我国企业技术标准战略选择研究
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摘要
本文以技术标准战略理论为基础，运用了对策研究和比较研究及案例研究的方法，针对我国的具体情况，对我国企业如何选择技术标准战略进行了研究。
首先，笔者介绍了技术标准战略的基本概念——标准化、技术标准和技术标准战略，阐明了标准化、技术标准和技术标准战略三者之间的关系：技术标准战略的运用贯穿于标准化的全过程之中，技术标准是技术标准战略和标准化的内容和基础：还阐述了技术标准战略的基本理论——技术标准战略在经济学中的理论基础、在国家层面上的技术标准战略、在企业层面上的技术标准战略。然后，在文章中，将国家层面上及企业层面上的技术标准战略扩展开来进行论述。在国家层面上，借鉴了国际及国外各国技术标准战略的应用现状，针对我国的实际情况，提出了我国国家层面上的技术标准战略选择；在企业层面上，根据企业的各自实力的不同，提出了企业对技术标准战略的选择研究。
政府在技术创新日新月异的今天，依靠技术标准战略推动信息化，加快实现现代工业化，其迫切性和重要性是不言而喻的。技术标准战略的运用和选择是提高民族创新能力的基础，是我国经济和社会腾飞的一项重要战略部署，是加快现代工业化进程中的重要抉择。成为技术标准制定者除与企业技术标准本身的技术水平有关外，还取决于其企业左右市场的能力，取决于企业的市场运作技巧，更取决于企业运用和选择技术标准战略的情况。企业了解技术标准战略的游戏规则，并将其结合自己的情况用之一、二必将给企业带来巨大的经济效益。
The method of selecting technology standard strategy aiming at actuality of government and corporation of our country is analyzed with the aid of countermeasure research, compare research and case research in this article that is based on technology standard strategy theory.
At first, the penman presents fundamental concepts of technology standard strategy-standardization, technology standard, technology standard strategy and the relationship between them: technology standard strategies are applied in the process of standardization, technology standard is the content and foundation of technology standard strategy and standardization; the penman also puts forward basic theory of technology standard strategy-the theory base of technology standard strategy in economics, the application of technology standard strategy in the whole nation , the application of technology standard strategy in the corporation. And then, the technology standard strategies both of the corporation and of the nation are addressed in the next few chapters: in the nation level, the author uses the actuality of applications of technology standard strategies of international organization and foreign countries for reference, aims at our country's actual instance, brings forward the selecting of technology standa
rd strategies in our country's level; in the enterprise level, the author presents the selecting of technology standard strategies of corporation of our country' according to their own strength.
It is the self-evident impendency and significance that government depends on technology standard strategy to drive communication and quicken modern industrialization under the background that technology innovation changes quickly. The using and selecting of technology standard strategy is the base of boosting national innovation capability, an important tactic deployment to push the development of our country' economy and society and an important choice to quicken the process of modern industrialization. Whether to become technology framer is not only concerning with technology level of enterprises' technology standard itself but also concerning with the enterprises' capability of affecting market, enterprises' market operating skill and the complexion of the using and selecting of technology
standard strategy. It can bring enterprises tremendous economy benefit that enterprises know the game rule of technology standard strategy and make use of it.
