脑注意—运动功能优化整合训练对提高射箭、飞碟运动员注意力水平的有效性验证
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摘要
目的：
验证脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练是否可以作为一种注意力训练方法,用于提高射箭、飞碟运动员的注意力水平,并根据研究结果为射箭、飞碟运动员制定合理的脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练方案提供依据。
方法：
1.从上海市射击射箭中心选取24名专业射箭运动员和20名飞碟运动员,使用《注意力测验》对其进行注意力状态评估,并结合《艾森克人格问卷》和《焦虑自评问卷》对运动员的人格特征、焦虑特征以及人格、焦虑与注意力的关系进行分析。
2.根据以上评估结果对运动员实施为期四周的脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练。根据运动员的项目成绩和脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练自主训练的次数,依次分为高、低运动水平组和坚持与松懈训练组,并比较不同组别的脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练的训练情况。
结果：
1.单样本均数T检验结果显示：射箭、飞碟运动员的注意力水平显著高于常模(t=6.34,p<0.01),具体表现在注意的分配(t=3.61,p<0.05)和注意的广度(t=2.59,p<0.05)上。但是,在注意的稳定上射箭、飞碟运动员要差于常模,且这种差异已达到显著性水平(t=-4.32,p<0.01)。
2.多元线性回归分析结果显示：焦虑水平进入注意力水平和注意力分配的回归方程,注意力水平的回归方程是：注意力=47.614+0.059×焦虑水平,其中,R2=0.166。同时,焦虑水平也进入了注意力分配的回归方程：注意力分配=-1.227+0.035×焦虑水平,R2=0.263。
3.重复测量数据结果分析显示：射箭项目高水平运动员的掉球次数(4.33±0.72)显著少于低水平运动员(6.52±0.69,p<0.05),而飞碟项目高(882.64±29.42)、低水平运动组(664.67±32.82)的正确阅读字数存在显著性差异(p<0.05)
4.配对样本T检验结果显示：射箭、飞碟运动员的脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练的掉球次数(F=6.41,p<0.01；F=2.32,p<0.05)和正确阅读字数(F=6.03,p<0.01；F=3.25,p<0.05)的时间效应明显,且在脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练前后,其注意力水平(t=-4.03,p<0.01)注意力分配(t=-2.30,p<0.05)、注意力广度(t=-3.50,p<0.01)、注意力稳定性(t=-2.43,p<0.05)和专项运动技能水平(t=2.23,p<0.05；t=4.15,p<0.05)均有所提高,且坚持训练组与松懈训练组在这些指标上的训练效应的差异达到显著性水平(p<0.05)。
结论：
脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练可以作为一种注意力训练方法,用于提高射箭、飞碟运动员的注意力水平,同时,在实施脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练时,应考虑到项目特征、焦虑水平、运动水平和训练态度对脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练的影响。
Purpose:
To validate the efficacy of Functional Optimum-Integrating Training of Cortex Concerning Motor and Attention in shoot and archery, which can provide theoretical and experimental basis for its widely application in sports practice.
Methods:
1.24 archers and 20 shotgun shooters were selected from Sports centre of Shooting and Archery in Shanghai, and they were all required to complete Attention Test, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).
2. Functional Optimum-Integrating Training of Cortex Concerning Motor and Attention were applied to improve attention levels for 4 weeks, and athlete were assigned into either Elite athletes or Sub-elite athletes by performance level, and Positives or Negatives by numbers of practices.
Results:
1. One sample t-test revealed that scores on attention of archers and shotgun shooters were significantly higher than norms (p<0.001), which menifestified itself in better attentional distribution (p<0.01) and attenional span (p<0.05), but worse attenional stability (p<0.001).
2. Multiple linear regressions showed that SAS stepped into regression equation of attention and attentional distribution. Attention in total=47.614+0.059×SAS, R2=0.166. Attentional distribution=-1.227+0.035×SAS, R2=0.263.
3. Repeated measurement data analysis revealed that ball-droppings of Elite archers (4.33±0.72) were significantly (p<0.05) more than that of Sub-elite archers (6.52±0.69), but for shotgun shooters, such difference was in effective reading words (p<0.05)
4. Paried t-test showed that time effects in ball-droppings (p<0.01; p<0.05) and effective reading words(p<0.01; p<0.05)were significant both in shotgun and archery. And there were significant differences (p<0.05) in attention and performance levels between pre-practice and post- practice, furthermore, such differences in training effects are also significant (p<0.05).
Discussion:
Attention, automatic processing and performance levels of athletes can be improved by Functional Optimum-Integrating Training of Cortex Concerning Motor and Attention, therefore, Functional Optimum-Integrating Training of Cortex Concerning Motor and Attention is an effective concentration training method, and is ready to be employed in sports.
