13个绵羊品种遗传多样性的研究
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摘要
本研究以中国10个地方绵羊品种泗水裘皮羊、太行裘皮羊、豫西脂尾羊、威宁绵羊、迪庆绵羊、昭通绵羊、腾冲绵羊、汉中绵羊、策勒黑羊、巴什拜羊和3个引进品种萨福克羊、特克赛尔羊、无角道赛特羊为研究对象,采用联合国粮农组织(FAO)和国际动物遗传学会(ISAG)联合推荐的11对微卫星DNA引物,以ABI3100-Avant全自动基因序列分析仪为平台,结合荧光-多重PCR技术,检测了10个中国地方绵羊和3个引进品种,共计725个个体的基因型,并对标记后扩增产物进行序列分析。通过计算等位基因数和频率、特有等位基因数、杂合度、多态信息含量、有效等位基因数、Nei氏遗传距离(DA)和Nei氏标准遗传距离(DS),采用邻近结合法等聚类方法,分析了中国部分地方绵羊群体内和群体间的遗传变异。结果如下:
1、在11个微卫星座位上共检测到了151个等位基因,每个座位平均等位基因是13.7个,OARFCB304座位的等位基因数最多,达到23个;OARAE129和SRCRSP9座位的等位基因数最少,只有9个;其余座位的等位基因数在10~20个之间。13个绵羊品种中,平均等位基因数在5~9个,腾冲绵羊、萨福克羊、特克赛尔羊和无角道赛特羊的平均等位基因最少,巴什拜羊的平均等位基因数最多。13个绵羊品种的遗传多样性丰富,遗传变异较大。
2、在13个绵羊品种中,共发现23个特有等位基因,除豫西脂尾羊、萨福克羊和特克赛尔羊没有特有等位基因,其他绵羊品种都至少在某一微卫星座位上有一特有等位基因,其中威宁绵羊和巴什拜羊的特有等位基因数最多,达到5个。13个中外绵羊品种在11个微卫星座位中的特有等位基因频率都比较低,策勒黑羊在OARFCB304座位上的157 bp特有等位基因频率最高(0.10)。
3、13个绵羊品种在11个微卫星座位上,多态信息含量、群体杂合度和有效等位基因数,分别为0.468~0.668,0.452~0.635和1.000~11.765。本研究所选用的11个微卫星座位中,3个属于中度多态座位,8个属于高度多态座位,可以用于绵羊的遗传多样性的分析研究。
4、10个地方绵羊品种与3个引进品种之间有很大差异,两者之间的遗传距离较大。地方品种彼此之间的遗传距离都相对较小(DA=0.070~0.206, DS=0.041~0.244),其中昭通绵羊和威宁绵羊之间的遗传距离最小(DA=0.070, DS=0.041),3个引进品种萨福克羊、无角道赛特羊和特克塞尔羊与中国地方品种之间的遗传距离都较大(DA=0.183~0.327, DS=0.167~0.567)。
5、13个绵羊品种聚为四大类:威宁绵羊、昭通绵羊、汉中绵羊和迪庆绵羊为第Ⅰ类;豫西脂尾羊、太行裘皮羊、泗水裘皮羊、巴什拜羊和策勒黑羊为第Ⅱ类;腾冲绵羊为第Ⅲ类;3个引进品种无角道赛特羊、萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊为第Ⅳ类。
The genetic diversity of thirteen sheep breeds, including ten native breeds in China and three introduced breeds, were analyzed by using 11 microsatellite DNA markers which recommended by FAO and ISAG. A total of 725 genotypes were detected and amplified products were analyzed based on ABI3100-Avant auto gene sequenator and fluorescence multiplex PCR. By calculating the alleles frequency, peculiar allele, heterozygosity(H), polymorphism information content (PIC), effective number of alleles(Ne), Nei’s genetic distance(DA) and Nei’s standard genetic distance(DS) among cattle breeds and constructing dendrogram as well as NJ method to analyze the genetic variability and genetic relationship between sheep breeds. The results were as follows:
1. A total of 151 alleles were detected from fifteen microsatellite loci, and the average number was 13.7. The most allele number was 23 for OARFCB304, the least was 9 for OARAE129 and SRCRSP9, and other loci were from 10 to 20 in eleven microsatellite loci. In thirteen sheep breeds, the mean allele number was from 5 to 9, the most was Bashibai, and the least was Tengchong, Suffolk, Texel and Poll Dorset. The genetic diversity of thirteen sheep breeds was plentiful and the genetic variation was relatively great.
2. A total of 23 peculiar alleles were found in thirteen sheep breeds, and other sheep breeds had a peculiar allele at least in one microsatellite loci except Yuxi Fat-Tailed, Suffolk and Texel, and the most was 5 for Weining and Bashibai. The frequency of peculiar allele was lower at eleven microsatellite loci in thirteen sheep breeds, the alleles frequency of OARFCB304 in the 157 bp (0.10) for Cele Black were the highest.
3. At eleven loci the PIC was from 0.468 to 0.668 and the heterozygosity was from 0.452 to 0.635 and the Ne was from 1.000 to 11.765 in thirteen sheep breeds. In 11 microsatllite loci of the study, three were middly polymorphism loci, and eight were highly polymorphic,that could be used to the analysis of genetic diversity in sheep.
4. The genetic distance between ten native sheep breeds and three introduced breeds was larger. The genetic distance among native breeds was small relatively (DA= 0.070~0.206, DS=0.041~0.244),thereinto, it was smallest between Zhaotong and Weining breeds(DA=0.070, DS=0.041),and it was biggest between 3 introduced and native breeds(DA=0.183~0.327, DS=0.167~0.567).