首先，笔者介绍了技术标准战略的基本概念——标准化、技术标准和技术标准战略，阐明了标准化、技术标准和技术标准战略三者之间的关系：技术标准战略的运用贯穿于标准化的全过程之中，技术标准是技术标准战略和标准化的内容和基础：还阐述了技术标准战略的基本理论——技术标准战略在经济学中的理论基础、在国家层面上的技术标准战略、在企业层面上的技术标准战略。然后，在文章中，将国家层面上及企业层面上的技术标准战略扩展开来进行论述。在国家层面上，借鉴了国际及国外各国技术标准战略的应用现状，针对我国的实际情况，提出了我国国家层面上的技术标准战略选择；在企业层面上，根据企业的各自实力的不同，提出了企业对技术标准战略的选择研究。
政府在技术创新日新月异的今天，依靠技术标准战略推动信息化，加快实现现代工业化，其迫切性和重要性是不言而喻的。技术标准战略的运用和选择是提高民族创新能力的基础，是我国经济和社会腾飞的一项重要战略部署，是加快现代工业化进程中的重要抉择。成为技术标准制定者除与企业技术标准本身的技术水平有关外，还取决于其企业左右市场的能力，取决于企业的市场运作技巧，更取决于企业运用和选择技术标准战略的情况。企业了解技术标准战略的游戏规则，并将其结合自己的情况用之一、二必将给企业带来巨大的经济效益。
The method of selecting technology standard strategy aiming at actuality of government and corporation of our country is analyzed with the aid of countermeasure research, compare research and case research in this article that is based on technology standard strategy theory.
At first, the penman presents fundamental concepts of technology standard strategy-standardization, technology standard, technology standard strategy and the relationship between them: technology standard strategies are applied in the process of standardization, technology standard is the content and foundation of technology standard strategy and standardization; the penman also puts forward basic theory of technology standard strategy-the theory base of technology standard strategy in economics, the application of technology standard strategy in the whole nation , the application of technology standard strategy in the corporation. And then, the technology standard strategies both of the corporation and of the nation are addressed in the next few chapters: in the nation level, the author uses the actuality of applications of technology standard strategies of international organization and foreign countries for reference, aims at our country's actual instance, brings forward the selecting of technology standa
rd strategies in our country's level; in the enterprise level, the author presents the selecting of technology standard strategies of corporation of our country' according to their own strength.
It is the self-evident impendency and significance that government depends on technology standard strategy to drive communication and quicken modern industrialization under the background that technology innovation changes quickly. The using and selecting of technology standard strategy is the base of boosting national innovation capability, an important tactic deployment to push the development of our country' economy and society and an important choice to quicken the process of modern industrialization. Whether to become technology framer is not only concerning with technology level of enterprises' technology standard itself but also concerning with the enterprises' capability of affecting market, enterprises' market operating skill and the complexion of the using and selecting of technology
standard strategy. It can bring enterprises tremendous economy benefit that enterprises know the game rule of technology standard strategy and make use of it.
引文
[1] 安月英．WTO框架内我国技术标准的保护和发展，图书馆，2002，3．
[2] 潘锋．中国科技实施标准战略．科学时报，2003，3．
[3] 彭北青．标准资源优化和合理利用的战略思考．导向战略，2002，10．
[4] 叶林威，戚昌文．技术标准战略在企业中的运用．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，2．
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[9] 邹凤岭．治与标准：非关税壁垒的应对之策．中国标准化，2001，1．
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[11] Bruce D.Sunstein. Patent Portfolio Management and Technical Standard Setting:How to Avoid Loss of Patent Rights. Copyright2002 Bromberg&Sunstein LLP.
[12] 张平，马骁．技术标准战略与知识产权战略的结合(1)，电子知识产权．2003，1．
[13] W. Brain Arthur. Increasing Returns and the New World of Business. Harvard Business Review, July/August 1996.
[14] Marco Iansiti, Jonathan West. Technology Integration: Turning Great Research into Great Products. Harvard Business Review, May/June 1997.
[15] Henry W. Chesbrough, David J. Teece. When Is Virtual Virtuous? Organizing for Innovation. Harvard Business Review, Jan/Feb 1996.
[16] Charles R. Morris, Charles H. Ferguson. How Architecture Wins Technology Wars. Harvard Business Review, March/April 1993.
[17] West J. Qualcomm's Standards Strategy. Standardization and Innovation Information Technology, 2001 2nd IEEE Conference,2001.
[18] Hjelm B, Long K. Standard, Strategy and Wireless Network Planning. Standardization and Innovation Information Technology, 2001 2nd IEEE Conference,2001.
