碳纤维布加固柱抗扭性能的试验研究
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摘要
柱在地震时除承受弯、剪外,受扭作用也不可忽视,本试验主要对弯、剪、扭复杂内力共同作用下CFS加固钢筋混凝土柱的抗扭性能进行了研究,在查阅了大量相关文献后,根据国内外研究现状和具体成果,制定出自己的试验方案和设计思路;目前国内外对柱的抗扭加固研究较少,本文着重对柱的抗扭加固进行了研究,首先设计了试验构件的形状,其底部为一长方体墩台,为了将其固定在地面,在墩台上预留有两个穿螺丝杠的孔道,然后在墩台上浇筑一个倒L型柱,出挑部是是按照刚度的要求设计的出挑刚臂梁,这样在刚臂梁上施加一个横向力就可以完成对柱扭矩的施加,在试验时用钢板特制了一套夹具,其主要作用是连接MTS设备与刚臂梁,试验完成后对得出的数据进行了处理,完成对极限承载力,延性等各项内容的分析,最后得出用碳纤维布进行受扭加固可大幅地提高柱的极限承载力,使柱的延性提高,耗能能力增强。在试验中发现了加固柱破坏截面的变化规律,通过ANSYS结构分析程序对试验的整个过程进行了模拟,并将试验结果、计算结果与ANSYS模拟结果作了比较。
The column is one of important structural components among frame structures; it assumes the role bearing the loading from the building floor and above the beam. Due to the earthquake, the destruction of the column makes the whole structure lose bearing capacity and collapse, seriously damaging people’s life and possession security. When the earthquake is coming, the column will take not only bending and shear, sometimes also torque; during the earthquake, wave can cause the action of earthquake power in both two directions of X-axis and Y-axis of building structure, which can be imitated by structural design soft wares, for example, PKPM; If there are floors with unevenly distributed quality, especially the above quality is much more than the below one, the torsion phenomena will be more obvious. Besides, the structure form is irregular and the quality center is away from axis, the torsion destruction is also caused.
CFRP is a new reinforcing material with the characters of being highly strength, light in quality, anti-erosion and anti-fatigue. Anti-pull ability of CFRP in filament direction is very high, even up to 8-18times steel bar and it is mainly used to produce carbon fiber plate, carbon fiber bar, carbon fiber strip, carbon fiber cable, carbon fiber fabric, such as carbon fiber sheet; this thesis is to use carbon fiber to reinforcement and concrete columns and test its torsional behavior. According to the code of torsional behavior, in the test, I have preproducted the six columns, designed the different test parameters, namely, different length and different axial compression, and different layers of carbon fiber reinforcement; in this experiment, this text MTS electro-hydraulic loading device, hydraulic jack, steel beam, screw bars, steel fixture, steel pad plate and wheel are used to be combined into a reverse wheel loading device for loading on the six components; based on the imposed force and measured displacement, drawing the stress - strain curve (stress-strain curves), and according to its full extent, analyzed the reinforced columns ductility, ultimate load, displacement. By monitoring the strain gauges posted on the inside of strengthening column, I studied the strain by the internal fixture and established a mathematical model. I used ANSYS finite element analysis software to make a quasi-static analysis of the studied reinforcement columns and compared results with the experimental results.
By experiments, it comes to that under the bending, shear and torsion complex stress, concrete columns of the same carbon fiber reinforced layers under different axial compression ratio, the greater axial compression ratio is, the better the torsional behavior properties are; the firmer the joint point between the top of column and steel arm beam and the closer the surface of the shear destruction is to the bottom of the column, and the more full hysteresis loop is, stronger energy dissipation is, better ductility is; the study of concrete columns of the same carbon fiber reinforced layers under different axial compression ratio concluded that the more layers of carbon fiber reinforcement are, the stronger the anti-torsion is, the more the joint point of columns needs to be reinforced; the test also obtained if the column's upper and lower joint points have the same reinforcement forms and reinforcement amount, then the damage by torsion must occur at the bottom of the column complex stress area, when the column is reinforced for torsion, the more reinforcement must be focused on the column root; through the study of the torsional behavior properties of two sets of concrete columns with different lengths, it came to that the shorter the length of column is, the higher the loading power is after being reinforced; the longer the length of the column is ultimate loading capacity became weak, but strength reinforced by the more high, the longer the ultimate bearing capacity of pillars weakened, but the greater the ultimate torsion angle is, the more obvious the damage phenomenon is, the better the ductility. In test, there is sudden fracture phenomena of the carbon fiber in middle of column angle and the bottom of the column; from carbon fiber strain data collected from the experiments, when components were being destructed, great changes happened to CFRP, indicating CFRP plays a significant role in the torsional behavior of component. By monitoring strain of steel bar in columns, it shows in the pure torsion region at the top of column, the longgitudinal steel bar in the four corners inside column play a significant role in torsional behavior, a shorter set reinforces the above and below vertical bars and is contrary to the stirrup strain, when longgitudinal steel bar becomes small, the stirrup strain is big, and longgitudinal steel bar becomes rather big, the stirrup strain is very small; the longer set has the rather same changes to the above and below steel bar strain; This phenomenon shows that the longer the column is, the better collaboration between the steel bar and concrete. By monitoring the strain of carbon fiber, it is observed that when the destructive interface is coming to bond stress gauge, there is great development to the strain of carbon fiber; by modified compression field theory, strain compatibility equation and force balance equation can be gotten, constitutive relations were established, and the strain at the crack was checked. The calculation equation obtained by the above modeling analysis can calculate torsional loading capacity of combined action of bending-shear-torsion rectangle section of steel concrete reinforced by carbon fiber sheet; through the comparison of the calculated result and test one, it is concluded that the torsion analysis of the reinforced column by using modified compression field theory is a feasible approach.
