy. [J].Feb2000.1794-1800
[68] Norbert Tautz astrid Kaiser and Heinz-Jurgen rhiel. NS_3 serine protease, of Bovine viral Diarrhea. virus:characterization of Active site Residues. NS_(4A)cofactor Domain, and Protease-cofa ctor Interactiohs [J].Virology2000 273.3761-363
[69] 李佑民,刘振润,武银莲,等.牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病毒株(长春 184)的分离与鉴定[J].中国人民解放军兽医大学学报.1983,3(2)113—119.
[70] 石世匡,从新西兰进口冷冻精液中分离出牛病毒性腹泻粘膜病病毒[J].兽医药品通讯,1987,(1):7—9
[71] 糜克永,丁肖泉,王蔷,等,从内蒙古奶牛BVDV分离鉴定[J].病毒学杂志,1987(1):69—74
[72] 孙颖杰,袁文泽,徐景清,等.进口西德西门达尔牛BVD-MD4952病毒的分离与鉴定[J].中国畜禽传染病.1990,51(2):5-9
[73] 洛桑列措,索巴,张兹钧,等.西藏牦牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病病毒的分离和鉴定[J].中国兽医科技 1991,(1):32-33.
[74] 陈茂盛,寇改霞,蒋宏伟,等.乳牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病分离毒的鉴定[J].中国兽医科技1998,28(8)42—43.
[75] 申之义.牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒的分离鉴定[J].中国兽医杂志1993,(3)7-8.
[76] 刘善艺,茹仙古丽.牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒的分离鉴定[J].中国畜禽传染病,1996,86(1):17-20.
[77] 杜锐,王新平,宣华,等.从幼鹿顽固性腹泻病料中检出牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒[J].经济动物学报,1998,2(1):41-43
[78] 黄俊明.牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病流行情况调查[J].中国畜禽传染病1989,(5)20-21
[79] 赵林兴.牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病调查报告,[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1989(2)14—15.
[80] 张文生.天津地区牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病的血清学调查,[J].中国畜禽传染病,1991,3:37-38
[81] 郑志刚,刘佩兰,郑增忍,等.关于牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病血清中和抗体的调查报告,[J],动物检疫,1991,(5)40-42.
[82] 王治才,刘崇向,赵泽森,等.牛腹泻病毒感染羔羊的调查[J].中国畜禽传染病,1992,64(3):41-42.
[83] 王新平,刘红,宣华,等.绵羊感染牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒的调查研究[J].兽医大学学报1993,(3)219-220.
[84] 王新平.牛、羊感染牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病的调查[J].中国畜禽传染病,1993(4):41-42
[85] 邱晶庆,高双娣,周继章,等.我国规模化肉牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病流行状况监测[J].中国兽医科技1998,(28):15-16.
[86] 高双娣,邱昌庆,周继章,等.西北和西南五省(区)部分地区黄牛牦牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病血清学监测,[J].中国兽医科技1999,29(7)17-18.
[87] 邱昌庆,郭慧琛,程淑敏,等.安徽、江苏、广西部分地区水牛牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病血清学监测,[J].中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(6)453-454.
[88] 虞蕴如,许柄坤.南京市出生犊牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病的血清学调查,[J].中国兽医科技,2003,33:66-68
[89] 孙泉云,张苏华,沈悦,等.奶牛和猪血清中牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病抗体的检测[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine 2004,36(2)30
[90] Doyle L G, Herschel W P, et al. Bovine Viral diarrhea virus infection in Captive exotic ruminants, [J]. Am, vet, med, Assoc, 1983;183:1257-1259
[91] 王新平,朱维正,任文陡,等.鹿感染性腹泻—粘膜病病毒病调查[J].中国畜禽传染病,1995,(4):41—42
[92] 杜锐,杜威,王树志.粘膜病病毒感染幼鹿的病原流行病学调查[J].吉林农业大学学报2000,22(3):89-91
[93] 樊璞主编,实用牛病学[M],上海:科学技术出版社,1986:62-63.
[94] Rohrer J, Rinaldi D, Bubl R, et al.Combinated treatment with zidovudine, lamivudine, nelfinavir and ganciclovir in an infant with humanimmunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and cytomegalovirus encephalitis:case report and review of the literature[J].Pediatr in fect Dis [J].1999, 18:382-386.
[95] Rachel J, Lisa G, Carole C.Systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for increasing numbers of drugs in aniiretroviral combination the rapy[J].Bntish Med, 2002, 324:757-760.
[96] Fray M D, Mann G E Clarke M C, et al. Bovine viral diarrhea virus: its effects on ovarian function in the cow[J].Vet Microbio],2000:77(1-2):185-194.
[97] Nagal M, Ito T, Suqita S, et al. Genomic and serological diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Japan. [J]. Arch virol 2001, 146(4)685-696.