[19] 彭北青．我国实施标准战略中的若干重要问题探讨．中国软科学，2003，1．
[20] 王平．中国标准化管理体制：问题及对策．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，3．
[21] Balto,David A.Standard Setting in 21th Century Network Economy. Computer and Internet Lawyer,June,2001.
[22] 国际/欧洲标准化机构最新统计数字．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，5．
[23] 王金玉．国外标准化发展战略研究．世界标准化与质量管理，2001，11．
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[25] IEC Master plan 2000.2000,9. http://webstore.ansi.org.
[26] 赵祖明．借鉴国外标准化有益经验的几点思考．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，1．
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[28] Timothy J.Muris.Competition and Intellectual Property Policy: The Way Ahead, before the American Bar Association Antitrust Section Fall Forrum,November 15,2001.
[29] National Standards Strategy for the United States.2000,9.
[30] 日本工业标准调查会．日本标准化战略．2001．
[31] Canadian Standards Strategy and Implementation, 2000,3.
[32] 王金玉．国外标准化战略及对我国的影响．世界标准化与质量管理，2002，10．
[33] 国务院办公厅关于加强认证认可工作的通知．http://www.whbts.gov.cn．
[34] 刘宇兰．浅析我国企业质量体系认证中存在的问题．世界标准化与质量管理，2000，12．
[35] 郭若虚．我国如何应对入世后的贸易技术壁垒．世界标准化与质量管理，2000，9．
[36] 蒋恩尧，李丹．我国技术标准工作中的主要问题及其对策研究．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，5．
[37] 于欣丽．应对“入世”挑战与保护民族工业的标准化对策．世界标准化与质量管理，2002，4．
[38] 王金玉．国外标准化战略及其对我国的影响．世界标准信息，2003，2．
[39] Carl Shapiro, Hal R. Varian. Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, 1999. ISBN: 087584863X
[40] V. K. Narayanan. Management Technology and Innovation for Competitive Advantage. Boston, Mass: Hardcover, 09 August, 2000 ISBN: 0130305065
[41] Little.A.D. The Strategic Management of Technology. Material originally presented at the 1981 European Management Forum in Davos.
[42] 李岚．TD-SCDMA的竞争优势与发展战略．世界标准化与质量管理，2002，11．
[43] Lei,D.and Slocum,Jr.,J.W.Global Strategy,Competence Building and Strategic Alliances.California Management Review,1992.
[44] 郑全录．用先进技术及标准打造企业核心竞争力．中国国际标准化与装备制造业发展论坛，专家报告集，2003，9．
[45] Mark A.Lemley. Standardizing-Government Standard-Setting Policy for Electronic Commerce.http//www.thelenmeid.com.
[46] Fusfeld,H.I and Haclich,C.S.Cooperative R&D for Competitors.Harvard Business Review,November-December 1985,
[2] 潘锋．中国科技实施标准战略．科学时报，2003，3．
[3] 彭北青．标准资源优化和合理利用的战略思考．导向战略，2002，10．
[4] 叶林威，戚昌文．技术标准战略在企业中的运用．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，2．
[5] 古月．标准化知识问答(1)．世界标准化与质量管理，2000，6．
[6] 张平，马骁．技术标准与专利许可策略，http://www.netlawcn.com．
[7] 古月．标准化知识问答(4)．世界标准化与质量管理，2000，10．
[8] 古月．标准化知识问答(2)．世界标准化与质量管理，2000，7．
[9] 邹凤岭．治与标准：非关税壁垒的应对之策．中国标准化，2001，1．
[10] Richard S. Taffet. Patent Technology and Standard Setting: A Standard Development Organization View. http://www.thelenreid.com.
[11] Bruce D.Sunstein. Patent Portfolio Management and Technical Standard Setting:How to Avoid Loss of Patent Rights. Copyright2002 Bromberg&Sunstein LLP.