验证脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练是否可以作为一种注意力训练方法,用于提高射箭、飞碟运动员的注意力水平,并根据研究结果为射箭、飞碟运动员制定合理的脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练方案提供依据。
方法：
1.从上海市射击射箭中心选取24名专业射箭运动员和20名飞碟运动员,使用《注意力测验》对其进行注意力状态评估,并结合《艾森克人格问卷》和《焦虑自评问卷》对运动员的人格特征、焦虑特征以及人格、焦虑与注意力的关系进行分析。
2.根据以上评估结果对运动员实施为期四周的脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练。根据运动员的项目成绩和脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练自主训练的次数,依次分为高、低运动水平组和坚持与松懈训练组,并比较不同组别的脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练的训练情况。
结果：
1.单样本均数T检验结果显示：射箭、飞碟运动员的注意力水平显著高于常模(t=6.34,p<0.01),具体表现在注意的分配(t=3.61,p<0.05)和注意的广度(t=2.59,p<0.05)上。但是,在注意的稳定上射箭、飞碟运动员要差于常模,且这种差异已达到显著性水平(t=-4.32,p<0.01)。
2.多元线性回归分析结果显示：焦虑水平进入注意力水平和注意力分配的回归方程,注意力水平的回归方程是：注意力=47.614+0.059×焦虑水平,其中,R2=0.166。同时,焦虑水平也进入了注意力分配的回归方程：注意力分配=-1.227+0.035×焦虑水平,R2=0.263。
3.重复测量数据结果分析显示：射箭项目高水平运动员的掉球次数(4.33±0.72)显著少于低水平运动员(6.52±0.69,p<0.05),而飞碟项目高(882.64±29.42)、低水平运动组(664.67±32.82)的正确阅读字数存在显著性差异(p<0.05)
4.配对样本T检验结果显示：射箭、飞碟运动员的脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练的掉球次数(F=6.41,p<0.01；F=2.32,p<0.05)和正确阅读字数(F=6.03,p<0.01；F=3.25,p<0.05)的时间效应明显,且在脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练前后,其注意力水平(t=-4.03,p<0.01)注意力分配(t=-2.30,p<0.05)、注意力广度(t=-3.50,p<0.01)、注意力稳定性(t=-2.43,p<0.05)和专项运动技能水平(t=2.23,p<0.05；t=4.15,p<0.05)均有所提高,且坚持训练组与松懈训练组在这些指标上的训练效应的差异达到显著性水平(p<0.05)。
结论：
脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练可以作为一种注意力训练方法,用于提高射箭、飞碟运动员的注意力水平,同时,在实施脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练时,应考虑到项目特征、焦虑水平、运动水平和训练态度对脑注意-运动功能优化整合训练的影响。
Purpose:
To validate the efficacy of Functional Optimum-Integrating Training of Cortex Concerning Motor and Attention in shoot and archery, which can provide theoretical and experimental basis for its widely application in sports practice.
Methods:
1.24 archers and 20 shotgun shooters were selected from Sports centre of Shooting and Archery in Shanghai, and they were all required to complete Attention Test, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).
2. Functional Optimum-Integrating Training of Cortex Concerning Motor and Attention were applied to improve attention levels for 4 weeks, and athlete were assigned into either Elite athletes or Sub-elite athletes by performance level, and Positives or Negatives by numbers of practices.
Results:
1. One sample t-test revealed that scores on attention of archers and shotgun shooters were significantly higher than norms (p<0.001), which menifestified itself in better attentional distribution (p<0.01) and attenional span (p<0.05), but worse attenional stability (p<0.001).
2. Multiple linear regressions showed that SAS stepped into regression equation of attention and attentional distribution. Attention in total=47.614+0.059×SAS, R2=0.166. Attentional distribution=-1.227+0.035×SAS, R2=0.263.
3. Repeated measurement data analysis revealed that ball-droppings of Elite archers (4.33±0.72) were significantly (p<0.05) more than that of Sub-elite archers (6.52±0.69), but for shotgun shooters, such difference was in effective reading words (p<0.05)
4. Paried t-test showed that time effects in ball-droppings (p<0.01; p<0.05) and effective reading words(p<0.01; p<0.05)were significant both in shotgun and archery. And there were significant differences (p<0.05) in attention and performance levels between pre-practice and post- practice, furthermore, such differences in training effects are also significant (p<0.05).
Discussion:
Attention, automatic processing and performance levels of athletes can be improved by Functional Optimum-Integrating Training of Cortex Concerning Motor and Attention, therefore, Functional Optimum-Integrating Training of Cortex Concerning Motor and Attention is an effective concentration training method, and is ready to be employed in sports.
引文
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