[98] J 萨姆布鲁克,DW 拉塞尔,著.黄培堂,等.译’分子克隆实验(第三版)[M].科学出版社96-99
[99] 王新平,涂长春,李红卫,等.牛病毒性腹泻病毒P_(125)基因重要区的比较与分析[J].中国兽医学报1996,16(6)546-553
[100] 王新平,涂长春,李红卫,等.从疑似猪瘟病料中检出牛病毒性腹泻病毒[J].中国兽医学1996,16(4)341-345
[101] 骆延波,张绍学,王新平,等.牛病毒性腹泻病毒长春分离株P125基因的克隆与序列测定[J].中国兽医科技2001,31(2)3-6
[102] Pellerin C. van den Hurk J, Lecomte J. Identification of a new group of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities. [J] Virology, 1994,203:260-268
[103] 王新平,涂长春,李红卫等.从疑似猪瘟病料中检出牛病毒性腹泻病毒[J].中国兽医学报,1996,16(4):341-345。
[104] Roehe P M. Proceedings of the Znd Congress of European Society for Veterinary Virology [J]UPPsala, 1991, 55.
[105] Ridpath J F, Bolin S R. Segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus into genotypes. [J] Virotogy. 1994,205;66-74
[106] J 萨姆布鲁克,DW 拉塞尔,著.黄培堂,等.译,分子克隆实验(第三版)[M].科学出版社27-30
[107] BrownLie.J. Pathogenes is of mucosal disease and molecular aspects of bovine Viral diarrhea Virus[J]. Vet Microbiol, 1990,23:371-382
[108] Baker J C. Bovine viral diarrhea virus: a review. [J]. Am vet med Assoc, 1987; 190: 1440-1458.
[109] Radostits O M, Little johns I R. New concepts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus. [J].Can Vet, 1988; 29:513-528
[110] Brown Lie J, Clarke M C, Howard C J. Experimental production of fatal mucosal diseased fin inning a hypothesis for pathogenesis, in: Hark ness JW ed, pest virus infections of rum in ants[J]. CEC Sam inar, Brussels, Sep. 1985:147-157
[111] Kati M,McGrowan M R, Kirkl and P D, et al. The effect of bovine Pestirus in fecoinon on the Superovulatory response of Friesian heifers[J].Theriogen ology, 1997,48(6)985-996.
[112] Corapi W V, Elliot R D,French TW. Throm pocytopenia and hem orrhages in yeal calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus[J].JAVMA, 1990;196:590-596.
[113] Ramps J A, Van Maanen C, vande Wetering G et al. raPid and re-liable enzyme-linked immunosothent assay for the de-tection of bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) speeific Antibodies in cattle serum, plasma and bulk milk[J].Vet Microbiol, 1999 Jan;64(2-3):135-144.
[114] Budevi B, Weinstook D F. luorogenic RT-PCR assay TaqMan)for deteotion and classification of bovine viral diarrhea virus[J].Vet Micohiol., 2001.22,83(1): 1-10.
[115] 王新平.检测牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒抗原试剂盒的研制及应用[J].兽医大学学报,1996:85:47-48
[116] Brock K V, Deng R, hibletSNucleotidesequenceof 5′and 3′termini of BVDV by RNA llgation and PCR, [J].Virol Method, 1992, 38:39-46
[117] Ridpath J F, Bolin S R. Segregation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus into genotypes [J]. Virology, 1994, 205:66-74
[118] Vileck S, Herring A J, Herrinz J A, et al. Pestiviruses isolated from pigs, cattle and sheep can be allocated into at least three genogroups using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis [J].Arch Vrol, 1994, 136:309-323
[119] 杨玉莹,任向远,常建华,等.牛病毒性腹泄病毒核酸探针的研制及其应用 [J],内蒙古畜牧科学,1997(2)6-8.
[120] 王伟利,钱爱东,胡桂学,等.地高辛标记核酸探针检测牛粘膜病病毒[J].中国兽药杂志 2000,34(5):1～4
[121] 周绪斌,王新平,宣华,等,鉴别牛病毒性腹泻病毒和猪瘟病毒的复合PCR方法及其应用[J].中国兽医学报,2002,22(6)557-560.
[122] 杨桂梅,徐自忠,高洪,等.二重RT-PCR同时检测VSV与BVDV核酸.[J].中国预防兽医学报2003,25(4)291-293
[123] 王汉中.几种瘟病毒分子生物学研究进展[J].国外兽医学-畜禽疾病,1996,17(1):5-7.
[124] Paul Becher, Michaela Orlich, Heinz-Jurgen Thiel. Ribosom al S27a coding sequences upstream of Ubiquitin coding sequences in the genome of a pestivirus [J].Journal of Virology, 1998, 72(11):8697-8704.
[125] M ichel Lambot, E liane Joris, A lain Douart, etal. Evidence for biotyPe-specific effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus on biological responses in acutely infected calves [J].Jou rnat of General Virology, 1998, 79:27-30.
[126] Norbert Tantz, Gergor Meyers, Robert Stark, et al. CytoPathogenicity of a PestiVirus correlates with a 27-nu-cleotide insertion [J].Journal of Virology, 1996, 70(11):7851-7858.
[127] Tautz N, Thie I H J, Dubovi E J, et al. Pathogenesis of mucosal disease:a cytoPathogenic Pestivirus generated by an in ternal deletion. [J]. Virol, 1994, 68:3289-3299.
[128] Tautz N, Thiel H J, Dubovi E J,et al. Pathogenesis of mucosal disease:a cytoPathogenic Pestivirus generated by an internal deletion. J [J]. virol, 1994;68:3289-3299.
[129] Beate M,Kum merer, Dieter Stpll. Bovine viral diarrhea virus strain Oregon:a novel mecha-nism for processing of NS_(23) based on pointmutations[J].Journal of Virology, 1998, 72(5):4127-4138.