At present, domestic and foreign researches pay much attention to the properties of carbon fiber filaments’high tensile strength in the direction of fiber silk and using carbon fiber materials on the beam, column bending, shear strengthening, while less attention to torsion reinforcing study of beam and column.When the earthquake occurs, torsions that can be ignored always happen to building structure, especially uneven distribution and disaccord between center of an area and center of gravity under the complex earthquake power. Therefore, the torsion test research of concrete components wrapped with carbon fiber has very magnificent significance to the application of the practical project and enrichment of study theories. According to the trial conclusion I think that the node part between beam and column in structure is always a weak link, so special attention should be paid to it in strengthening structure, especially the weakness of node fully wrapped with carbon fiber sheet is more apparent, hence the node part should be heavily strengthened, and observed from strengthening scale, the reinforcement at the bottom of the column must be greater than at the top of it.
The column is one of important structural components among frame structures; it assumes the role bearing the loading from the building floor and above the beam. Due to the earthquake, the destruction of the column makes the whole structure lose bearing capacity and collapse, seriously damaging people’s life and possession security. When the earthquake is coming, the column will take not only bending and shear, sometimes also torque; during the earthquake, wave can cause the action of earthquake power in both two directions of X-axis and Y-axis of building structure, which can be imitated by structural design soft wares, for example, PKPM; If there are floors with unevenly distributed quality, especially the above quality is much more than the below one, the torsion phenomena will be more obvious. Besides, the structure form is irregular and the quality center is away from axis, the torsion destruction is also caused.
CFRP is a new reinforcing material with the characters of being highly strength, light in quality, anti-erosion and anti-fatigue. Anti-pull ability of CFRP in filament direction is very high, even up to 8-18times steel bar and it is mainly used to produce carbon fiber plate, carbon fiber bar, carbon fiber strip, carbon fiber cable, carbon fiber fabric, such as carbon fiber sheet; this thesis is to use carbon fiber to reinforcement and concrete columns and test its torsional behavior. According to the code of torsional behavior, in the test, I have preproducted the six columns, designed the different test parameters, namely, different length and different axial compression, and different layers of carbon fiber reinforcement; in this experiment, this text MTS electro-hydraulic loading device, hydraulic jack, steel beam, screw bars, steel fixture, steel pad plate and wheel are used to be combined into a reverse wheel loading device for loading on the six components; based on the imposed force and measured displacement, drawing the stress - strain curve (stress-strain curves), and according to its full extent, analyzed the reinforced columns ductility, ultimate load, displacement. By monitoring the strain gauges posted on the inside of strengthening column, I studied the strain by the internal fixture and established a mathematical model. I used ANSYS finite element analysis software to make a quasi-static analysis of the studied reinforcement columns and compared results with the experimental results.
