声光调QYAG脉冲激光修锐超硬磨料砂轮的试验研究
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摘要
本文采用声光调Q YAG脉冲激光径向辐射，对密实型结合剂(树脂和金属结
合剂)超硬磨料砂轮(金刚石和立方氮化硼)进行修锐试验研究，并与传统机械
修锐和连续激光修锐进行了比较。理论分析了声光调Q脉冲激光修锐超硬磨料砂
轮的机理，试验研究了单脉冲激光烧蚀凹坑和脉冲激光修锐的情况，总结出激光、
工艺参数对修锐效果的影响特点和规律。
由于结合剂和磨粒之间存在热物理、光学性质差异，可通过选择合理的脉冲
激光功率密度去除结合剂，凸出磨粒，实现选择性去除。树脂结合剂砂轮的修锐
主要是基于树脂材料的气化，瞬间形成凹坑，铜粉(填料)部分溅射；青铜结合
剂砂轮的修锐以结合剂熔化为主，材料多以熔体形式排出体外，部分在凹坑边缘
重凝。
脉冲功率密度直接影响烧蚀凹坑深度。激光平均功率增加、脉冲重复频率减
小、离焦量减小，则脉冲功率密度增加，凹坑深度增加。试验建立起了凹坑深度
与脉冲功率密度、激光平均功率、脉冲重复频率和离焦量之间的关系曲线。
理论分析得出声光调Q YAG单脉冲激光烧蚀热影响小，可通过选择合理工艺
参数使单脉冲烧蚀凹坑相切或部分重叠，并以单脉冲试验为指导，合理选择激光
参数进行修锐．达到选择性去除，得到满意的地形地貌。在本试验条件下，针对
各种砂轮，总结出了激光参数对修锐效果的影响特点和规律。从修锐效果看，声
光调Q YAG脉冲激光修锐优于传统机械修锐和连续激光修锐。
Opto-acoustic Q-switched Nd: YAG pulse laser is used to dress densely bonded (resin and bronze) soperabrasives (diamond and CBN) wheels in orthogonal direction and the advantages ind disadvantages among pulse laser, conventional mechanical and continuous wave laser dressing on superabrasive wheels are compared. This experiment deals with surface craters ablated by single pulse laser and pulse laser dressing, theoreticalJy analyses the dressing mechanism of superabrasive wheels by opto-acoustic Q-switched pulse laser and summarizes the dressing features and disciplines of dressing effects influenced by laser and technology parameters.
Due to the thermal-physical and optical differences between bonds and abrasives, suitable pulse power density is selected to remove bonds and protrude abrasives realizing the selective removal. The dressing mechanism of resin-bonded wheels is mainly based on vaporization by which the crater is instantaneously formed with copper powder partially ejecting while in dressing mechanism of bronze bonded wheels, the bonds is mostly melted, the materials are mostly ejected from the crater by means of melt, which partly resolidifies on the crater brim.
Pulse power density directly influences ablation crater depth. With average laser power increasing, pulse repetition frequency and focal distances decrease, pulse power density and crater depth increases. Crater depth versus pulse power density, average laser power, pulse repetition frequency and focal distances are built up through experiment.
Small heat effect of opto-acoustic Q-switched YAG pulse laser is concluded by theoretical analyis. Single pulse ablation craters are arranged in sequence or overlapped by selecting suitable technology parameter. Better surface topography can be obtained through selecting suitable laser parameter based on single pulse ablation experiment. Dressing features and disciplines of dressing effect influenced by laser
parameter are summarized aimed at various grinding wheels in these experimental conditions. From dressing effect opto-acoustic Q-switched YAG pulse laser dressing is superior to conventional mechanical and continuous wave laser dressing.
合剂)超硬磨料砂轮(金刚石和立方氮化硼)进行修锐试验研究，并与传统机械
修锐和连续激光修锐进行了比较。理论分析了声光调Q脉冲激光修锐超硬磨料砂
轮的机理，试验研究了单脉冲激光烧蚀凹坑和脉冲激光修锐的情况，总结出激光、
工艺参数对修锐效果的影响特点和规律。
由于结合剂和磨粒之间存在热物理、光学性质差异，可通过选择合理的脉冲
激光功率密度去除结合剂，凸出磨粒，实现选择性去除。树脂结合剂砂轮的修锐
主要是基于树脂材料的气化，瞬间形成凹坑，铜粉(填料)部分溅射；青铜结合
剂砂轮的修锐以结合剂熔化为主，材料多以熔体形式排出体外，部分在凹坑边缘
重凝。
脉冲功率密度直接影响烧蚀凹坑深度。激光平均功率增加、脉冲重复频率减
小、离焦量减小，则脉冲功率密度增加，凹坑深度增加。试验建立起了凹坑深度
与脉冲功率密度、激光平均功率、脉冲重复频率和离焦量之间的关系曲线。
理论分析得出声光调Q YAG单脉冲激光烧蚀热影响小，可通过选择合理工艺
参数使单脉冲烧蚀凹坑相切或部分重叠，并以单脉冲试验为指导，合理选择激光
参数进行修锐．达到选择性去除，得到满意的地形地貌。在本试验条件下，针对
各种砂轮，总结出了激光参数对修锐效果的影响特点和规律。从修锐效果看，声
光调Q YAG脉冲激光修锐优于传统机械修锐和连续激光修锐。
Opto-acoustic Q-switched Nd: YAG pulse laser is used to dress densely bonded (resin and bronze) soperabrasives (diamond and CBN) wheels in orthogonal direction and the advantages ind disadvantages among pulse laser, conventional mechanical and continuous wave laser dressing on superabrasive wheels are compared. This experiment deals with surface craters ablated by single pulse laser and pulse laser dressing, theoreticalJy analyses the dressing mechanism of superabrasive wheels by opto-acoustic Q-switched pulse laser and summarizes the dressing features and disciplines of dressing effects influenced by laser and technology parameters.