[130] Martin Beer, Hans-Robert Hehnen. A new inactivated BVDV genotype Ⅰ and Ⅱ vaccine An immunization and challenge study with BVDV genotype Ⅰ. Veterinary Microbiology 2000,77:195-208
[131] H R Frey, K. Eicken. Foetal Protection against Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus after Two-step Vaccination[J]. Vet Med, 2002, 49:489-493
[132] G M Zimmer. Faihre of foetal protection after vaccination against an experimental infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus. [J]. Veterinary Microbiology, 2002,89:255-265
[133] Coggins L, Gillespie J H, et al. Attenuation of virus diarrhea virus (strain Oregon C24V) for vaccine purpose. [J]. Cornell Vet. 2000,51,539-545
[134] Lobmann M S. Clinical evaluation of a temperature-sensitive bovine viral diarrhea vaccine strain. [J]. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1984.45:2498-2503.
[135] B.Makoschey. Bovine viral diarrhea virus with deletions in the 5' -nontranslated region: reduction of replication in calves and induction of protective immunity. [J].Vaccine 2004(22): 3285-3294
[136] Ferenc Kovacs. The live attenuated bovine viral diarrhea virus components of a multi-valent vaccine confer the live attenuated protection against fetal infection. [J].Veterinary Microbiology, 2003,96:117-131
[137] 钟发刚译,王新华校.减毒活病毒疫曲对妊娠母牛及其胎儿感染病毒性腹泻Ⅰ型病毒的保护试验[J].中国奶牛,1999(4)22-24
[138] 纪金春,阎高峰,王宾来,等.牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病防制中间试验[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志1995,116,25(2)5-7
[139] 刘亚刚,殷中琼,刘世贵,等.耗牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病的防制研究[J].中国预防兽医学报,2003,25(6)487-490
[140] 冯彦君.猪瘟兔化弱毒苗对牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病的防治作用[J].中国奶牛,1995,2:39-40
[141] 韩鹏,我国牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病的流行及防制状况[J].畜禽业,2003,11;8-10
[142] J T van Oirschot. Vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhoea. [J].Veterinary Microbiology 1999, 64:169-183
[143] Gratzek J B, Segre D, Berman D T. Detection and isolation of a virus contaminating a stock of virus diarrhea virus. [J]. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1964, 25: 37-379.
[144] Nuttall P A, Luther P D, Stott E J. Viral contamination of bovine foetal serum and cell cultures. [J].Nature, 1977, 266: 835-837
[145] Tamoglia T W.Laboratory evaluation of bovine respiratory disease vaccines for safety. [J].JAVMA 1968,152:847-850
[146] Kelling C L. Monitoring bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines for adventitous virus, using T1 ribonuclease viral RNA oligonucleotide fingerprinting. Am. [J]. Vet. Res. 1991,52:1237-1244.
[147] Bolin S R, Ridpath J F, Glycoprotein E2 of bovine viral dairrhea virus expressed in insect cells provides calves limited protection from systemic infection and disease. [J]. Arch. Virol. 1996,141: 1463-1477.
[148] Bruschke C J M, Moormann R J M, Van Oirschot J T, A sub-unit vaccine based on glycoprotein E_2 of bovine virus diarrhea virus induces fetal protection in sheep against homologous challenge. [J].Vaccine, 1997. in press.
[149] 石德时,屈小玲摘,毕丁仁校,[J].《国外医学》预防、诊断、治疗用生物制品分册,1999,17(15-16) 1983-1991
[150] Grigera P R, Marzocca M P, Capozzo A V, et al. Presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (MDV) E_2 glycoprotein in VSV recombinant particles and induction of neutralizing MDV antibodies in mice: [J].Virus Res. 2000 Aug; 69 (1): 3-15
[151] Reddy D N. Immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 b and interleukin-2. [J].Vet. Immunol. Immunopath. 1993,37:25-38.
[152] Christianne J M.An experimental multivalent bovine virus diarrhea virus E2 subunit vaccine and two experimental conventionally inactivated vaccines induce partial fetal protection in sheep. [J].Vaccine 1999,17: 1983-1991.
[153] Isabelle Nobiron. DNA vaccination against bovine viral diarrhoea virus induces humoral and cellular responses in cattle with evidence for protection against viral challenge. [J].Vaccine, 2003,21: 2082-2092.
[154] Escuret V, Parvaz P, Hantz O, et al, Study of the antiviral mechanism of action of ribavirin in the bovine viral diarrhea virus model. [J]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2002, Jun-Jul, 26 (6-7):584-590.
[155] Koichiro Yanagida Chiaki Baba, Masanori Baba. Inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by mizoribine: synergistic effect of combination with interferonα.Antiviral Research, 2004, 1952:1-7
[156] David Durantel, Sandra Carroue'e-Durantel. Effects of Interferon, Ribavirin, and Iminosugar Derivatives on Cells Persistently Infected with Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. [J].Antimicrobial agent and chemotherapy, 2004, Feb, p:497-504
[157] M Daniel Givensa, David A, Stringfellowa, et al. Prevention and elimination of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in fetal fibroblast cells. [J].Antiviral Research, 2004, 64:113-118[158] M D Givens P K, Galik K P, Riddell et al. Effects of aromatic cationic molecules on bovine viral diarrhea virus and embryonic development. [J].Theriogenology, 2004
[159] Jin-Hua Sun, Julie A, Lemm, Donald R, et al. Specific Inhibition of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Replicase. [J]. Journal of virology, 2003, June, p. 6753-6760
[160] 秦俊文.干扰素研究概况.河北牧兽医,1996,12(3):159-160
[161] Diderholm, H. & Dinter, Z. Interference between strains of bovine virus diarrhea virus and their capacity to suppress interferon of a heterogonous virus. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental [J]. Biology and Medicine. 1966, 121, 976-980
[162] 王乐元,江焕贤,兰玉珍.猪白细胞干扰素在细胞培养物中干扰牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病(BVD/MD)病毒的试验.[J].中国兽药杂志,2001,35(2):30-32.