By experiments, it comes to that under the bending, shear and torsion complex stress, concrete columns of the same carbon fiber reinforced layers under different axial compression ratio, the greater axial compression ratio is, the better the torsional behavior properties are; the firmer the joint point between the top of column and steel arm beam and the closer the surface of the shear destruction is to the bottom of the column, and the more full hysteresis loop is, stronger energy dissipation is, better ductility is; the study of concrete columns of the same carbon fiber reinforced layers under different axial compression ratio concluded that the more layers of carbon fiber reinforcement are, the stronger the anti-torsion is, the more the joint point of columns needs to be reinforced; the test also obtained if the column's upper and lower joint points have the same reinforcement forms and reinforcement amount, then the damage by torsion must occur at the bottom of the column complex stress area, when the column is reinforced for torsion, the more reinforcement must be focused on the column root; through the study of the torsional behavior properties of two sets of concrete columns with different lengths, it came to that the shorter the length of column is, the higher the loading power is after being reinforced; the longer the length of the column is ultimate loading capacity became weak, but strength reinforced by the more high, the longer the ultimate bearing capacity of pillars weakened, but the greater the ultimate torsion angle is, the more obvious the damage phenomenon is, the better the ductility. In test, there is sudden fracture phenomena of the carbon fiber in middle of column angle and the bottom of the column; from carbon fiber strain data collected from the experiments, when components were being destructed, great changes happened to CFRP, indicating CFRP plays a significant role in the torsional behavior of component. By monitoring strain of steel bar in columns, it shows in the pure torsion region at the top of column, the longgitudinal steel bar in the four corners inside column play a significant role in torsional behavior, a shorter set reinforces the above and below vertical bars and is contrary to the stirrup strain, when longgitudinal steel bar becomes small, the stirrup strain is big, and longgitudinal steel bar becomes rather big, the stirrup strain is very small; the longer set has the rather same changes to the above and below steel bar strain; This phenomenon shows that the longer the column is, the better collaboration between the steel bar and concrete. By monitoring the strain of carbon fiber, it is observed that when the destructive interface is coming to bond stress gauge, there is great development to the strain of carbon fiber; by modified compression field theory, strain compatibility equation and force balance equation can be gotten, constitutive relations were established, and the strain at the crack was checked. The calculation equation obtained by the above modeling analysis can calculate torsional loading capacity of combined action of bending-shear-torsion rectangle section of steel concrete reinforced by carbon fiber sheet; through the comparison of the calculated result and test one, it is concluded that the torsion analysis of the reinforced column by using modified compression field theory is a feasible approach.
At present, domestic and foreign researches pay much attention to the properties of carbon fiber filaments’high tensile strength in the direction of fiber silk and using carbon fiber materials on the beam, column bending, shear strengthening, while less attention to torsion reinforcing study of beam and column.When the earthquake occurs, torsions that can be ignored always happen to building structure, especially uneven distribution and disaccord between center of an area and center of gravity under the complex earthquake power. Therefore, the torsion test research of concrete components wrapped with carbon fiber has very magnificent significance to the application of the practical project and enrichment of study theories. According to the trial conclusion I think that the node part between beam and column in structure is always a weak link, so special attention should be paid to it in strengthening structure, especially the weakness of node fully wrapped with carbon fiber sheet is more apparent, hence the node part should be heavily strengthened, and observed from strengthening scale, the reinforcement at the bottom of the column must be greater than at the top of it.
引文
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[2]岳清瑞杨勇新著复合材料在建筑加固、修复中的应用[M]化学工业出版社2005
[3]贺福著碳纤维及其应用技术[M]化学工业出版社2004
[4]尚晓江、邱峰、赵海峰等著ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用(第二版)[M]中国水利水电出版社
[5]邓凡平著ANSYS 10.0有限元分析自学手册[M]人民邮电出版社
[6]混凝土结构设计规范(GB50010—2002) [S]中国建筑工业出版社
[7]朱伯芳著有限单元法原理与应用[M]中国水利水电出版社530—563
[8]赵彤,刘明国,谢剑.碳纤维布用于改善斜向受力高强混凝土柱抗震性能的研究[J].土木工程学报,2002,第35卷第3期13-19
[9]张轲,岳清瑞,叶列平,等.碳纤维加固混凝土柱改善延性的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2000,第30卷第2期16-19
[10]李忠献,许成祥,景萌,等.碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2002,第23卷第6期41-48
[11]李忠献、景萌、苏标、王秀存碳纤维布加固弯剪扭复合受力的钢筋混凝土箱梁抗扭性能的模型试验[J]土木工程学报2005第38卷第12期38-44,69
[12]王秀存、景萌、苏标、李忠献碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土弯剪扭复合受力构件的受力分析[J]第三届全国现代结构工程学术研讨会工业建筑2003增刊942-946
[13]丁阳、李忠献、王秀存、苏标碳纤维布加固弯剪扭复合受力的钢筋混凝土箱梁抗扭性能的理论分析[J]土木工程学报2005第38卷第12期46——50,93
[14]王震宇、卢学磊、李伟、王代玉塑性铰区碳纤维约束高强混凝土圆柱抗震性能的试验研究[J]建筑结构第37卷第2期21-24,51
[15]潘英民钢筋混凝土柱碳纤维加固施工技术建材与装饰2007年8下旬刊
[16]曾自雄框架柱碳纤维加固的应用和探讨江西建材2006第4期
[17]亓华容浅谈碳纤维加固工艺山西建筑第34卷第3期172-173
[18]李珂、刘进朝碳纤维(CFRP)加固钢筋混凝土柱的施工技术甘肃科技第24卷第10期137-138
[19]刘中豪碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土柱的施工技术江苏冶金第32卷第4期51-53
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