5. Thirteen sheep breeds were clustered into four groups based on the NJ tree. The first group includes Weining, Zhaotong, Hanzhong, Diqing; the second group includes Yuxi Fat-Tailed, Taihang Fur, Sishui Fur, Bashibai,Cele Black; the third group includes Tengchong; The forth group consists of foreign breeds including Poll Dorset, Suffolk and Texel.
1、在11个微卫星座位上共检测到了151个等位基因,每个座位平均等位基因是13.7个,OARFCB304座位的等位基因数最多,达到23个;OARAE129和SRCRSP9座位的等位基因数最少,只有9个;其余座位的等位基因数在10~20个之间。13个绵羊品种中,平均等位基因数在5~9个,腾冲绵羊、萨福克羊、特克赛尔羊和无角道赛特羊的平均等位基因最少,巴什拜羊的平均等位基因数最多。13个绵羊品种的遗传多样性丰富,遗传变异较大。
2、在13个绵羊品种中,共发现23个特有等位基因,除豫西脂尾羊、萨福克羊和特克赛尔羊没有特有等位基因,其他绵羊品种都至少在某一微卫星座位上有一特有等位基因,其中威宁绵羊和巴什拜羊的特有等位基因数最多,达到5个。13个中外绵羊品种在11个微卫星座位中的特有等位基因频率都比较低,策勒黑羊在OARFCB304座位上的157 bp特有等位基因频率最高(0.10)。
3、13个绵羊品种在11个微卫星座位上,多态信息含量、群体杂合度和有效等位基因数,分别为0.468~0.668,0.452~0.635和1.000~11.765。本研究所选用的11个微卫星座位中,3个属于中度多态座位,8个属于高度多态座位,可以用于绵羊的遗传多样性的分析研究。
4、10个地方绵羊品种与3个引进品种之间有很大差异,两者之间的遗传距离较大。地方品种彼此之间的遗传距离都相对较小(DA=0.070~0.206, DS=0.041~0.244),其中昭通绵羊和威宁绵羊之间的遗传距离最小(DA=0.070, DS=0.041),3个引进品种萨福克羊、无角道赛特羊和特克塞尔羊与中国地方品种之间的遗传距离都较大(DA=0.183~0.327, DS=0.167~0.567)。
5、13个绵羊品种聚为四大类:威宁绵羊、昭通绵羊、汉中绵羊和迪庆绵羊为第Ⅰ类;豫西脂尾羊、太行裘皮羊、泗水裘皮羊、巴什拜羊和策勒黑羊为第Ⅱ类;腾冲绵羊为第Ⅲ类;3个引进品种无角道赛特羊、萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊为第Ⅳ类。
The genetic diversity of thirteen sheep breeds, including ten native breeds in China and three introduced breeds, were analyzed by using 11 microsatellite DNA markers which recommended by FAO and ISAG. A total of 725 genotypes were detected and amplified products were analyzed based on ABI3100-Avant auto gene sequenator and fluorescence multiplex PCR. By calculating the alleles frequency, peculiar allele, heterozygosity(H), polymorphism information content (PIC), effective number of alleles(Ne), Nei’s genetic distance(DA) and Nei’s standard genetic distance(DS) among cattle breeds and constructing dendrogram as well as NJ method to analyze the genetic variability and genetic relationship between sheep breeds. The results were as follows:
1. A total of 151 alleles were detected from fifteen microsatellite loci, and the average number was 13.7. The most allele number was 23 for OARFCB304, the least was 9 for OARAE129 and SRCRSP9, and other loci were from 10 to 20 in eleven microsatellite loci. In thirteen sheep breeds, the mean allele number was from 5 to 9, the most was Bashibai, and the least was Tengchong, Suffolk, Texel and Poll Dorset. The genetic diversity of thirteen sheep breeds was plentiful and the genetic variation was relatively great.
2. A total of 23 peculiar alleles were found in thirteen sheep breeds, and other sheep breeds had a peculiar allele at least in one microsatellite loci except Yuxi Fat-Tailed, Suffolk and Texel, and the most was 5 for Weining and Bashibai. The frequency of peculiar allele was lower at eleven microsatellite loci in thirteen sheep breeds, the alleles frequency of OARFCB304 in the 157 bp (0.10) for Cele Black were the highest.
3. At eleven loci the PIC was from 0.468 to 0.668 and the heterozygosity was from 0.452 to 0.635 and the Ne was from 1.000 to 11.765 in thirteen sheep breeds. In 11 microsatllite loci of the study, three were middly polymorphism loci, and eight were highly polymorphic,that could be used to the analysis of genetic diversity in sheep.
4. The genetic distance between ten native sheep breeds and three introduced breeds was larger. The genetic distance among native breeds was small relatively (DA= 0.070~0.206, DS=0.041~0.244),thereinto, it was smallest between Zhaotong and Weining breeds(DA=0.070, DS=0.041),and it was biggest between 3 introduced and native breeds(DA=0.183~0.327, DS=0.167~0.567).
5. Thirteen sheep breeds were clustered into four groups based on the NJ tree. The first group includes Weining, Zhaotong, Hanzhong, Diqing; the second group includes Yuxi Fat-Tailed, Taihang Fur, Sishui Fur, Bashibai,Cele Black; the third group includes Tengchong; The forth group consists of foreign breeds including Poll Dorset, Suffolk and Texel.
引文
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