[163] Victor E, Buckwold,Richard.J H. Wilson, et al. Antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of DNA and RNA viruses. [J]. Antiviral Research, 2004, 61: 57-62
[164] 张国刚,宋少江,徐绥绪等,抗病毒无菌粉针剂抗病毒作用的研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2002,19 (6)433-447
[165] 李凡,易世红,赵春艳,等.双黄连粉针剂抗病毒作用[J].中草约,2002,33(1)52-55
[166] B Charleston, M D Fray. Establishment of persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle is associated with a failure to induce typeⅠ interferon. [J].Journal of General Virology, 2001, 82:1893-1897.
[167] 吴妆,龙超峰.双黄连制剂在儿科呼吸道感染的临床应用[J].中药新药与临床药理,1998,9(4):242-244.
[168] 林国珍,刘冬梅,朱霖,等.注射用双黄连治疗小儿病毒性心肌炎疗效观察[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1998,18(10):601-603.
[169] 陈双璐,路国金.注射用双黄连与几种抗生素联合体外抑药活性的研究[J].现代应用药学,1998.15(4):58-60.
[170] 胡元亮,孔祥峰,李祥瑞,等.10种中药成分对CEF的增殖和抵抗NDV感染的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2004,35(3),301-305
[171] 任宇皓,胡元亮,刘家国,等.黄茂多糖、淫羊蕾多糖利淫羊蕾总黄酮对新城疫病毒感染细胞的影响[J].南京农业大学学报2001,24(2):102-105
[172] 裴天云,侯顺利,赵改敏,等.莪术油及莪术浸出液的抗病毒效果试验[J].中国兽医科技,1995(12) 14-17
[173] 许小琴,中海青,韦旭斌.中草药抗病毒实验药理学研究现状与展望[J].中兽医医药杂志,2004,4:48-51
[174] 李家泰.临床药理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.728.
[175] 胡亚美.儿科药物治疗学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2000.262.
[176] Chua K B, Bellini W.J,Rota P A, et al.Nipah virus:a recenily emergeni deadly Paramyxovirus[J]. Scieene, 2000, 288:1432-1435.
[177] Wolff.J A, Malone R,Williams P, et al. Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo. [J]. Science, 1990, 247:1:165-1468
[178]Williams R S. Introduction of foreign genes into tissues of living mice by DNA-coated microprojectiles. [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1991, 88(7):2726-2730.
[179]Tang D, DeVit M, Johnston S A. Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response. [J]. Nature, 1992, 356:152-154
[180]WangQ, Sun S, Hu Z, et al. Immune response and protection elicited by DNA immunization against Taenia cysticercosis. [J].Vaccine, 2003, 21(15):1672-1680.
[181]Minion F C, Menon S A, Mhairas G G, et al. Enhanced Murine Antigen-Specific Gamma Interferon and Immunoglobulin G2a Responses by Using Mycobacterial ESAT-6 Sequences in DNAVaccines. [J].Infect Immun,2003,71(40:2239-43.
[182] Harkness J W. The control of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. [J]Ann Res Vet,1987,18167-174
[183]Jeffereys Boyle, Anabel Silva, Jamie L, et al. DNA immunization: Induction of higher avidity antibody and effect of route on T cell cytotoxicity [J]. Immunology,1997 94:14626-14631
[184]Devon J, Shedlock and David B. Weiner. DNA vaccination:antigen presentation and the induction of immunity Journal of Leukocyte [J].Biology.2000;68:793-806
[185]Whitton J L, Rodriguez, ZhangJ, et al. DNA immunization mechanistic studies. [J]. Vaccinel, 1999, 17; 1612-1619
[186]Kucerova L. DNA/ Genetic Vaccination (Minireview ). [J].Viral Immunology, 1998, 11;55-56
[187]Wayne C, Lai and Michael B. DNA vaccines Critical Review in immunology, [J]. Viral Immunology, 1998,18,449-484
[188]Corr M, Lee D J, Carson D A, et al. Gene vaccination with naked plasmid DNA. Mechanism of CTL Priming [J]. EXP Med, 1996,184(8):1555-1560
[189]Lorne A, Babiuk.Nucleic acid vaccines:research tool or commercial reality. [J]. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology,76(2000)1-23
[190]Arthur M, Krieg.CPG motifs bacterial DNA and their immune effects [J]. Immunol. 2002.20:709-760
[191]R J Rouse, S K Nair,S L Lydy,et al. Induction in vitro of primary ciylotoxic T-lymphocyte responses with DNA encoding herpes simplex virus proteins. [J].Virol.1994;68(9):5685-5689
[192]Torres C A, Iwasaki A, Barber B H, et al. Differential dependence on target site tissue for gene gnn and intramuscular DNA immunizations. [J].Immunol, 1997,158:4529*-4532
[193] Yokoyama M, Hassett D E, Zhang J, et at. DNA immunization can stimulate florid Local inflammation and the antilviral immunity induced varies depending on injection site. [J]. Vaccine, 1997; 15(50;553-560
[194] Kucerova L. DNA/ Genetic vaccination(Minireview). [J]. Viral Immunology, 1998.11;55-63
[195] Cheng L, Ziegelhofler PR,Yang NS. In vivo promoter activity and transgene expression in mammalian somatic tissues evaluated by using particle bombardment. [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1993, 90: 4455-4458.