[12] 张平，马骁．技术标准战略与知识产权战略的结合(1)，电子知识产权．2003，1．
[13] W. Brain Arthur. Increasing Returns and the New World of Business. Harvard Business Review, July/August 1996.
[14] Marco Iansiti, Jonathan West. Technology Integration: Turning Great Research into Great Products. Harvard Business Review, May/June 1997.
[15] Henry W. Chesbrough, David J. Teece. When Is Virtual Virtuous? Organizing for Innovation. Harvard Business Review, Jan/Feb 1996.
[16] Charles R. Morris, Charles H. Ferguson. How Architecture Wins Technology Wars. Harvard Business Review, March/April 1993.
[17] West J. Qualcomm's Standards Strategy. Standardization and Innovation Information Technology, 2001 2nd IEEE Conference,2001.
[18] Hjelm B, Long K. Standard, Strategy and Wireless Network Planning. Standardization and Innovation Information Technology, 2001 2nd IEEE Conference,2001.
[19] 彭北青．我国实施标准战略中的若干重要问题探讨．中国软科学，2003，1．
[20] 王平．中国标准化管理体制：问题及对策．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，3．
[21] Balto,David A.Standard Setting in 21th Century Network Economy. Computer and Internet Lawyer,June,2001.
[22] 国际/欧洲标准化机构最新统计数字．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，5．
[23] 王金玉．国外标准化发展战略研究．世界标准化与质量管理，2001，11．
[24] Josh Lerner,Jean Tirole.Efficiet Patent Pools.http//www.thelenmeid.com.
[25] IEC Master plan 2000.2000,9. http://webstore.ansi.org.
[26] 赵祖明．借鉴国外标准化有益经验的几点思考．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，1．
[27] CEN-Strategy2010;CENELEC's Vision Until 2010.1998,10.
[28] Timothy J.Muris.Competition and Intellectual Property Policy: The Way Ahead, before the American Bar Association Antitrust Section Fall Forrum,November 15,2001.
[29] National Standards Strategy for the United States.2000,9.
[30] 日本工业标准调查会．日本标准化战略．2001．
[31] Canadian Standards Strategy and Implementation, 2000,3.
[32] 王金玉．国外标准化战略及对我国的影响．世界标准化与质量管理，2002，10．
[33] 国务院办公厅关于加强认证认可工作的通知．http://www.whbts.gov.cn．
[34] 刘宇兰．浅析我国企业质量体系认证中存在的问题．世界标准化与质量管理，2000，12．
[35] 郭若虚．我国如何应对入世后的贸易技术壁垒．世界标准化与质量管理，2000，9．
[36] 蒋恩尧，李丹．我国技术标准工作中的主要问题及其对策研究．世界标准化与质量管理，2003，5．
[37] 于欣丽．应对“入世”挑战与保护民族工业的标准化对策．世界标准化与质量管理，2002，4．
[38] 王金玉．国外标准化战略及其对我国的影响．世界标准信息，2003，2．
[39] Carl Shapiro, Hal R. Varian. Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, 1999. ISBN: 087584863X
[40] V. K. Narayanan. Management Technology and Innovation for Competitive Advantage. Boston, Mass: Hardcover, 09 August, 2000 ISBN: 0130305065
[41] Little.A.D. The Strategic Management of Technology. Material originally presented at the 1981 European Management Forum in Davos.
[42] 李岚．TD-SCDMA的竞争优势与发展战略．世界标准化与质量管理，2002，11．
[43] Lei,D.and Slocum,Jr.,J.W.Global Strategy,Competence Building and Strategic Alliances.California Management Review,1992.
[44] 郑全录．用先进技术及标准打造企业核心竞争力．中国国际标准化与装备制造业发展论坛，专家报告集，2003，9．
[45] Mark A.Lemley. Standardizing-Government Standard-Setting Policy for Electronic Commerce.http//www.thelenmeid.com.
[46] Fusfeld,H.I and Haclich,C.S.Cooperative R&D for Competitors.Harvard Business Review,November-December 1985,