Due to the thermal-physical and optical differences between bonds and abrasives, suitable pulse power density is selected to remove bonds and protrude abrasives realizing the selective removal. The dressing mechanism of resin-bonded wheels is mainly based on vaporization by which the crater is instantaneously formed with copper powder partially ejecting while in dressing mechanism of bronze bonded wheels, the bonds is mostly melted, the materials are mostly ejected from the crater by means of melt, which partly resolidifies on the crater brim.
Pulse power density directly influences ablation crater depth. With average laser power increasing, pulse repetition frequency and focal distances decrease, pulse power density and crater depth increases. Crater depth versus pulse power density, average laser power, pulse repetition frequency and focal distances are built up through experiment.
Small heat effect of opto-acoustic Q-switched YAG pulse laser is concluded by theoretical analyis. Single pulse ablation craters are arranged in sequence or overlapped by selecting suitable technology parameter. Better surface topography can be obtained through selecting suitable laser parameter based on single pulse ablation experiment. Dressing features and disciplines of dressing effect influenced by laser
parameter are summarized aimed at various grinding wheels in these experimental conditions. From dressing effect opto-acoustic Q-switched YAG pulse laser dressing is superior to conventional mechanical and continuous wave laser dressing.
引文
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[2] 傅玉灿，徐鸿钧．超硬磨料砂轮的演变与发展--介绍国外新型的单层高 温钎焊超硬磨料砂轮．金刚石与磨料磨具工程，1999(3) ：14-19．
[3] Jean V. Owen. Materials drive grinding. Manufacturing Engineering, 1998(2) : 42-49
[4] 郭成，原所先，蔡光起．金刚石砂轮磨削Al2O3-Mo金属陶瓷的试验研究．金 刚石与磨料磨具工程，1999(4) ：16-18
[5] H. K. Tonshoff, R. Egger, W. Longerich, et al. Superfinishing Ceramics. Manufacturing Engineering, 1998(2) : 52-59
[6] 周德生．磨削汽车零件的CBN砂轮的研制与应用．汽车技术，1998(6) ： 24-27
[7] 任敬心，华定安主编．磨削原理．西安：西北工业大学出版社，1988
[8] Shih. Albert J. Experimental investigation of rotary diamond truing and dressing of vitreous bond wheels for ceramic grinding. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2000,40(12) : 1755-1774
[9] 庄司克雄．陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮的修整研究(1) --各种修整方法修 整效果的比较．磨料磨具与磨削，1992(5) ：6-12
[10] Heiji Yasui, Hiroshi Nakazono, Akira Hosokawa, et al. A new efficient dressing method of the resin bond CBN wheel. Int. J. Japan Soc. Prec. Eng., 1997,31(3) : 98-99
[11] 李迎，徐鸿钧，张幼桢等．砂带修锐树脂结合剂CBN砂轮的研究．机械工 程师，1995(4) ：4-5
[12] 王先逵，应宝阁．金刚石微分砂轮软弹性修整研究(Ⅰ)--软弹性修整 法及其机理．金刚石与磨料磨具工程，1995(6) ：7-11
[13] Yasushi Ikuse, Takeshi Nonokawa, Noriji Kawabata, et al. Development of new ultrasonic dressing equipment. Int. J. Japan Soc. Prec. Eng., 1995,61(7) , 1995:986-990．
[14] Hitoshi Ohmori. Electrolytic In-process Dressing (ELID) Grinding Technique
for Ultra-precision Mirror Surface Machining. Int. Journal of JSPE, 1992,26(4) .
[15] Jun'ichi Tamaki, Takeaki Kitagawa. Electrocontact discharge dressing of metal-bonded diamond wheel (Part 1) --Truing efficiency and grinding performance. Int. J. Japan Soc. Prec. Eng., 1992,26(4) : 284-288．
[16] D. Kramer, F. Rehsteiner. ECD (Electrochemical In-process controlled Dressing), a new method for grinding of modern high-performance cutting materials to highest quality. Annals of the CIRP, 1999,48(1) : 265-268．
[17] M. Schopf, I. Beltrami, M. Boccadoro, et al. ECDM (Electro chemical discharge machining) , a new method for truing and dressing of metal-bonded diamond grinding wheels. Annals of CIRP, 2001,50(1) : 125-128
[18] Kiyoshi Suzuki, Keizo Takeuchi, Tetsutaro, et al. A new dressing method for superabrasive wheels utilizing magnetic abrasive polishing, Int. J. Japan Soc. Prec. Eng., 1999,33(1) : 27-31．
[19] 王平，张春河，李伟等．ELID镜面磨削用铸铁超硬砂轮的精密整形与电解 预修锐的质量评价．磨料磨具与磨削，1995(2) ：13-16．
[20] 张春河，谭业发，于爱兵等．铸铁基超硬磨料砂轮的电化学机械整形工艺 及其作用机理．中国机械工程，1998，9(5) ：70-72．
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