[196] Wolff J A, Ludtke J J, Acsadi G. Long-term persistence of plasmid DNA and foreign gene expression in mouse muscle. [J].Hum Mol Genet, 1992,1:363-365.
[197] M A Barry,M E Barry and S A Johnston, et al. Production of monoclonal antibodies by Genetic Immunization Biotechques, 1994, 16:616～619
[198] 李作生,余兴龙,李敏等.庆用DNA疫苗制备猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的研究,细胞与分子免疫学研究[J],2001,17(1):76-77
[199] 马刚,李作生,余兴左,等.猪瘟疫毒保护性抗原mE2蛋白单抗的制备极其抗原表位的初步分析[J],中国兽医学报22(2):121-124
[200] Montgomery D L, Shiver J W,Leander K R, et al. Heterologous and homologous protection against influenza A by DNA vaccination: Optimization of DNA vectors. DNA cell Biol,1993,12:777-783
[201] 王明连,李劲松.DNA疫苗的转染载体及免疫途径[J].生物技术通讯,2002,13:2,4-6
[202] Muszkat M, Greenbaum E, Ben-Yehuda A, et al. Local and systemic immune response in nursing-home elderly following intranasal or intramuscular immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine. [J].Vaccine 2003;21:1180-1186
[203] 郭丽宏,等.DNA疫苗免疫途径研究现状,国外医学病毒学分册[J].1996年6月第6卷,第一期9-12
[204] Wolff J A. Expression of naked plasmids by cultured myotubusand entry of plasmids into T tubnles and eaveolas of mammalian skeletal muscle. [J]. Cell Sci, 1992,103;1249-1259
[205] Raz E, Carson D A, Parker et al. lntradermal gene immunization:the possible role of DNA uptake in the induction of cellular immunity to viruses. [J].Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci USA, 199*4, 91:9519-9523
[206] Yankauckas M, A, Morrow J E, Parker S E, et al. Long-term anti-nucleoprotein cellular and humoral immunity is induced by intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA containing NP GENE. [J].DNA Cell Biol,1993 12:771-776
[207] Davis H L, Whalen R G, Demeneix B A. Direct gene transfer into skeletal muscle in vivo:Factors affecting efficiency of transfer and stability of expression. Human Gene Therapy, 1993,4:151-159
[208] L A Babiuk, R Pontarollo,S Babiuk, van Drunen Little-van den Hurk Vaccine. Induction of immune responses by DNA vaccines in large animals. 2003,21:649-658
[209] Davis H L, Whalen R G, Demeneix B A. Direct gene transfer into skeletal muscle in vivo:Factors affecting efficiency of transfer and stability of expression. Human Gene Therapy, 1993,4:151-159
[210] Schirmbeck R, Bohm W, Ando K. Nucleic acid vaccination primes hepatitis B virus surface antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in nonresponder mice. J. Virol. 1995 69:5929-5934.
[211] Tabuchi H and Hirose S. DNA supercoiling facilitates formation of the transcription initiation complex on the fibroin gene promoter J.Biol. Chem, Oct 1998:263:15282-15287
[212] Chert C C and Wu H Y Transcription-driven DNA supercoiling and gene expression control. [J]. Front Biosci,Jan 2003;8:430-9
[213] Danko I, Wolff J A. Direct gene transfer into muscle. [J].Vaccine, 1994,12 (16);1499-1502
[214] D Haddad, S Liljeqvist, S Stabl, et al. Comparative study of DNA-based immunization vectors:effect of secretion signals on the antibody responses in mice. [J].FEM Immunol Med Microbiot,Jul 1997;18(3):193-202
[215] Andre S, Seed B, Eberle J.et al. Increased immune response elicited by DNA vaccination with a synthetic gp120 sequence with optimized codon usage. [J]. Virol, 1998.72:1497～1503
[216] Wu Y, Kipps T.J, Deoxyribonucleis acid vaccines encoding antigens with rapid proteasome-dependent degradation are highly efficient inducers of cytolytic T lymphocytes. [J] Immunol, 1997,159:6037-6043
[217] Inchauspé G, Vitvitski L. Plasmid DNA expressing a secreted or a nonsecreted form of hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid;comparative studies of antibody and T-helper responses following genetic iminunization. [J].DNA Cell Biol,1997,16:185-195
[218] 余兴龙,涂长春,李红卫.猪瘟病毒E_2基因真核表达质粒的构建及基因疫苗的研究[J].中国病毒学2000,15(3):264-271
[219] Hurk D, Braun R P, Lewis P.J, et al. Intradermal immunization with a bovine herpesvirus-1 DNA vaccine induces protectiove immunity in cattle[J]. Gen Virol, 1998, 79:831-839
[220]Inchauspé G, Vitvitski L,Major M E, et al. Plasmid DNA expressing a secreted or a nonsecreted form of hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid:comparative studies of antibody and T-helper responses following genetic immunization. [J].DNA Cell Biol, 1997, 16:185-195
[221]Sato Y, Roman M, Tighe H et al. Immunostiomulatory DNA sequences necessary for effective intradermal gene immunization. [J].Science, 1996, 273:352-354
[222]Chow Y H, Huang W L, Chi W K. Improvement of hepatitis Bvirus DNA vaccines by plasmids coexpressing hepatitis B surface antigen and interleukin-2, [J]. Virol,1997
[223]Larsen D L, Sissoko D N, McGregor M W, et al. Coadministration of DNA encoding interleukin-6 and hemagglutinin cofers protection from influenza virus challenge mice. [J].Virol 198,72:1704-1708
[224]Kim J J, Bagarazzi M L, Trivedi N, et al.Engineering of in vivo immune responses DNA immunization via codelivery of costimulatory molecule genes. [J].Nat Biotechno 1997, 15:641-646
[225]Gottschalk S,Sparrow J T, et al.A novel DNA-peptide comples for efficient gev transfer snd expression in memmalian cells. [J].Gene Ther, 1996,3:448-457
[226]Coonrod A, LIFQ and Horwith M. On the mechanism of DNA transfection:efficier gene transfer without viruses. [Jj.Gene Therapy. 1997, 4;1313-1321
[227]Zelphati O, Nguyen C, Ferrari M, et al.Stable and monodisperse lipoplex formulatiov for gene delivery. [J].Gene Therapy. (1998)5;1272-1282
[228]Kichler A, Zauner W, Ogris M, et al. Influence of the DNA complexation mediumo the tranfection efficieny of lipospermine. [J]. DNA particles Gene Therapy(1998)5;85-860
[229]Yang J P and Huang L. Overcoming the inhibitory effect of serum on Iipo9fectionb increasing the charge ratio of cat ionic liposome to DNA. [J].Gene therapy(1997)4, 950-960
[230]Boussif O, Lezoualc H F, Antonietta Zanta M, et al.A versatile vectorfc gene and oligonucleotide transfer into cells in culture and in vivo;polyethylenimin [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci.USA biochemistry vol92:7287-7301
[231]Boleta A, Benigni A,Lutz J, et al.Nonviral gene delivery to the rat kidney wit polyenthylenimine. [J].Human gene therapy(1997)8:1243-1251
[232]Singh M, Briones M,Ott G,et al.Cationic microparticles:a POTENT DELIVERY SYSTEI FOR dna VACCINE. [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2000 Jan 18;97(2)811-6
[233]Walter E,Moelling K,Pavlovisc J, et al. Microencapsulation of DNA usin poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) :stability issues and release characteristics. [J]. Controlle Release 1999 Sep 20;61 (30:361-74
[234]Baker A, Saltik M, Lehrmann H, et al.Polyenthylenimine(PEI)is a simp inexpensive and effective reagent for condensing and linking plasmid DNA adenovirus for gene delivery. [J]. Gene Therapy. (1997)4,773~782.
[235]Simoes S,Slepushkin V, Gaspar R, et al. Gene delivery by negatively charged terna complexes of DNA, cationic liposome and transferring of fusigenic peptides. [J].Ger Therapy, 1998, 6;955-964.
[236]Duguid J G, Li C, Shi M, et al. A physicochemical approach for predicting tl effectiveness of peptide-base gene delivery systems for use in plasmid-based gen therapy. [J]. Biophysical Journal, 1999,2802-2814.
[237]Zhang F, Andreassen P, Fender P, et al. A transfecting peptide derived from adenovirus fiber protein. [J].Gene Therapy. (1999)6;171-181.
[238]Morris M C,Vidal P, Chaloin L,et al.A new peptide vector for efficient delivery of oligonucleotides into mammalian cells. [J].Nucleic Acids Research. 1997,25(14) :2730-2736.
[239]Midoux P, Kichler A, Boutin V, et al.Membrane permeabilization and efficient gene transfer by a peptide containing several histidines. [J].Bioconjugate Chem,1998,9:260-267.
[240]Demirhan I, Hasselmayer O, Chandra A. et al.Histone-m, ediated transfer and expression of the HIV-1 tat gene in Jurkat cells. [J]. Hum Virol. 1998, 1(7) :430-40
[24l]Knight A, Carvajal J, Schneider H, et at. Non-viral neuronal gene delivery mediated by the HC fragment of tetanus toxin. Eur [J]. Biochem, 1999, 256(3):762-9
[242]Braun H, Boiler K, Lower J, et al. Oligonucleotide and plasmid DNA packaging into polyma VP1 virus-like particles expressed in escherichia coli. [J].Biotechnol appl biochem, 1999, 29(Ptl):31-43
[243]Krieg A M, Yi A K,Matson S, et al.CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. [J].Nature,1995,374(6522):546-569
[244]Sato Y, Roman M, Tighe H, et al. Immunostimulatory DNA sequences necessary for effective intradermal gene immunization. [J].Science, 1996, 273(5273):352-354.
[245]Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Kataoke T,et al.Unique palindromes sequences in synthetic oligonucleotides are required to induce IFN and augment IFN-mediated natural killer activity. [J]. Immunol,1992,148(12):4072-4076.
[246]Temperton N J, Quenelle D C,Lawson K M, et al. Enhancement of humoral immune responses to a human cytomegalovirus NDA vaccine:Adjuvant effects of aluminum phosphate and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. [J]. Med Virol,2003,70(1):86-90.
[247]Kusakabe K, Xin KQ, Katoh H, et al. The timing of GM-CSF expression plasmid administration influences the Thl/Th2 response induced by an HIV-1-specific DNA vaccine. [J] Immunol,2000,164(6):3102-3111.
[248]Barouch D H, Santra S,Steenbeke T D, et al. Augmentation and suppression of immune responses to an HIV-1 DNA vaccine by plasmid cytokine/Ig administration. [J]. Immunol,1998,161 (4) : 1875-1882.
[249]Haig D M, Hutchinson G, Green I, et al. The effect of intradermal injection of GM-CSF and TNF-alpha on the accumulation of dendritic cells in ovine skin. [J].Vet Dermatol, 1995,6:211-220.
[250]Youssef S, Wildbaum G, Maor G, et al.Long-lasting protective immunity to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis following vaccination with naked DNA encoding C-C chemokines [J]. Immunol, 1998,161(8):3870-3879.
[251]Youssef S,Wildbaum G,Karin N, et al.Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisby MIP-lalpha and MCP-1 naked DNA vaccines. [J]. Autoimmun, 1999, 13(10:21-29.
[252]Agadjanyan M G, Kin J J, Trivedi N, et al. CD86(B7-2)can function to drive MHC-restricted antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo. [J]. Immunol, 1999, 162(6):3417-3427.
[253]Flo J, Tisminetzky S, Baralle F, et al. Modulation of the immune response to DNA vaccine by co-delivery of costimulatry molecules. [J]. Immunology, 2000, 100(6):259-267
[254]Gurunathan S, Irvine K R, Wu CY,et al,CD40 ligand/rimer DNA enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses and induces protective immunity to infectious and tumor challenge. [J]. Immunol, 1998,161(9):4563-4571.
[255]Okada E, Sasaki S, Ishii N,et al. Intranasal immunization of a DNA vaccine with IL-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)-expressing plasmids in liposomes against HIV-1 antigens. [J]. Immunol, 1997, 159(70:3638-3647)
[256]Iwasaki A, Atiernholm B J, Chan A K, et al.Enhanced CTL responses mediated by plasmid DNA immunogens encoding costimulatory molecules and cytokines. [J]. Immunol, 1997, 158(10):4591-4601.
[257]Barber B H. The immunotargeting approach to adjuvant-independent subunit vaccine design. Sem [J]. Immunol,1997,9(5):293-301.
[258]Boyle J S, Brady J L, Lew A M. Enhanced responses to a DNA vaccine encoding a fusion antigen that is directed to sites of immune induction. [J]. Nature, 1998, 392(6674):408-411.
[259]Wand H.Griffiths M N,Burton D R, et al. Rapid antibody responses by low-dose, single-step,dendritic cell-targeted immunization, [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2000, 97(2):847-852.
[260]Deliyannis G, Boyle J S, Brady J L,et al.A fusion DNA vaccine that targets antigen-[presenting cells increases protection from viral challenge. [J].Proc Natl Aacd Sci USA, 2000, 97(12):6676-6680.
[261]Chaplin P J, Derose R, Boyle J S, et al. Targeting improves the efficacy of a DNA vaccine against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in sheep. [J].Infect Immun, 1999,67(12) : 6434-6438.
[262]Lew A M, Brady B J, Boyle B J, Site-directed immune responses in DNA vaccines encoding ligand-antigen fusions. [J].Vaccine, 2000, 18(16):1681-1685.
[263]Doe B, Selby M, Barnett, at al.1996. Induction of cytotoxic T lymph of intramuscular immunization with plasmid DNA is facilitated by bone marrow derived cells. A cad. [J]. Sci. USA93, 8578-8583.
[264]Wensvoort G, Terpstra C. Bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in piglets born to sows vaccinated against swine fever with a contaminated vaccines. [J].Res Vet Sci,1988, 45:143-148
[265]Pellerin C. van den Hurk J,Lecomte J.Identification of a new group of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities. [J]. Virology, 1994, 203:260-268
[266]Ridpath J F, Bolin S R, Segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus into genotypes. [J].Virology. 1994,205;66-74
[267] G H Wentink and C Terpstra. Congress report on progress in pestivirus virology. [J]. vet Quart 1999:21:163-165
[268] C Terppstra and G WensVoort. A Congenital persistent infesistent infection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in pigs:clinical,virological and immunological observations, [J]. vet quart 1997:19:97-101
[269]Schneider R, Unger G, stark R, et al. Identification of a structural glycoprotein of an RNA Virus as ribonuclease [J]. sci, 1993,261:1169-1171
[270] 林万明,医学分于微生物进展(第二集)[M],北京,人民军医出版社 134-138
[271]Shiping zh, eoffrey z and Ernanuel G, Low usage codons inEscherichia coli, yeast, fruit fly and primates [J].Gene, 1991105:61-72
[272]Chen T, and Inouye M. Suppression of the negative effect of minor argine codons on gene expression, preferential usage of minor codons within the first 25 codons of the Eschis coli genes. [J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 1990,18:1465-1473.
[273]Hockney R. C. Recent developments in heterologous protein in Escherichia coli Trends in Biotech 1994, 12(11):456-463.
[274] Montgomery D L, Shiver J W, Leander K R, et al. Heterologous and homologous protection against influenza A by DNA vaccination: Optimization of DNA vectors. [J].DNA cell Biol, 1993, 12:777-783
[275]Fischer L, Barzu S, Andreoni C, et al.DNA vaccination of neonate piglets in the face of maternal immunity induces humoral memory and protection against a virulent pseudorabies virus challenge. [J]Vaccine, 200321(15):1732-1741.
[276]Zhao Z, Wakita T, Yasui K. Inoculation of plasmids Encoding Japanese Encephalitis Virus PrM-E proteins with colloidal gold Elicits a protective Immune Response in BALB/C Mice. [J].Virol, 2003,77(7):4248-4260.
[277]Minion F C, Menon S A, Mahairas G G, et el Enhanced Murine Antigen-Specific Gamma Sequences in DNA Vaccines. [J].Infect Immun, 2003(4):2239-2243.
[278]Skinner M A, Ramsay A J,Buchan G S, et al.A DNA prime-live vaccine boost strategy in mice can augment IFN-gamma responses to mycobacterial antigens but does not increase the protective efficacy of two attenuated strains of Mycobacterium bovis against bovine tuberculosis. [J]. Immunology,2003, 108(4):548-555
[279] Chen Y, Hu D, Eling DJ, et al. DNA vaccines encoding full-length or truncated neu induce protective immunity against neuinduce protective immunity against neu-expressing mammary tumors. [J].Cancer Res, 1998, 58:1965-1971.
[280]Donnelly J J.Friedman A,Martinez D, et al. preclinical efficacy of a prototype DNA vaccine:enhanced protecyion against antigenic drift in influenza virus. [J]. Nat Med, 1995, 1 (6):583-587.
[281] 闻平,何艳,叶庆林,等.中性红比色法检测细胞增殖活性[J].镇江医学院学报,2000,10(1):161～163.
[282] 高英杰,贺玉琢,沈鸿,等.中性红染料吸收法在抗病毒药物研究中的应用[J].中药药理与临床,1998,14(4):45-47.
[283] 李宏全,段县平,马海利,等.黄芪多糖对鸡新城疫和传染性腔上囊病疫苗免疫力的影响[J].中国兽医科技,2001,31(9):12～14.
[284] 侯慧英,秦荣,王玉珍.蒙药广枣总黄酮对小鼠体液免疫功能影响的研究[J].中国民族医药杂志,1998,4(4):38-39.
[285] 夏雪雁,彭仁,王智勇.当归多糖及其分离组分对小鼠免疫功能的调节效应[J].武汉大学学报(医学版),2001,22(3):204-207.
[286] 张国刚,宋少江,徐绥绪,等.抗病毒无菌粉针剂抗病毒作用的研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2002,19 (6)433-447
[287] 董杰德,夏洪印,于修平,等.中草药和镉对心肌细胞生长代谢及其抗病毒的实验研究[J].中国病毒学,1995,10(2):104～109
[288] Escuret V, Parvaz P, Hantz O, et al. Study of the antiviral mechanism of action of ribavirin in the bovine viral diarrhea virus model. [J].Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2002, Jun-Jul, 26 (6-7):584-590.
[289] Koichiro Yanagida Chiaki Baba, Masanori Baba. Inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by mizoribine: synergistic effect of combination with interferon-α. [J].Antiviral Research, 2004, 1952:1—7
[290] David Durantel, Sandra Carroue'e-Durantel, et al. Effects of Interferon, Ribavirin, and Iminosugar Derivatives on Cells Persistently Infected with Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Antimicrobial agent and chemotherapy, 2004, Feb, p:497-504
[291] M Daniel Givensa, David A, Stringfellowa, et al. Prevention and elimination of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in fetal fibroblast cells. [J].Antiviral Research, 2004, 64:113-118
[292] M D Givens, P K Galik, K P Riddell et al. Effects of aromatic cationic molecules on bovine viral diarrhea virus and embryonic development. Theriogenology, 2004
[293] Jin-Hua Sun, Julie A,Donald R, et al. Specific Inhibition of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Replicase. Journal of virology, 2003, June, p. 6753-6760
[294] 殷震,刘景华主编,动物病毒学第二版[M].北京:科学技术出版社1997.204-46
[295] Diderholm, H. & Dinter, Z. Interference between strains of bovine virus diarrhea virus and their capacity to suppress interferon of a heterogonous virus. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1966, 121, 976-980
[296] B Charleston, M D Fray. Establishment of persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle is associated with a failure to induce type Ⅰ interferon. Journal of General Virology, 2001, 82:1893-1897
[297] 王乐元,江焕贤,兰玉珍.猪白细胞干扰素在细胞培养物中干扰牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病(BVD/MD)病毒的试验[J].中国兽药杂志,2001,35(2):30～32.
[298] 胡思顺摘,毕丁仁校,BVDV减毒或灭活疫苗诱导犊牛产生1型和2型抗体应答,《国外医学》预防、诊断、治疗用生物制品分册.[J].2001,24(4)187-188
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |