菊花花器官cDNA文库的构建及DgGA20ox基因克隆与表达分析
|
摘要
菊花原产我国,是我国十大传统名花和世界四大切花之一,具有很高的观赏和应用价值,在花卉生产中占有十分重要的地位。但菊花新基因的发掘和分子育种方始起步,本研究在构建菊花花器官EST文库,分析其花序开放过程基因表达谱基础上,对GA 20-氧化酶基因新基因进行了克隆与表达分析。主要结果如下：
1.首次以菊花特定发育阶段的花器官为植物材料,利用pBluescript XR载体构建了一个菊花花器官cDNA文库,文库滴度为1.8×107 pfu/ml,扩增后文库滴度达9.0×1011pfu/ml。经过蓝白斑计数,文库的重组率可达90%。平均插入片段大小为1-2kb左右,说明所构建的文库完全符合目的基因分离筛选和表达建库的要求。通过4个花器官优势表达基因的半定量PCR分析,均发现在花器官中的表达量较高,说明该文库具有代表性和有效性,可为进一步开展与菊花发育相关基因的克隆及花器官发育分子机理的探讨等研究奠定重要的基础。
2.在构建的cDNA文库中随机挑选了7,500个克隆进行5’端测序,共获得7,307条原始序列。原始序列经去除插入片段小于100bp和污染序列后,共得到6,924条高质量的EST序列,平均GC含量为43.5%,序列递交DDBJ数据库(登录号：DK936567-DK943490); CAP3程序拼接ESTs得到4,563个Unigenes,其中包括996个contigs和3,567个singlets,冗余度为34.1%。通过序列比对注释,发现有57.2%的Unigenes (2,608)能够通过注释进行功能分类,而42.8%的Unigenes (1,955)不能比对上现有数据库中的任何蛋白质或核酸序列,推测1,955个Unigenes可能是有一些已知基因的非编码区序列,也有可能是一些功能未知的新基因。
3.所得到的EST序列中,编码RuBP羧化酶小亚基的EST数量最多,说明rbcs基因在该cDNA文库中的表达量较高。26.7%的Unigenes (1,217/4,563)可以通过COG聚类,其中最高14.79%的Unigenes (180/1,217)编码转录后修饰、蛋白转运相关的酶,而与防卫机制以及细胞运动性相关的Unigenes最少。在所有的6,924条高质量ESTs序列中,35.1%能比对上拟南芥的ESTs,27.2%的序列比对上了水稻的ESTs序列,与菊科植物向日葵、莴苣、非洲菊、百日草的ESTs序列相比较,分别有82.0%、64.6%、48.8%和24.4%的序列能比对上。同时,在6,924条ESTs中,有131个ESTs编码推测的转录因子,占整个Unigenes的2.78%(131／4,563)。其中表达量最高的是C3H转录因子家族,占全部转录因子ESTs的16.0%(21／131)；在4,563个Unigenes中,我们找到了6个已知的花发育相关基因和10个与花色素合成代谢相关的基因。
4.在菊花花器官cDNA文库的EST序列中,找到一条与GA 20-氧化酶基因同源的EST(克隆号：rfchcaa0_007176).挑选该克隆进行双向测序,并进行3'、5'RACE-PCR得到1,543bp的全长菊花GA 20-氧化酶基因cDNA序列(DgGA20ox,AB360381),具有一个1,134bp的ORF,编码377个氨基酸及103bp的5’非编码区和306bp包含了多聚A尾的3’非编码区。与其相应的基因组DNA序列(1,468bp,AB360434)比对后发现,该基因基因组DNA序列中包含了90bp和234bp的内含子。通过氨基酸序列比对发现,其具有GA 20-氧化酶所特有的依赖2-酮戊二酸的双加氧酶特性的保守序列,如与2-酮戊二酸结合有关的保守序列NYYPXCQKP,与GA底物结合有关的LPWKET基元以及可能与Fe2+结合有关的His残基(H246和H302)和Asp残基(D248),并与同科植物莴苣的Ls20ox1氨基酸序列有87%的同源性,确定为菊花的GA20-氧化酶基因。Southern杂交表明,该基因在菊花中存在多个同源拷贝。
5.荧光定量PCR结果表明,DgGA20ox基因在菊花的嫩叶中表达量最高,其次是茎和花中,根中的表达量最少,说明嫩叶可能是菊花活性GA生物合成的主要位点；在菊花顶芽中,DgGA20ox基因在一天中的表达呈规律性起伏,在黑暗条件下的转录水平比在光照条件下高,且在光照结束后4h表达量最高。外源激素处理证明了DgGA20ox基因的表达受活性GA的反馈抑制调控,内源GA含量高时,DgGA20ox基因的表达受抑制；内源GA生物合成受阻抑时,DgGA20ox基因的表达量升高,同时内源的IAA含量也升高,说明IAA在GA的生物合成中有重要作用。
6.构建DgGA20ox基因正义表达载体,采用农杆菌介导的叶盘法进行遗传转化,通过PCR和Southern杂交鉴定,有3个株系整合进了外源DgGA20ox基因。表型观察发现转基因植株较对照矮化,叶片小,生长势弱；进而进行DgGA20ox基因的表达分析及内源GA含量测定,发现转基因植株中无论是DgGA20ox基因的表达量还是内源GA含量都明显低于对照,推测转基因植株可能出现了共抑制的基因沉默。
Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum×morifolium (Compositae, Anthemideae), has historical roots in China, and is one of the ten most famous flowers in China, which is used as the potted flower, cut flower, and applied as the ground-cover plant. Chrysanthemum is valuable for its ornamental character, and is very important for the flower production. Nowadays, discovery the new genes and molecular breeding of chrysanthemum start the first step. In this research, we constructed a cDNA library from inflorescence of chrysanthemum and analysed the expression of genes in the procedure of inflorescence. The main results are as follows:
A cDNA library for the floral buds in one special stage of Ch. morifolium was constructed by using pBluescript XR vector. The quality detection indicated that the library had a starting titer of 1.8×107 pfu/ml and a final titer of 9.0×1011 pfu/ml after amplification. It also had a high ratio of recombination (up to 90%) with the inserts at an average size of approximately 1-2 kb. These results showed that this library was highly quality, which is suitable for the isolation and expression analysis of target genes. As four putative flower-preferential genes selected in this cDNA library all expressed most in the floral buds, the cDNA library was proved be effective and could provide an important foundation for the studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in the flower development of chrysanthemum.
By large-scale ESTs sequencing of 7,500 randomly selected clones from the constructed library of chrysanthemum inflorescence,7,307 raw sequences were obtained. About 6,924 valid ESTs were generated after cleaning of inserts that is shorter than 100bp, the average GC content of the 6,924 valid ESTs was 43.5%. These EST sequences were submitted to the DDBJ database (Acession No.:DK936567-DK943490). After clusting by CAP3 procedure, a total of 4,563 unigene including 996 contigs and 3,567 singlets, were ultimately selected corresponding to a redundancy level of 34.10%. About 57.2%of the unigenes (2,608) could be functionally classified after the BLAST search, with the remaining 42.8%unigenes (1,955) showing little of no similarity to any of the proteins and gene sequences in the published databases. Inability to detect matches in nr database for 1,955 chrysanthemum sequences might be due to short or even absent coding regions, consequence of randomness of 5'-reads and low conservation of 5'and 3'UTRs. Thus, many ESTs from genes with homologues in plants exhibit no match. On the other hand, novel genes can't be excluded from the 1,955 sequences with no match.
Among the 6,924 valid ESTs, the most abundant ESTs (101) were coding for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (1.46%). That is to say, the rbcs gene may be the highest expressed gene in this cDNA library. About 26.67%(1,217/4,563) of unigenes from this cDNA library were clustered by COG. The highest percentage of ESTs that were similar to genes in a particular class was 14.79%for those encoding enzymes of Post-translational modification, protein turnover and chaperones. The lowest percentages were for Defense mechanisms (0.16%) and Cell motility (0.16%).6,924 EST sequences of chrysanthemum were compared with ESTs collections of Arabidopsis, Oryza and four species within Asteraceae using the BLASTn search, respectively.35.1%of chrysanthemum EST sequences were homologous to Arabidopsis ESTs,27.2%to Oryza ESTs. When the comparison is restricted to Helianthus, Lactuca, Gerbera and Zinnia (species within Asteraceae),82.0%,64.6%,48.8%and 24.4%of chrysanthemum ETSs sequences have a match to ESTs from each of the species, respectively.131 ESTs were encoding putative transcription factors representing 2.78%(131/4,563) of the chrysanthemum unigenes. The most abundantly expressed transcription factor gene family, C3H, accounted for 16% (21/131) of overall transcription factor expression We also found 6 known genes related to the development of flower organ and 10 known genes related to the pigment anabolism in the 4,563 unigenes.
An EST (clone No.:rfchcaa0_007176) homolog to the GA 20-oxidase was found in the ESTs from this cDNA library. A full-length chrysanthemum DgGA20ox cDNA (GenBank accession AB360381) was derived by clone sequencing and RACE-PCR. This sequence contains a single 1134bp ORF, encoding a 377 residue peptide, with a 103bp 5' untranslated region and a 306bp 3'non-coding region with a poly (A) tail. A comparison of the cDNA and its genomic counterpart (GenBank accession AB360434) demonstrated that the gene is composed of two introns (90bp and 244bp) and three exons. After comparing with other GA 20-oxidase amino acid sequence, the chrysanthemum GA20ox protein shares a high sequence homology with its orthologues. It includes the highly conserved motifs NYYPXCQKP (postulated as being involved in binding the 2-oxoglutarate co-factor) and LPWKET (thought to be involved in binding the GA substrate), and the conserved H (H246and H302)and D248 residues (involved in Fe2+binding at the active site of isopenicillin N synthase). The GA20-oxidase sequences of lettuce and chrysanthemum both within the family Compositeae shared the highest 87%similarity. The hybridization pattern of chrysanthemum genomic DNA (Southern blot) with DgGA20ox after restriction digestion suggests the presence of several GA 20-oxidase copies in the chrysanthemum genome.
The expression pattern of DgGA20ox was analyzed by using quantitative real-time PCR analyses. A highest transcript level of the DgGA20ox gene was detected in young leaves followed by stems and flowers. The expression of DgGA20ox gene in roots was very low. It can be suggested that the young leaves may be the mainly site for the active GA synthesis. There was a diurnal oscillation in expression of DgGA20ox gene in shoot apex of chrysanthemum, and showed circadian rhythmicity in constant LD conditions. We confirmed that the GA20ox gene was feed-back regulated by active GAs. The transient increase in active GA following the provision of exogenous GA3 decreased DgGA20ox expression. Conversely, decreasing the endogenous content of active GA by the supply of PAC increased the expression of DgGA20ox as well as the endogenous content of IAA. It was also suggested that the IAA might play a role in the GA biosynthesis.
A sense plant expression vectors for DgGA20ox were constructed and were transferred into chrysanthemum via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation based on the establishment of a high efficient genetic transformation system. PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of foreign genes into the genome of 3 transgenic chrysanthemum. The observation of phenotype revealed the transgenic chrysanthemum with small leaf, semi-dwarf height compared with untransformed plant. Further analysis of the expression pattern of DgGA20ox and the endogenous content of active GA in the transgenic chrysanthemum both decreased compared with untransformed plant. It was suggested that the integration of foreign homologue genes may coordinated and reciprocal inactivation of host genes and transgenes encoding the same sense RNA, and then leaded to a cosuppression phenotypes.
1.首次以菊花特定发育阶段的花器官为植物材料,利用pBluescript XR载体构建了一个菊花花器官cDNA文库,文库滴度为1.8×107 pfu/ml,扩增后文库滴度达9.0×1011pfu/ml。经过蓝白斑计数,文库的重组率可达90%。平均插入片段大小为1-2kb左右,说明所构建的文库完全符合目的基因分离筛选和表达建库的要求。通过4个花器官优势表达基因的半定量PCR分析,均发现在花器官中的表达量较高,说明该文库具有代表性和有效性,可为进一步开展与菊花发育相关基因的克隆及花器官发育分子机理的探讨等研究奠定重要的基础。
2.在构建的cDNA文库中随机挑选了7,500个克隆进行5’端测序,共获得7,307条原始序列。原始序列经去除插入片段小于100bp和污染序列后,共得到6,924条高质量的EST序列,平均GC含量为43.5%,序列递交DDBJ数据库(登录号：DK936567-DK943490); CAP3程序拼接ESTs得到4,563个Unigenes,其中包括996个contigs和3,567个singlets,冗余度为34.1%。通过序列比对注释,发现有57.2%的Unigenes (2,608)能够通过注释进行功能分类,而42.8%的Unigenes (1,955)不能比对上现有数据库中的任何蛋白质或核酸序列,推测1,955个Unigenes可能是有一些已知基因的非编码区序列,也有可能是一些功能未知的新基因。
3.所得到的EST序列中,编码RuBP羧化酶小亚基的EST数量最多,说明rbcs基因在该cDNA文库中的表达量较高。26.7%的Unigenes (1,217/4,563)可以通过COG聚类,其中最高14.79%的Unigenes (180/1,217)编码转录后修饰、蛋白转运相关的酶,而与防卫机制以及细胞运动性相关的Unigenes最少。在所有的6,924条高质量ESTs序列中,35.1%能比对上拟南芥的ESTs,27.2%的序列比对上了水稻的ESTs序列,与菊科植物向日葵、莴苣、非洲菊、百日草的ESTs序列相比较,分别有82.0%、64.6%、48.8%和24.4%的序列能比对上。同时,在6,924条ESTs中,有131个ESTs编码推测的转录因子,占整个Unigenes的2.78%(131／4,563)。其中表达量最高的是C3H转录因子家族,占全部转录因子ESTs的16.0%(21／131)；在4,563个Unigenes中,我们找到了6个已知的花发育相关基因和10个与花色素合成代谢相关的基因。
4.在菊花花器官cDNA文库的EST序列中,找到一条与GA 20-氧化酶基因同源的EST(克隆号：rfchcaa0_007176).挑选该克隆进行双向测序,并进行3'、5'RACE-PCR得到1,543bp的全长菊花GA 20-氧化酶基因cDNA序列(DgGA20ox,AB360381),具有一个1,134bp的ORF,编码377个氨基酸及103bp的5’非编码区和306bp包含了多聚A尾的3’非编码区。与其相应的基因组DNA序列(1,468bp,AB360434)比对后发现,该基因基因组DNA序列中包含了90bp和234bp的内含子。通过氨基酸序列比对发现,其具有GA 20-氧化酶所特有的依赖2-酮戊二酸的双加氧酶特性的保守序列,如与2-酮戊二酸结合有关的保守序列NYYPXCQKP,与GA底物结合有关的LPWKET基元以及可能与Fe2+结合有关的His残基(H246和H302)和Asp残基(D248),并与同科植物莴苣的Ls20ox1氨基酸序列有87%的同源性,确定为菊花的GA20-氧化酶基因。Southern杂交表明,该基因在菊花中存在多个同源拷贝。
5.荧光定量PCR结果表明,DgGA20ox基因在菊花的嫩叶中表达量最高,其次是茎和花中,根中的表达量最少,说明嫩叶可能是菊花活性GA生物合成的主要位点；在菊花顶芽中,DgGA20ox基因在一天中的表达呈规律性起伏,在黑暗条件下的转录水平比在光照条件下高,且在光照结束后4h表达量最高。外源激素处理证明了DgGA20ox基因的表达受活性GA的反馈抑制调控,内源GA含量高时,DgGA20ox基因的表达受抑制；内源GA生物合成受阻抑时,DgGA20ox基因的表达量升高,同时内源的IAA含量也升高,说明IAA在GA的生物合成中有重要作用。
6.构建DgGA20ox基因正义表达载体,采用农杆菌介导的叶盘法进行遗传转化,通过PCR和Southern杂交鉴定,有3个株系整合进了外源DgGA20ox基因。表型观察发现转基因植株较对照矮化,叶片小,生长势弱；进而进行DgGA20ox基因的表达分析及内源GA含量测定,发现转基因植株中无论是DgGA20ox基因的表达量还是内源GA含量都明显低于对照,推测转基因植株可能出现了共抑制的基因沉默。
Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum×morifolium (Compositae, Anthemideae), has historical roots in China, and is one of the ten most famous flowers in China, which is used as the potted flower, cut flower, and applied as the ground-cover plant. Chrysanthemum is valuable for its ornamental character, and is very important for the flower production. Nowadays, discovery the new genes and molecular breeding of chrysanthemum start the first step. In this research, we constructed a cDNA library from inflorescence of chrysanthemum and analysed the expression of genes in the procedure of inflorescence. The main results are as follows:
A cDNA library for the floral buds in one special stage of Ch. morifolium was constructed by using pBluescript XR vector. The quality detection indicated that the library had a starting titer of 1.8×107 pfu/ml and a final titer of 9.0×1011 pfu/ml after amplification. It also had a high ratio of recombination (up to 90%) with the inserts at an average size of approximately 1-2 kb. These results showed that this library was highly quality, which is suitable for the isolation and expression analysis of target genes. As four putative flower-preferential genes selected in this cDNA library all expressed most in the floral buds, the cDNA library was proved be effective and could provide an important foundation for the studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in the flower development of chrysanthemum.
By large-scale ESTs sequencing of 7,500 randomly selected clones from the constructed library of chrysanthemum inflorescence,7,307 raw sequences were obtained. About 6,924 valid ESTs were generated after cleaning of inserts that is shorter than 100bp, the average GC content of the 6,924 valid ESTs was 43.5%. These EST sequences were submitted to the DDBJ database (Acession No.:DK936567-DK943490). After clusting by CAP3 procedure, a total of 4,563 unigene including 996 contigs and 3,567 singlets, were ultimately selected corresponding to a redundancy level of 34.10%. About 57.2%of the unigenes (2,608) could be functionally classified after the BLAST search, with the remaining 42.8%unigenes (1,955) showing little of no similarity to any of the proteins and gene sequences in the published databases. Inability to detect matches in nr database for 1,955 chrysanthemum sequences might be due to short or even absent coding regions, consequence of randomness of 5'-reads and low conservation of 5'and 3'UTRs. Thus, many ESTs from genes with homologues in plants exhibit no match. On the other hand, novel genes can't be excluded from the 1,955 sequences with no match.
Among the 6,924 valid ESTs, the most abundant ESTs (101) were coding for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (1.46%). That is to say, the rbcs gene may be the highest expressed gene in this cDNA library. About 26.67%(1,217/4,563) of unigenes from this cDNA library were clustered by COG. The highest percentage of ESTs that were similar to genes in a particular class was 14.79%for those encoding enzymes of Post-translational modification, protein turnover and chaperones. The lowest percentages were for Defense mechanisms (0.16%) and Cell motility (0.16%).6,924 EST sequences of chrysanthemum were compared with ESTs collections of Arabidopsis, Oryza and four species within Asteraceae using the BLASTn search, respectively.35.1%of chrysanthemum EST sequences were homologous to Arabidopsis ESTs,27.2%to Oryza ESTs. When the comparison is restricted to Helianthus, Lactuca, Gerbera and Zinnia (species within Asteraceae),82.0%,64.6%,48.8%and 24.4%of chrysanthemum ETSs sequences have a match to ESTs from each of the species, respectively.131 ESTs were encoding putative transcription factors representing 2.78%(131/4,563) of the chrysanthemum unigenes. The most abundantly expressed transcription factor gene family, C3H, accounted for 16% (21/131) of overall transcription factor expression We also found 6 known genes related to the development of flower organ and 10 known genes related to the pigment anabolism in the 4,563 unigenes.
An EST (clone No.:rfchcaa0_007176) homolog to the GA 20-oxidase was found in the ESTs from this cDNA library. A full-length chrysanthemum DgGA20ox cDNA (GenBank accession AB360381) was derived by clone sequencing and RACE-PCR. This sequence contains a single 1134bp ORF, encoding a 377 residue peptide, with a 103bp 5' untranslated region and a 306bp 3'non-coding region with a poly (A) tail. A comparison of the cDNA and its genomic counterpart (GenBank accession AB360434) demonstrated that the gene is composed of two introns (90bp and 244bp) and three exons. After comparing with other GA 20-oxidase amino acid sequence, the chrysanthemum GA20ox protein shares a high sequence homology with its orthologues. It includes the highly conserved motifs NYYPXCQKP (postulated as being involved in binding the 2-oxoglutarate co-factor) and LPWKET (thought to be involved in binding the GA substrate), and the conserved H (H246and H302)and D248 residues (involved in Fe2+binding at the active site of isopenicillin N synthase). The GA20-oxidase sequences of lettuce and chrysanthemum both within the family Compositeae shared the highest 87%similarity. The hybridization pattern of chrysanthemum genomic DNA (Southern blot) with DgGA20ox after restriction digestion suggests the presence of several GA 20-oxidase copies in the chrysanthemum genome.
The expression pattern of DgGA20ox was analyzed by using quantitative real-time PCR analyses. A highest transcript level of the DgGA20ox gene was detected in young leaves followed by stems and flowers. The expression of DgGA20ox gene in roots was very low. It can be suggested that the young leaves may be the mainly site for the active GA synthesis. There was a diurnal oscillation in expression of DgGA20ox gene in shoot apex of chrysanthemum, and showed circadian rhythmicity in constant LD conditions. We confirmed that the GA20ox gene was feed-back regulated by active GAs. The transient increase in active GA following the provision of exogenous GA3 decreased DgGA20ox expression. Conversely, decreasing the endogenous content of active GA by the supply of PAC increased the expression of DgGA20ox as well as the endogenous content of IAA. It was also suggested that the IAA might play a role in the GA biosynthesis.
A sense plant expression vectors for DgGA20ox were constructed and were transferred into chrysanthemum via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation based on the establishment of a high efficient genetic transformation system. PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of foreign genes into the genome of 3 transgenic chrysanthemum. The observation of phenotype revealed the transgenic chrysanthemum with small leaf, semi-dwarf height compared with untransformed plant. Further analysis of the expression pattern of DgGA20ox and the endogenous content of active GA in the transgenic chrysanthemum both decreased compared with untransformed plant. It was suggested that the integration of foreign homologue genes may coordinated and reciprocal inactivation of host genes and transgenes encoding the same sense RNA, and then leaded to a cosuppression phenotypes.
引文
李鸿渐.中国菊花.江苏科学技术出版社,南京.1990.
Achard P, Herr A, Baulcombe D C, Harberd N P. Modulation of floral development by a gibberellin-regulated microRNA. Development,2004,131(14):3357-3365
Adams M D, Kelley J M, Goeayne J D, et al.Complementary DNA sequeneing:Expressed sequence tags and human genome project. Science,1991,252:1651-1656
Adams M, Venter J C, Merril C R, et al. Chromosomal Distribution of 320 Genes from a Brain cDNA Library. Nature Genetics,1993,4(4):381-386
Adjaye J, Daniels R, Monk M. The construction of cDNA libraries from human single preimplantation embryos and their use in the study of gene expression during development. J Assist Reprod Genet, 1998,15:344-348
Aida R, Komano M, Saito M, et al. Chrysanthemum flower shape modification by suppression of chrysanthemum-AGAMOUS gene. Plant Biotech,2008,25:55-59
Ait-Ali T, Frances S, Weller J L, et al. Regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase and gibberellin 3b-hydroxylase transcript accumulation during de-etiolation of pea seedlings. Plant Physiol,1999, 121:783-791
Ait-Ali T, Swain S M, Reid J B, et al. The LS locus of pea encodes the gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme ent-kaurene synthase A. Plant J,1991,11:443-454
Alabadi D, Gil J, Blazquez M, Garcia-Martinez J. Gibberellins repress photomorphogenesis in darkness. Plant Physiol,2004,134:1050-1057
Allona I, Quinn M, Shoop E, et al. Analysis of xylem formation in pine by cDNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1998,95(16):9693-9698
Altschul S F, Gish W, Miller W, et al. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol,1990,215(3): 403-410
Altschul S F, Madden T L, Schaffer A A, et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST:a new generation of protein database search programs. Nuceicl Acid Res,1997,25(17):3389-3402
Amemiya C T, Amores A, Ota T. Generation of a P1 artificial chromosome library of the Southern pufferfish. Gene,2001,272:283-289
Annadana S, Beekwilder M J, Kuipers G, et al. Cloning of the chrysanthemum UEP1 promoter and comparative expression in florets and leaves of Dendranthema grandiflora. Transgenic Res,2002, 11:437-445
Asamizu E, Nakamura Y, Sato S, Tabata S. A large scale analysis of cDNA in Arabidopsis thaliana: Generation of 12,028 non-redundant expressed sequence tags fromnormalized and size-selected cDNA libraries. DNA Res,2000,7(3):175-180
Asano T, Masumura, Kusano H, et al.Construction of a spectialized cDNA library from plant cells isolated by laser capture microdissection:toward comprehensive analysis of the genes expressed in the rice phloem. Plant J,2002,32(3):401-408
Asch H, Bode H, Robinson D G, Graebe J E. Ent-kaurene synthesis is located in proplastids of meristmatic shoot tissues. Planta,1997,202:211-219
Asch, H, Bose G, Graebe, J E. Ent-Kaurene biosynthesis in a cell-free system from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings and the localization of ent-kaurene synthetase in plastids of three species. Planta,1995,197:333-342
Athanasios S T, Konstantinos P, Ioannis I, Alexios N P. Isolation of three homologous AP1-like MADS-box genes in crocus(Crocus sativus L.) and characterization of their expression. Plant Sci,2004, 166:1235-1243
Aziz N, Paiva N L, May G D, Dixon R A. Transcriptome analysis of alfalfa glandular trichomes. Planta, 2005,221:28-38.
Benson D A, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman D J, et al, GenBank:update. Nucleic Acids Res,2003, 31(1):23-27
Benson D A, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman D J, et al. GenBank:update. Nucleic Acids Res,2009, 37(1):26-31
Bevan M, Bancroft I, Bent E, et al. Analysis of 1.9Mb of contiguous sequence from chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature,1998,391:485-488
Bey M, Stueber K, Fellenberg K, et al. Characterization of antirrhinum petal development and identification of target genes of the class B MADS box gene DEFICIENS. Plant Cell,2004, 16(12):3197-3215
Biemelt S, Tschiersch H, Sonnewald U. Impact of altered gibberellin metabolism on biomass accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, and photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Physiol, 2004,135:254-265
Blein J P, Coutos-Thevenot P, Marion D, Ponchet M. From elicitins to lipid-transfer proteins:A new insight in cell signalling involved in plant defence mechanisms. Trends in Plant Sci,2002, 7:293-296
Bonoldo M F, Lennon G, Soares M B. Normalization and Subtraction:Two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. Genomo Pes,1996,6:791-806
Bouquin T, Meier C, Foster R, et al. Control of specific gene expression by gibberellin and
brassinosteroid. Plant Physiol,2001,127:450-458
Brandle J E, Richman A, Swanson A K, et al. Leaf ESTs from Stevia rebaudiana:a resource for gene discovery in diterpene synthesis. Plant Mol Biol,2002,50(4-5):613-622
Britsch L, Ruhnau-Brich B, Forkmann G. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and in vitro expression offlavanone 3β-hydroxylase from Petunia hybrida. JBiol Chem,1992,267:5380-5387
Broholm S K, Tahtiharju S, Laitinen R A E,.et al. A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105(26):9117-9122
Buetow K H, Edmonson M N, Cassidy A B. Reliable identification of large numbers of candidate SNPs from public ESTdata. Nat Genet,1999,21(3):323-325
Burr B. Mapping and sequencing the rice genome. Plant Cell,2002,14(3):521-523
Cardon G, Hohmann S, Klein J, et al. Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis SBP-box genes. Gene,1999,237:91-104
Carla M W, John J R. Auxin promotes gibberellin biosynthesis in decapitated tobacco plants. Planta, 2001,214:153-157
Carlson J E, Leebens-Mack J H, Wall P K, et al. EST database for early flower development in California poppy(Eschscholzia californica Cham.. Papaveraceae) tags over 6000 genes from a basal eudicot. Plant Mol Biol,2006,62:351-369
Carrera E, Bou J, Garcia-Martinez J L, Prat S. Changes in GA 20-oxidase gene expression strongly affect stem length, tuber induction and tuber yield of potato plants. Plant J,2000,22(3):247-256
Carrera E, Jackson S D, Prat S. Feedback control and diurnal regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase transcript levels in potato. Plant Physiol,1999,119:765-773
Carulli J P, Artinger M, Swain F M, et al. High throughput analysis of differential gene expression. Cell Biochem Suppl,1998,30-31:286-296
Channeliere S, Riviere S, Scalliet G, et al. Analysis of gene expression in rose petals using expressed sequence tags. FEBSLett,2002,515:35-38
Cheng H, Qin L, Lee S, et al. Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis floral development via suppression of DELLA protein function. Development,2004,131:1055-1064
Chen L, Zhao L P, Gao Q K. Generation and analysis of expressed tags from the tender shoots cDNA library of tea plant(Camellia sinensis). Plant Sci,2005,168:359-363
Chiang H H, Hwang I, Goodman H M. Isolation of the Arabidopsis GA4 locus. Plant Cell,1995,7: 195-201
Cho S K, Ok S H, Jeung J U, et al. Comparative analysis of 5,211 leaf ESTs of wild rice (Oryza minuta). Plant Cell Rep,2004,22:839-847
Clua A, Bottini R, Brocchi G N, et al. Growth habit of Lotus tenuis shoots and the influence of photosynthetic photon flux density, sucrose and endogenous levels of gibberellins A1 and A3. Plant Physiol,1996,98:381-388
Cockshull K E. Chrysanthemum morifolium. In:Halevy A. (Eds.). CRC Handbook of Flowering 2.1985, 236-257
Coleclough C, Erlitz F L. Use of primer-restriction-end adapters in a novel cDNA cloning strategy. Gene, 1985,34:305-314
Coles J P, Phillips A L, Croker S J, et al. Modification of gibberellin production and plant development in Arabidopsis by sense and antisense expression of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes. Plant J,1999, 17:547-556
Corley S B, Carpenter R, Copsey L, Coen E. Floral asymmetry involves an interplay between TCP and MYB transcription factors in Antirrhinum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2005,102(14):5068-5073
Costanzo F, Castagnoli L, Dente L, et al. Cloning of several cDNA segments coding for human liver proteins. The EMBO journal,1983,2(1):57-61
Courtney-Gutterson N, Otten A, Firoozabady E, et al. Production of genetically engineered color-modified chrysanthemum plants carrying a homologous chalcone synthase gene and their field performance. Acta Hortic,1993,336:57-62
Cowling R J, Kamiya Y, Seto H, Harberd N P. Gibberellin dose-response regulation of GA4 gene transcript levels in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,1998,117:1195-1203
Curtis I S, Ward D A, Thomas S G, et al. Induction of dwarfism in transgenic Solanum dulcamara by over-expression of a gibberellin 20-oxidase cDNA from pumpkin. Plant J,2000,23:329-338
Davidson S E, Elliott R C, Helliwell C A, et al. The pea gene NA encodes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase. Plant Physiol,2003,131:335-344
Davidson S E, Smith J J, Helliwell C A, et al. The pea gene LH encodes ent-kaurene oxidase. Plant Physiol,2004,134:1123-1134
de Carvalho Niebel F, Frendo P, van Montagu M, et al. Post-transcriptional cosuppression of β-1,3-glucanase transgene expression in homozygous plants. EMBO J,1992,11:2595-2602
Delseny M. Towards an accurate sequence of the rice genome. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2003,6:101-105
Delseny M, Cooke R, Raynal M, et al. The Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA sequencing projects. FEBS Lett, 1997,403(3):221-224
Diataheko L, Lau Y F C, Campbell A P, et al. Suppression subtractive hybridization:A method forgenerating differentially regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes and libraries. Pro Natl Acad
Sci USA,1996,93:6025-6030
Dubois V, Botton E, Meyer C, et al. Systematic silencing of a tobacco nitrate reductase transgene in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J Exp Bot,2005,56(419):2379-2388
Eckardt N A. Sequencing the rice genome. Plant Cell,2000,12(11):2011-2017
Eriksson M E, Israelsson M, Olsson O, Moritz T. Increased gibberellin biosynthesis in transgenic trees promotes growth, biomass production and xylem fiber length. Nat Biotechnol,2000,18:784-788
Eriksson M E, Moritz T. Daylength and spatial expression of a gibberellin 20-oxidase isolated from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L.×P. tremuloides Michx.). Planta,2002,214:920-930
Ewing R M, Hillier L, Wendl M C, et al. Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred accuracy assessment. Genome Res,1998,8(3):175-185
Ewing R M, Kahla A B, Poirot O, et al. Large-scale statistical analysis of rice ESTs reveal correlated patterns of gene expression. Genome Res,1999,9:950-959
Feng Q, Zhang Y, Hao P, et al. Sequence and analysis of rice chromosome 4. Nature.2002,420(6913): 316-320
Filippo G C, Vania M, Marco F, et al. Molecular cloning and organ-specific expression of two gibberellin 20-oxidase genes of Helianthus annuus. Plant Mol Biol Rep, DOI 10.1007/s11105-008-0066-z (on line)
Foster K R, Morgan P W. Genetic regulation of development in Sorghum bicolor.IX.The maR3 allele disrupts diurnal control of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1995,108:337-343
Fourgoux-Nicol A, Drouaud J, Haouazine N, et al. Isolation of rapeseed genes expressed early and specifically during development of the male gametophyte. Plant Mol Biol,1999,40:857-872
Frisse A, Pimenta M J, Lange T. Expression studies of gibberellin oxidases in developing pumpkin seeds. Plant Physiol,2003,131:1220-1227
Fu X, Harberd N P. Auxin promotes Arabidopsis root growth by modulating gibberellin response. Nature, 2003,421:740-743
Fukai S. Cryopreservation of germplasm of chrysanthemums. In:Bajaj Y P S. (Eds.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol.32. Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I.1995,447-457
Garcia-Martinez J L, Gil J. Light regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and mode of action. J Plant Growth Regul,2002,20:354-368
Garcia-Martinez J L, Lopez-Diaz I, Sanchez-Beltran M J, et al. Isolation and transcript analysis of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes in pea and bean in relation to fruit development. Plant Mol Biol,1997, 33:1073-1084
Gawronska H, Yang Y-Y, Furukawa K, et al. Effects of low irradiance stress on gibberellin levels in pea seedlings. Plant CellPhysiol,1995,36:1361-1367
Gemund C, Ramu C, Altenberg-Greulich B, et al. Gene2EST:a BLAST2 server for searching expressed sequence tag (EST) databases with eukaryotic gene-sized queries. Nucl Acid Res,2001, 29(6):1272-1277
Green P, Lipman D, Hillier L, et al. Ancient conserved regions in new gene sequences and the protein databases. Science,1993,259(5102):1171-1176
Grivet L, Glaszmann J C, Vincentz M, et al. ESTs as a source for sequence polymorphism discovery in sugarcane:example of the Adh genes. Theor Appl Genet,2002,106(2):190-197
GroBelindemann E, Lewis M J, Hedden P, Graebe J E. Gibberellin biosynthesis from gibberellin A12-aldehyde in a cell-free system from germinating barley(Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Himalaya) embryo. Planta,1992,188:252-257
Groot S P C, Karssen C M. Gibberellins regulate seed germination in tomato by endosperm weakening: a study with gibberellin-deficient mutants. Planta,1987,171:525-531
Gubler U, Hoffman B J. A simple and very efficent method for generating cDNA library. Gene,1983, 25:263-269
Han J H, Stratowa C, Rutter W J. Isolation of full-length putative rat lysophospholipase cDNA using improved methods for mRNA isolation and cDNA cloning. Biochemistry,1987,26:1617-1625
Hansen E, Olsen J E, Junttila O. Gibberellins and subapical cell divisions in relation to bud set and bud break in Salix pentandra. J Plant Growth Regul,1999,18:167-170
Hanson R E, Zwick M S, Choi S, et al. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of a bacterial artificial chromosomes. Genome,1995,38(4):646-651
Harushima Y, Yano M, Shomura A, et al. A high-density rice genetic linkage map with 2,275 markers using a single F2 population. Genetics,1998,148:1-16
Hauser B A, He J Q, Park S O, Gasser C S. TSO1 is a novel protein that modulates cytokinesis and cell expansion in Arabidopsis. Development,2000,127:2219-2226
Hatey F, Tosser-Klopp G, Clouseard-Martinato C, et al. Expressed sequence tags for genes:a review. Genet Sel Evol,1998,30:521-541
Hay A, Barkoulas M, Tsiantis M. Pinning down the connections:transcription factors and hormones in leaf morphogenesis. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2004,7:575-581
Hazebroek J P, Metzger J D, Mansager E R. Thermoinductive regulation of gibberellin in metabolism in Thlaspi arvensi.L Ⅱ:Cold induction of enzyme in gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1993,102: 547-552
Hazebroek J P, Metzger J D. Thermoinductive regulation of gibberellin metabolism in Thlaspi arvensi.L
I:metabolism of [2H] kaurenoic acid and [34C] gibberellin A12-aldehyde. Plant Physiol,1990, 94:157-165
Heddad M, Noren H, Reiser V, et al. Differential expression and localization of early light-induced proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2006,142(1):75-87
Hedden P.2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in plants:mechanism and function. Biochem Soc Trans,1992,20:373-377
Hedden P. The oxidases of gibberellin biosynthesis:Their function and mechanism. Physiol Plantarum, 1997,101:709-719
Hedden P, Kamiya Y. Gibberellin biosynthesis:enzymes, genes and their regulation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1997,48:431-460
Hedden P, Phillips A L. Gibberellin metabolism:new insights revealed by the genes. Trends Plant Sci, 2000a,5:523-530
Hedden P, Phillips A L. Manipulation of hormone biosynthetic genes in transgenic plants. Curr Opin Biotechnol,2000b,11:130-137
Hedden P, Proebsting W M. Genetic analysis of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1999,119: 365-370
Helliwell C A, Chandler P M, Poole A, Olive M R, Dennis, E S, Peacock W J. The CYP88A cytochrome P450, ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase, catalyzes three steps of the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98:2065-2070
Helliwell C A, Poole A, Peacock W J, Dennis E S. Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase catalyzes three steps of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1999,119:507-510
Helliwell C A, Sheldon C C, Olive M R, et al. Cloning of the Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase gene GA3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1998,95:9019-9024
Hertzberg M, Sievertzon M, Aspeborg H, et al. cDNA microarray analysis of small plant tissue samples using a cDNA tag target amplification protocol. Plant J,2001,25(5):585-591
Hisamatsu T, King R W, Helliwell C A, Koshioka M. The Involvement of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes in phytochrome-regulated petiole elongation of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2005,138:1106-1116
Ho T Y, Hsiang C Y, Wu K, el al. Rapid screening of the pseudorabies virus-specific cDNAs from a cDNA library. J Virol Methods,1996,58:187-192
Huang S S, Raman A S, Ream J E, et al. Overexpression of 20-oxidase confers a gibberellin-overproduction phenotype in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,1998,118:773-781
Hu W, Wang Y, Christian B, Ma H. Isolation, sequence analysis, and expression studies of florally expressed cDNAs in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol,2003,53:545-563
Huang S S, Raman A S, Ream J E, et al. Overexpression of GA 20-oxidase confers a gibberellin-overproduction phenotype in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,1998,118:773-781
Ioannou P A, Amemiya C T, Games J, et al. A new bacteriophage P1-derived vector for the propagation of large human DNA fragments. Nature Genetics,1994,6:84-89
Itoh H, Matsuoka M, Steber C M. A role for the ubiquitin-26S-protease pathway in gibberellin signaling. Trends Plant Sci,2003,8:492-497
Itoh H, Tanaka-Ueguchi M T, Kawaide H. The gene encoding tobacco gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase is expressed at the site of GA action during stem elongation and flower organ development. Plant J, 1997,20:15-24
Itoh H, Tanaka-Ueguchi M T, Sentoku N, et al. Cloning and functional analysis of two gibberellin 3 beta-hydroxylase genes that are differently expressed during the growth of rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98:8909-8914
Jacobsen S E, Olszewshi N E. Mutations at the SPINDLY locus of Arabidopsis alter gibberellin signal transduction. Plant cell,1993,5:887-896
Jako C, Coutu C, Roewer I, et al. Probing carotenoid biosynthesis in developing seed coats of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) through expressed sequence tag analysis. Plant Sci,2002,163(1):141-145
Jaime A, Teixeira D S. Ornamental chrysanthemums:improvement by biotechnology. Plant Cell Tiss Org,2004,79:1-18
Jang S H, An K S, Lee S Y, et al. Characterization of tobacco MADS-box genes involved in floral initiation. Plant and Cell Physiol,2002,43(2):230-238
Jones D T, Swindelis M B. Getting the most from PSI-BLAST. Trends Biochem Sci,2002,27(3): 161-164
Kader J C. Lipid-transfer proteins:a puzzling family of plant proteins. Trends in plant science,1997, 2(2):66-70
Kamiya Y, Garcia-Martinez J L. Regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis by light. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 1999,2:398-403
Kang H G, Jun S H, Kim J, et al. Cloning and molecular analyses of a gibberellin 20-oxidase gene expressed specifically in developing seeds of watermelon. Plant Physiol,1999,121:373-382
Katsuyoshi S, Takeshi I, Kazuma N, Kiyoshi M, Hiroaki K, Hitoshi W, et al. Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Petunia flowers. Plant Sci,2007,173:495-500
Kieffer M, Davies B. Developmental programmes in floral organ formation. Semin. Cell Dev Biol,2001, 12(5):373-380
Kim J H, Kende H. A transcriptional coactivator, AtGIFl, is involved in regulating leaf growth and
morphology in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101(36):13374-13379
King R W, Moritz T, Evans L T, et al. Regulation of flowering in the long-day grass Lolium temulentum by gibberellins and the FLOWERING LOCUS T gene. Plant Physiol,2006,141:498-507
Kishimoto S, Ohmiya A. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in petals and leaves of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Physiol Plantarum,2006,128:436-447
Kobayashi M, Spray C R, Phinney B O, Gaskin P, MacMillan J. Gibberellin metabolism in maize-the stepwise conversion of gibberellin A 12-aldehyde to gibberellin A20. Plant Physiol,1996,110: 413-418
Kotilainen M, Helariutta Y, Mehto M, et al. GEG participates in the regulation of cell and organ shape during corolla and carpel development in Gerbera hybrida. Plant Cell,1999,11:1093-1104
Komeda Y. Genetic regulation of time to flower in Arabidopsis thaliana. Annu Rev Plant Biol,2004, 55(1):521-535
Kostov R V, Small C L, McFadden B A. Mutations in a sequence near the N-terminus of the small subunit alter the CO2/O2 specificity factor for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Photosynth Res,1997,54:127-134
Kotilainen M, Helariutta Y, Mehto M, Pollanen E, Albert VA, Elomaa P, et al. GEG participates in the regulation of cell and organ shape during corolla and carpel development in Gerbera hybrida. Plant Cell,1999,11:1093-1104
Kotilainen M, Elomaa P, Uimari A, Albert V A, Yu D, Teeri T H. GRCD1, an AGL2-like MADS box gene, participates in the C function during stamen development in Gerbera hybrida. Plant Cell, 2000,12:1893-1902
Kusaba S, Honda C, Kano-Murakami Y. Isolation and expression analysis of gibberellin 20-oxidase homologous gene in apple. JExp Bot.2001,52:375-376
Lai Z, Livingstone K, Zou Y, et al. Identification and mapping of SNPs from ESTs in sunflower, Theor Appl Genet,2005,111:1532-1544
Laitinen R A E, Immanen J, Auvinen P, et al. Analysis of the floral transcriptome uncovers new regulators of organ determination and gene families related to flower organ differentiation in Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae). Genome Res,2005,15:475-486
Lange T. Cloning gibberellin dioxygenase genes from pumpkin endosperm by heterologous expression of enzyme activities in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94:6553-6558
Lange T, Hedden P, Graebe J E. Expression cloning of a gibberellin 20-oxidase, a multifunctional enzyme involved in gibberellin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1994,91:8552-8556
Lange T, Kappler J, Fischer A, Frisse A, Padeffke T, Schmidtke S, Lange M J P. Gibberellin biosynthesis in developing pumpkin seedlings. Plant Physiol,2005,139:213-223
Lange T, Kegler C, Hedden P, Phillips A L, Graebe J E. Molecular characterization of gibberellin 20-oxidase:structure-untion studies on recombinant enzymes and chimaeric proteins. Plant Physiol, 1997a,100:543-549
Lange T, Robatzek S, Frisse A. Cloning and expression of a gibberellin 2β,3β-hydroxylase cDNA from pumpkin endosperm. Plant Cell,1997b,9:1459-1467
Lannenpaa M, Janonen I, Holtta-Vuori M, Gardemeister M, Porali I, Sopanen T. A new SBP-box gene BpSPLl in silver birch (Betula pendula). Plant Physiol,2004,120:491-500
Lee D J, Zeevaart J A D. Differential regulation of RNA levels of gibberellin dioxygenases by photoperiod in spinach. Plant Physiol,2002,130:2085-2094
Lee D J, Zeevaart J A D. Regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidasel expression in spinach by photoperiod. Planta,2007,226:35-44
Lee I J, Foster K R, Morgan P W. Photoperiod control of gibberellin levels and flowering in sorghum. Plant Physiol,1998,116:1003-1011
Lester D R, Ross J J, Davies P J, Reid J B. Mendel's stem length gene (Le) encodes a gibberellin 3b-hydroxylase. Plant Cell,1997,9:1435-1443
Lester D R, Ross J J, Smith J J, Elliott R C, Reid J B. Gibberellin 2-oxidation and the SLN gene of Pisum sativum. Plant J,1999,19:65-73
Liang F, Holt I, Pertea G, et al. A optimized protocol for analysis of EST sequences. Nucl Acid Res,2000, 28(18):3657-3665
Liang P, Pardee A B. Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science,1992,257:967-971
Li J, Wen K, Lease J, Tax F D, Walker J. BAK1, an Arabidopsis LRR receptor-like protein kinase, interacts with BRI1 and modulates brassinosteroid signaling. Cell,2002,110(2):213-222
Lisa M P, Nicholas P H, Isabelle A C, Brian T, Stephen D J. Expression of the Arabidopsis gai gene under its own promoter causes a reduction in plant height in chrysanthemum by attenuation of the gibberellin response. Plant Sci,2003,164:175-182
Liu L, Zhu K, Yang Y, et al. Molecular cloning, expression profiling and trans-activation property studies of a DREB2-like gene from chrysanthemum(Dendranthema vestitum). J Plant Res,2008, 121:215-226
Lohmann J U, Weigel D. Building beauty:the genetic control of floral patterning. Dev. Cell,2002, 2:135-142
Lopez C, Jorge V, Pie'gu B, et al. A unigene catalogue of 5700 expressed genes in cassava. Plant Mol Biol,2004,56:541-554
Lovegrove A, Hooley R. Gibberellin and abscisic acid signaling in aleurone. Trends Plant Sci,2000, 5:102-110
Lundin M, Mikkelsen B, Moran P, Martinez J L, Syed M. Cosmid clones from Atlantic salmon:Physical genome mapping. Aquaculture,1999,173:59-64
Luo D, Carpenter R, Vincent C, Copsey L, Coen E. Origin of floral asymmetry in Antirrhinum. Nature, 1996,383:794-799
MacMillan J. Occurrence of gibberellin in vascular plants, fungi and bacteria. J Plant Growth Regul, 2002,20:387-442
MacMillan J., Ward D A, Phillips A L, et al. Gibberellin biosynthesis from gibberellin A12-aldehyde in., endosperm and embryos of Marah macrocarpus. Plant Physiol,1997,113:1369-1377
Martin D N, Proebsting W M, Hedden P. Mendel's dwarfing gene:cDNAs from the Le alleles and function of the expressed proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1991,94:8907-8911
Martin D N, Proebsting W M, Hedden P. The SLENDER gene of pea encodes a gibberellin 2-oxidase. Plant Physiol,1999,121:775-781
Martin D N, Proebsting W M, Parks T D, et al. Feed-back regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and gene expression in Pisum sativum L. Planta,1996,200:159-166
Ma Y P, Fang X H, Chen F, Dai S L. DFL, a FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologue gene from Dendranthema lavandulifolium is expressed both in the vegetative and reproductive tissues. Plant Cell Rep,2008,27:647-654
Meinke D W, Cherry J M, Dean C D, et al. Arabidopsis thaliana:a model plant for genome analysis, Science,1998,282(5389):662-682
Moriyasu Y, Hattori M, Jauh G Y, Rogers J C. Alpha tonoplast intrinsic protein is specifically associated with vacuole membrane involved in an autophagic process. Plant Cell Physiol,2003,44(8):795-802
Mutasa-Gottgens E, Hedden P. Gibberellin as a factor in floral regulatory networks. JExp Bot,2009, doi:10.1093/jxb/erp040
Myster J, Ernstsen A, Junttila O, Moe R. Thermo-and photoperiodicity and involvement of gibberellins during day and night cycle on elongation growth of Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch. J Plant Growth Regul,1997,16:189-196
Nag A, Yang Y Z, Jack T. DORNROSCHEN-LIKE, an AP2 gene, is necessary for stamen emergence in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol,2007,65(3):219-232
Nakatsuka T, Mishibaa K, Abe Y, et al. Flower color modification of gentian plants by RNAi-mediated gene silencing. Plant Biotech,2008,25:61-68
Nakayama A, Nakajima M, Yamaguchi I. Distribution of gibberellins and expressional analysis of GA 20-oxidase genes of morning glory during fruit maturation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,2005, 69:334-342
Napoli C, Lemieux C, Jorgensen R. Introduction of a chimeric chalcone synthase gene into Petunia results in reversible cosuppression of homologous genes in trans. Plant Cell,1990, 2:279-289
Narumi T, Kannob Y, Suzuki M, et al. Cloning of a cDNA encoding an ethylene receptor (DG-ERS1) from chrysanthemum and comparison of its mRNA level in ethylene-sensitive and-insensitive cultivars. Postharvest Biol Tec,2005,36:21-30
Niki T, Nishijima T, Nakayama M, et al. Production of dwarf lettuce by overexpressing a Pumpkin Gibberelling 20-oxidase gene. Plant Physiol,2001,126:965-972
Nilsson O, Lee H, Blazquez M A, Weigel D. Flowering time genes modulate the response to LEAFY activity. Genetics,1998,150(1):403-410
Ohlrogge J, Benning C. Unravelling plant metabolism by EST analysis. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2000,3: 224-228
Ohmiya A, Kishimoto S, Aida R, Yoshioka S, Sumitomo K. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CmCCD4a) contributes to white color formation in chrysanthemum petals. Plant Physiol,2006, 142:1193-1201
Okubo K, Hori N, Matoba R, et al. Large scale cDNA sequencing for analysis of quantitative and qualitative aspects of gene expression. Nature Genetics,1992,2:173-179
Olszewski N, Sun T P, Gubler F. Gibberellin signaling:biosynthesis, catabolism, and response pathways. Plant Cell,2002,14:61-80
O'Neill D P, Ross J J. Auxin regulation of the gibberellin pathway in pea. Plant Physiol,2002,130:1-9
Otsuga D, DeGuzman B, Prigge M J, Drews G N, Clark S E. REVOLUTA regulates meristem initiation at lateral positions, Plant J,2001,25:223-236
Outchkourov N S, Peters J, de Jong J, Rademakers W, Jongsma M A. The promoter-terminator of chrysanthemum rbcSl directs very high expression levels in plants. Planta,2003,216:1003-1012
Ozga J A, Ju J, Reinecke D M. Pollination-, development-, and auxin-specific regulation of gibberellin 3 beta-hydroxylase gene expression in pea fruit and seeds. Plant Physiol,2003,131:1137-1146
Pang Y, Shen G, Wu W, et al. Characterization and expression of chalcone synthase gene from Ginkgo biloba. Plant Sci,2005,168(6):1525-1531
Park S, Oh S, Han K. Large-scale computational analysis of poplar ESTs reveals the repertoire and unique features of expressed genes in the poplar genome. Molecular Breeding,2004,14:429-440
Peng J, Harberd N P. The role of GA-mediated signaling in the control of seed germination. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2002,5:376-381
Picoult-Newberg L, Ideker T E, Pohl M G, et al. Mining SNPs from EST database. Genome Res,1999, 9(2):167-174
Phillips A L,. Ward D A, Uknes S, et al. Isolation and expression of three gibberellin 20-oxidase cDNA clones from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,1995,108:1049-1057
Potter T I, Rood S B, Zanewich K P. Light intensity,gibberellin content and the resolution of shoot growth in Brassica. Planta,1999,207:505-511
Prescott A G. A dilemma of dioxygenases (or Where biochemistry and molecular biology fail to meet). J Exp Bot,1993,44:849-861
Qin L, Prins P, Jones J T, et al. GenEST, a powerful bidirectional link between cDNA sequence data and gene expression profiles generated by cDNA-AFLP. Nucl Acid Res,2001,29(7):1616-1622
Quackenbush J, Liang F, Holt I, et al. The TIGR gene indices:reconstruction and representation of expressed gene sequences. Nucl Acid Res,2000,28(1):141-145
Quackenbush J, Cho J, Lee D, et al. The TIGR gene indices:analysis of gene transcript sequences in highly sampled eukaryotic species. Nucl Acid Res,2001,29(1):159-164
Que Qiudeng, Wang Huai-Yu, English J J,et al. The frequency and degree of cosuppression by sense Chalcone Synthase transgenes are dependent on transgene promoter strength and are reduced by premature nonsense codons in the transgene coding sequence. Plant Cell,1997, 9:1357-1368
Radi A, Lange T, Niki T, et al. Ectopic expression of Pumpkin gibberellin oxidases alters gibberellin biosynthesis and development of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Plant Physiol. 2006,140:528-536
Rebers M, Kaneta T, Kawaide H S, et al. Regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis genes during flower and early fruit developing of tomato. Plant J,1999,17:241-250
Reid J B, Botwright N A, Smith J J, O'Neill D P, Kerckhoffs L H J. Control of gibberellin levels and gene expression during de-etiolation in pea. Plant Physiol,2002,128:734-741
Richards D E, King K E, Ait-ali T, Harberd N P. How gibberellin regulates plant growth and development:a molecular genetic analysis of gibberellin signaling. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,2001,52:67-88
Richman A S, Gijzen M, Starratt A N, Yang Z, Brandle J E. Diterpene synthesis Stevia rebaudiana: recruitment and up-regulation of key enzymes from the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway. Plant J, 1999,19:411-421
Riechmann J L, Heard J, Martin G, Reuber L, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors:genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science,2000,290:2105-2110
Rieu I, Ruiz-Rivero O, Fernandez-Garcia N. The gibberellin biosynthetic genes AtGA20oxl and AtGA20ox2 act, partially redundantly, to promote growthand development throughout the Arabidopsis life cycle. Plant J,2008,53:488-504
Roach P L, Clifton I J, Fulop V, et al. Crystal structure of isopenicillin N synthase is the first from a new structural family of enzymes. Nature,1995,375:700-704
Ross J J, O'Neill D P, Smith J J, et al. Evidence that auxin promotes gibberellin A1 biosynthesis in pea. Plant J,2000,21:547-552
Ross J J, O'Neill D P, Wolbang C M, Symons G M, Reid J B. Auxin-gibberellin interactions and their role in plant growth. J Plant Growth Regul,2002,20:346-353
Rounsley S, Linx, Ketchumka. Large-scale sequencing of plant genome. Curr Opin plant Biol,1998, 1(2):136-141
Saji S, Umehara Y, Antonio B A, et al. A physical map with yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones covering 63%of the 12 rice chromosomes. Genome,2001,44:32-37
Sakamoto T, Miura K, Itoh H, et al. An overview of gibberellin metabolism enzyme genes and their related mutants in rice. Plant Physiol,2004,134:1642-1653
Salanoubat M, Lemcke K, Rieger M, et al. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature,2000,408(6814):820-822
Sargent T D, Dawid IB. Differential genen expression in the Gastrula of Xenopus laevis. Science,1983, 222:135-139
Sasaki T, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto K, et al. The genome sequence and structure of rice chromosome 1. Nature,2002,420(6913):312-316
Scbraml P, Sbipman R, Stulz P, et al. cDNA substraction library construction using amagnet-assisted substraction technique (MAST). TIG,1993,9:70-71
Schomburg F M, Bizzell C M, Lee D J, Zeevaart J A D, Amasino R M. Overexpression of a novel class of gibberellin 2-oxidases decreases gibberellin levels and creates dwarf plants. Plant Cell,2003,15: 151-163
Schuler G D. Pieces of the sequence tags and the catalog of human genes. J Mol Med,1997a,75: 694-698
Schuler G D. ESTprep:Preprocessing cDNA sequence reads. Bioinformatics,1997b,19:1318-1324
Schuler G D, Boguski M S, Steuart E A, et al. A gene map of the human genome. Science,1996, 274:540-546
Scott K D, Eggler P, Seaton G, et al. Analysis of SSRs derived from grape ESTs. Theor Appl Genet,2000, 100(5):723-726
Sessions A, Yanofsky M F, Weigel D. Patterning the floral meristem. Semin. Cell Dev Biol,1998, 9:221-226
Shao H, Li B, Wang B, et al. A study on differentially expressed gene screening of Chrysanthemum plants under sound stress. Comptes rendus biologies,2008,331(5):329-333
Shchennikova A V, Shulga O A, Angenent G C, Skryabin K G. Genetic regulation of inflorescence development in Chrysanthemum. Doklady Biol Sci,2003,391:368-370
Shchennikova A V, Shulga O A, Immink R, Skryabin K G, Angenent G C. Identification and characterization of four Chrysanthemum MADS-Box genes, belonging to the APETALA1/ FRUITFULL and SEPALLATA3 subfamilies. Plant Physiol,2004,134:1632-1641
Shimada Y, Shimada R N, Ohbayashi M, et al. Expression of chimeric P450 genes encoding favonoid-3', 5'-hydroxylase in transgenic tobacco and petunia plants. FEBS Lett,1999,461:241-245
Shimamura K, Ishimizu T, Nishimura K, et al. Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Petunia flowers. Plant Sci,2007,173:495-500
Short J M, Sorge J A. In vivo excision properties of bacteriophage lambda ZAP expression vectors. Methods Enzymol,1992,216:495-508
Siegfried K R, Eshed Y, Baum S F, Otsuga D, Drews G N, Bowman J L. Members of the YABBY gene family specify abaxial cell fate in Arabidopsis. Development,1999,126:4117-4128
Silverstone A L, Chang, C W, Krol E, Sun T P. Developmental regulation of the gibberellin biosynthetic gene GA in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J,1997,12:9-19
Silverstone A L, Ciampaglio C N, Sun T P. The Arabidopsis RGA gene encodes a transcriptional regulator repressing the gibberellin signal transduction pathway. Plant Cell,1998,10:155-169
Singh D P, Jermakow A M, Swain S M. Gibberellins are required for seed development and pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell,2002,14:3133-3147
Sive H L, John T S. A simple subtractive hybridization technique employing photoactivatable biotin and phenol extraction. Nucleic Acids Res,1988,16(22):10937
Smith G P. Filamentous fusion phage:novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface. Science,1985,228(4705):1315-1317
Smith M W, Yamaguchi S, Ait-Ali T, Kamiya Y The first step of gibberellin biosynthesis in pumpkin is catalyzed by at least two copalyl diphosphate syntheses encoded by differentially regulated genes. Plant Physiol,1998,118:1411-1419
Soltis E D, Soltis P S. Contributions of plant molecular systematics to studies of molecular evolution. Plant Mol Biol,2000,42:45-75
Spencer D F, Schnare M N, Coulthart M B, Gray M W. Sequence and organization of a 7.2 kb region of wheat mitochondrial DNA containing the large subunit (26S) rRNA gene. Plant Mol Biol,1992, 20:347-352
Spielmeyer W, Ellis M H, and Chandler P M. Semi-dwarf (sd-1) "green revolution" rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2002,99:9043-9048
Sponsel V M, Hedden P. Gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation. In Davies P J, Ed, Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action!. Dordrecht, the Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2004,63-94
Stam M, Mol J N M, Kooter J M. The silence of genes in transgenic plants. Annals of Bot,1997, 79:3-12
Sterky F, Bhalerao R R, Unneberg P, et al. A Populus EST resource for plant functional genomics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101:13951-13956
Strauss S H, Martin F M. Poplar genomics comes of age. New Phytologist,2004,164:1-4
Sumitomo K, Li T, Hisamatsu T. Gibberellin promotes flowering of chrysanthemum by upregulating CmFL, a chrysanthemum FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologous gene. Plant Science,2009,176: 643-649
Sung Z R, Chen L, Moon Y H, Lertpiriyapong K. Mechanisms of floral repression in Arabidopsis. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2003,6:29-35
Sun T P. Gibberellin signal transduction. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2000,3:374-380
Sun T P, Goodman H M, Ausubel F M. Cloning the Arabidopsis GA1 locus by genomic subtraction. Plant Cell,1992,4:119-128
Sun T P, Kamiya Y. The Arabiolopsis GA1 locus encodes the cyclase ent-kaurene synthetase A of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Cell,1994,6:1509-1518
Sung Z R, Chen L, Moon Y H, Lertpiriyapong K. Mechanisms of floral repression in Arabidopsis. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2003,6:29-35
Susana U T, Jose L, Garcia-Martinez J L, Isabel L D. Molecular, biochemical and physiological characterization of gibberellin biosynthesis and catabolism genes from Nerium oleander. J Plant Growth Regul.2006,25:52-68
Suzuki H, Nakayama T, Yamaguchi M, Nishino T. cDNA cloning and characterization of two Dendranthema×morifolium anthocyanin malonyltransferases with different functional activities.
Plant Sci,2004,166:89-96
Swain S M, Reid J B, Kamiya Y. Gibberellins are required for embryo growth and seed development in pea. Plant J,1997,12:1329-1338
Sterky F, Regan S, Karlsson J, et al.Gene discovery in the wood-forming tissues of poplar:analysis of 5,692 expressed sequence tags. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1998,95(22):13330-13335
Talon M, Koomneef M, Zeevaart J AD. Endogenous gibberellins in Arabidopsis thaliana and possible steps blocked in the biosynthetic pathway of the semidwarf ga4 and ga5 mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1990,87:7983-7987
Tamotsu H, King R W, Helliwell C A, Koshioka M. The involvement of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes in phytochrome-regulated petiole elongation of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2005,138:1106-1116
Tanimoto E. Gibberellin requirement for the normal growth of roots. In:Takahashi N, Phinney B O, MacMillan J. (Eds.), Gibberellins, Springer-Verlag, New York.1990,229-240
Thiel T, Michalek W, Varshney K, et al. Exploiting EST database for the development and characterization of gene-derived SSR-markers in barley. (Hordeum vulgare L.). TheorAppl Genet, 2003,106(3):411-412
Thomas R. Solid-phase cDNA libary construction, a versatile approach. Nucleic Acids Research,1998, 26(14):3451-3452
Thomas S G, Phillips A L, Hedden P. Molecular cloning and functional expression of gibberellin 2-oxidases, multifunctional enzymes involved in gibberellin deactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1999,96:4698-4703
Toyomasu T, Kawaide H, Mitsuhashi W, et al. Phytochrome regulates gibberellin biosynthesis during germination of photoblastic lettuce seeds. Plant Physiol,1998,118:1517-1523
Toyomasu T, Kawaide H, Sekimoto H, et al. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding gibberellin 20-oxidase from rice (Oryza sativa) seedings. Plant Physiol,1997,99:111-118
Tsai W C, Hsiao Y Y, Lee S H, et al. Expression analysis of the ESTs derived from the flower buds of Phalaenopsis equestris. Plant Sci,2006,170:426-432
Unte U S, Sorensen A M, Pesaresi P, et al. SPL8, an SBP-box gene that affects pollen sac development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell,2003,15:1009-1019
van der Krol A R, Mur L A, Beld M M, et al. Flavonnoid genes in Petunia:Addition of a limited number of gene copies may lead to a suppression of gene expression. Plant Cell,1990,2: 291-299
Van H R, Ozga J A, Reinecke D M. Seed and hormonal regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase expression in pea pericarp. Plant Physiol,1997,115:123-128
van Tunen A J, Mur LA, Recourt K, et al. Regulation and manipulation of flavonoid gene expression in anthers of Petunia:the molecular basis of the Po mutation. Plant Cell,1991,3:39-48
Vaucheret H, Beclin C, Elmayan T, et al. Transgene-induced gene silencing in plants. Plant J, 1998,16(6):651-659
Vaucheret H, Beclin C, Fagard M. Post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants. J Cell Sci.,2001, 114(17):3083-3091
Vidal A M, Gisbert C, Talo'n M, et al. The ectopic overexpression of a citrus gibberellin 20-oxidase enhances the non-13-hydroxylation pathway of gibberellin biosynthesis and induces extremely elongated phenotype in tobacco. Plant Physiol,2001,112:251-260
Vitek M P, Kreissman S G, Gross R H. The isolation of ecdysterone inducible genes by hybridization subtraction chromatography. Nucleic Acid Res,1981,9:1191-1202
Wang S M, Fears S C, Zhang L, et al. Screening poly (dAydT)+cDNAs for gene identification. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA,2000,97(8):4162-4167
Ward J L, Jackson G J, Beale M H, et al. Stereochemistry of the oxidation of gibberellin 20-alcohols, GA15 and GA44, to 20-aldehydes by gibberellin 20-oxidases. Chem Commun,1997,1:13-14
Weigel D. From floral induction to floral shape. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol,1998,1:55-59
Weigel D, Meyerowitz E M. The ABCs of floral homeotic genes. Cell,1994,78:203-209
Weissman S M. Molecular genetic techniques for mapping the human genome. Mol Biol Med,1987, 4(3):133-143
Wheeler D L, Church D M, Federhen S, et al. Database resources of the national center for biotechnology. Nucleic Acid Res,2003,31(1):28-33
White J A, Todd J, Newman T, et al. A new set of Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags from developing seeds. The metabolic pathway from carbohydrates to seed oil. Plant Physiol,2000,124(4): 1582-1594
Wileox A S, KhanA S, Hopkins J A, et al. Use of 3'untranslated sequences of human cDNAs for rapid chromosome assignment and conversion to STSs:implication for an expression map of the genome. Nucleic Acid Res,1991,19:1837-1843
Wolbang C M, Ross J J. Auxin promotes gibberellin biosynthesis in decapitated tobacco plants. Planta, 2002,214:153-157
Wu K, Li L,. Gage D A, Zeevaart J A D. Molecular cloning and photoperiod-regulated expression of gibberellin 20-oxidase from the long-day plant spinach. Plant Physiol,1996,110:547-554
Xiao J, Li H, Zhang J, et al. Dissection of GA 20-oxidase members affecting tomato morphology by RNAi-mediated silencing. Plant Growth Regul,2006,50:179-189
Xu J, Lange T, Altpeter R. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a multifunctional gibberellin 20-oxidase from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plant Sci,2002,163:147-155
Xu Y L, Li L, Gage D A, Zeevaart J A D. Feedback regulation of GA5 expression and metabolic engineering of gibberellin levels in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell,1999,11:927-935
Xu Y L, Li L, Wu K, et al. The GA5 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a multifunctional gibberellin 20-oxidase:molecular cloning and functional expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1995,92:6640-6644
Yamaguchi S, Kamiya Y. Gibberellin biosynthesis:its regulation by endogenous and environmental signals. Plant Cell Physiol,2000,41:251-257
Yamaguchi S, Saito T, Abe H, Yamane H, Murofushi N, Kamiya Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme ent-kaurene synthase B from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L). Plant J,1996,10:203-213
Yamaguchi S, Sun T P, Kawaide H, Kamiya Y. The locus of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes ent-kaurene synthase of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1998a,116:1271-1278
Yamaguchi S, Smith M W, Brown R G S, Kamiya Y, Sun T P. Phytochrome regulation and differential expression of gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase genes in germinating Arabidopsis seed. Plant Cell,1998b, 10:2115-2126
Yamaguchi Y, Ogawa M, Hanada A, Kamiya Y, Yamaguchi S. Activation of gibberellin biosynthesis and response pathway by low temperayure during imbibition of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Plant Cell, 2004,16:367-378
Yammanoto K, Sasaki T. Large-scale EST sequencing in rice. Plant Mol Biol,1997,35:135-144
Yang D H, Yun P Y, Park S Y, et al. Cloning, characterization and expression of a Lateral suppressor-like gene from chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitamura). Plant Physiol Bioch,2005, 43(12):1044-1051
Yang J, Huang J, Gu H, Zhong Y, Yang Z. Duplication and adaptive evolution of the chalcone synthase genes of Dendranthema (Asteraceae). Mol Biol Evol,2002,19(10):1752-1759
Yang W, Bai X, Kabelka E, et al. Discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Lycopersicon esculentum by computer aided analysis of expressed sequence tags. Mol Breeding,2004,14:21-34
Yang Y, Wu J, Zhu K, et al. Identification and characterization of two chrysanthemum (Dendronthema moriforlium) DREB genes, belonging to the AP2/EREBP family. Mol Biol Rep,2009,36:71-81
Yu D, Kotilainen M, Pollanen E, et al. Organ identity genes and modified patterns of flower development in Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae). Plant J,1999,17:51-62
Yu H, Ito T, Zhao Y, et al. Floral homeotic genes are targets of gibberellin signaling in flower development. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101(20):7827-7832
Weigel D. From floral induction to floral shape. Curr Opin Plant Biol,1998,1:55-59
Zanewich K P, Rood S B. Vemalization and gibberellin physiology of winter canola. Endogenous gibberellin (GAi) content and metabolism of [3H] GA20. Plant Physiol,1995,108:615-621
Zhang D, Wanamaker D W C, Fenton R D, et al. Construction and evaluation of cDNA libraries for Large-scale expressed sequence tag sequencing in Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) Genetics,2004, 168:595-608
Zhang X D, Callahan F E, Jenkins J N, et al. A novel root-specific gene, MIC-3, with increased expression in nematode-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) after root-knot nematode infection. Biochimica Biophysica Acta,Gene Structure and Expression,2002,1576(1-2):214-218
Zhao D, Yu Q, Chen C, Ma H. Genetic control of reproductive meristems. In:McManus M T and Veit B (Eds.). Annual Plant Review:Meristematic Tissues in Plant Growth and Development. Sheffield Academic Press. Sheffield. UK.2001,89-142
Zhou Y, Tang J B, Walker M G, et al. Gene identification and expression analysis of 86136 expressed sequence tags (EST) from the rice genome. Geno.,Prot.&Bioinfo,2003,1:26-42
Achard P, Herr A, Baulcombe D C, Harberd N P. Modulation of floral development by a gibberellin-regulated microRNA. Development,2004,131(14):3357-3365
Adams M D, Kelley J M, Goeayne J D, et al.Complementary DNA sequeneing:Expressed sequence tags and human genome project. Science,1991,252:1651-1656
Adams M, Venter J C, Merril C R, et al. Chromosomal Distribution of 320 Genes from a Brain cDNA Library. Nature Genetics,1993,4(4):381-386
Adjaye J, Daniels R, Monk M. The construction of cDNA libraries from human single preimplantation embryos and their use in the study of gene expression during development. J Assist Reprod Genet, 1998,15:344-348
Aida R, Komano M, Saito M, et al. Chrysanthemum flower shape modification by suppression of chrysanthemum-AGAMOUS gene. Plant Biotech,2008,25:55-59
Ait-Ali T, Frances S, Weller J L, et al. Regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase and gibberellin 3b-hydroxylase transcript accumulation during de-etiolation of pea seedlings. Plant Physiol,1999, 121:783-791
Ait-Ali T, Swain S M, Reid J B, et al. The LS locus of pea encodes the gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme ent-kaurene synthase A. Plant J,1991,11:443-454
Alabadi D, Gil J, Blazquez M, Garcia-Martinez J. Gibberellins repress photomorphogenesis in darkness. Plant Physiol,2004,134:1050-1057
Allona I, Quinn M, Shoop E, et al. Analysis of xylem formation in pine by cDNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1998,95(16):9693-9698
Altschul S F, Gish W, Miller W, et al. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol,1990,215(3): 403-410
Altschul S F, Madden T L, Schaffer A A, et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST:a new generation of protein database search programs. Nuceicl Acid Res,1997,25(17):3389-3402
Amemiya C T, Amores A, Ota T. Generation of a P1 artificial chromosome library of the Southern pufferfish. Gene,2001,272:283-289
Annadana S, Beekwilder M J, Kuipers G, et al. Cloning of the chrysanthemum UEP1 promoter and comparative expression in florets and leaves of Dendranthema grandiflora. Transgenic Res,2002, 11:437-445
Asamizu E, Nakamura Y, Sato S, Tabata S. A large scale analysis of cDNA in Arabidopsis thaliana: Generation of 12,028 non-redundant expressed sequence tags fromnormalized and size-selected cDNA libraries. DNA Res,2000,7(3):175-180
Asano T, Masumura, Kusano H, et al.Construction of a spectialized cDNA library from plant cells isolated by laser capture microdissection:toward comprehensive analysis of the genes expressed in the rice phloem. Plant J,2002,32(3):401-408
Asch H, Bode H, Robinson D G, Graebe J E. Ent-kaurene synthesis is located in proplastids of meristmatic shoot tissues. Planta,1997,202:211-219
Asch, H, Bose G, Graebe, J E. Ent-Kaurene biosynthesis in a cell-free system from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings and the localization of ent-kaurene synthetase in plastids of three species. Planta,1995,197:333-342
Athanasios S T, Konstantinos P, Ioannis I, Alexios N P. Isolation of three homologous AP1-like MADS-box genes in crocus(Crocus sativus L.) and characterization of their expression. Plant Sci,2004, 166:1235-1243
Aziz N, Paiva N L, May G D, Dixon R A. Transcriptome analysis of alfalfa glandular trichomes. Planta, 2005,221:28-38.
Benson D A, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman D J, et al, GenBank:update. Nucleic Acids Res,2003, 31(1):23-27
Benson D A, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman D J, et al. GenBank:update. Nucleic Acids Res,2009, 37(1):26-31
Bevan M, Bancroft I, Bent E, et al. Analysis of 1.9Mb of contiguous sequence from chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature,1998,391:485-488
Bey M, Stueber K, Fellenberg K, et al. Characterization of antirrhinum petal development and identification of target genes of the class B MADS box gene DEFICIENS. Plant Cell,2004, 16(12):3197-3215
Biemelt S, Tschiersch H, Sonnewald U. Impact of altered gibberellin metabolism on biomass accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, and photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Physiol, 2004,135:254-265
Blein J P, Coutos-Thevenot P, Marion D, Ponchet M. From elicitins to lipid-transfer proteins:A new insight in cell signalling involved in plant defence mechanisms. Trends in Plant Sci,2002, 7:293-296
Bonoldo M F, Lennon G, Soares M B. Normalization and Subtraction:Two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. Genomo Pes,1996,6:791-806
Bouquin T, Meier C, Foster R, et al. Control of specific gene expression by gibberellin and
brassinosteroid. Plant Physiol,2001,127:450-458
Brandle J E, Richman A, Swanson A K, et al. Leaf ESTs from Stevia rebaudiana:a resource for gene discovery in diterpene synthesis. Plant Mol Biol,2002,50(4-5):613-622
Britsch L, Ruhnau-Brich B, Forkmann G. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and in vitro expression offlavanone 3β-hydroxylase from Petunia hybrida. JBiol Chem,1992,267:5380-5387
Broholm S K, Tahtiharju S, Laitinen R A E,.et al. A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105(26):9117-9122
Buetow K H, Edmonson M N, Cassidy A B. Reliable identification of large numbers of candidate SNPs from public ESTdata. Nat Genet,1999,21(3):323-325
Burr B. Mapping and sequencing the rice genome. Plant Cell,2002,14(3):521-523
Cardon G, Hohmann S, Klein J, et al. Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis SBP-box genes. Gene,1999,237:91-104
Carla M W, John J R. Auxin promotes gibberellin biosynthesis in decapitated tobacco plants. Planta, 2001,214:153-157
Carlson J E, Leebens-Mack J H, Wall P K, et al. EST database for early flower development in California poppy(Eschscholzia californica Cham.. Papaveraceae) tags over 6000 genes from a basal eudicot. Plant Mol Biol,2006,62:351-369
Carrera E, Bou J, Garcia-Martinez J L, Prat S. Changes in GA 20-oxidase gene expression strongly affect stem length, tuber induction and tuber yield of potato plants. Plant J,2000,22(3):247-256
Carrera E, Jackson S D, Prat S. Feedback control and diurnal regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase transcript levels in potato. Plant Physiol,1999,119:765-773
Carulli J P, Artinger M, Swain F M, et al. High throughput analysis of differential gene expression. Cell Biochem Suppl,1998,30-31:286-296
Channeliere S, Riviere S, Scalliet G, et al. Analysis of gene expression in rose petals using expressed sequence tags. FEBSLett,2002,515:35-38
Cheng H, Qin L, Lee S, et al. Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis floral development via suppression of DELLA protein function. Development,2004,131:1055-1064
Chen L, Zhao L P, Gao Q K. Generation and analysis of expressed tags from the tender shoots cDNA library of tea plant(Camellia sinensis). Plant Sci,2005,168:359-363
Chiang H H, Hwang I, Goodman H M. Isolation of the Arabidopsis GA4 locus. Plant Cell,1995,7: 195-201
Cho S K, Ok S H, Jeung J U, et al. Comparative analysis of 5,211 leaf ESTs of wild rice (Oryza minuta). Plant Cell Rep,2004,22:839-847
Clua A, Bottini R, Brocchi G N, et al. Growth habit of Lotus tenuis shoots and the influence of photosynthetic photon flux density, sucrose and endogenous levels of gibberellins A1 and A3. Plant Physiol,1996,98:381-388
Cockshull K E. Chrysanthemum morifolium. In:Halevy A. (Eds.). CRC Handbook of Flowering 2.1985, 236-257
Coleclough C, Erlitz F L. Use of primer-restriction-end adapters in a novel cDNA cloning strategy. Gene, 1985,34:305-314
Coles J P, Phillips A L, Croker S J, et al. Modification of gibberellin production and plant development in Arabidopsis by sense and antisense expression of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes. Plant J,1999, 17:547-556
Corley S B, Carpenter R, Copsey L, Coen E. Floral asymmetry involves an interplay between TCP and MYB transcription factors in Antirrhinum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2005,102(14):5068-5073
Costanzo F, Castagnoli L, Dente L, et al. Cloning of several cDNA segments coding for human liver proteins. The EMBO journal,1983,2(1):57-61
Courtney-Gutterson N, Otten A, Firoozabady E, et al. Production of genetically engineered color-modified chrysanthemum plants carrying a homologous chalcone synthase gene and their field performance. Acta Hortic,1993,336:57-62
Cowling R J, Kamiya Y, Seto H, Harberd N P. Gibberellin dose-response regulation of GA4 gene transcript levels in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,1998,117:1195-1203
Curtis I S, Ward D A, Thomas S G, et al. Induction of dwarfism in transgenic Solanum dulcamara by over-expression of a gibberellin 20-oxidase cDNA from pumpkin. Plant J,2000,23:329-338
Davidson S E, Elliott R C, Helliwell C A, et al. The pea gene NA encodes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase. Plant Physiol,2003,131:335-344
Davidson S E, Smith J J, Helliwell C A, et al. The pea gene LH encodes ent-kaurene oxidase. Plant Physiol,2004,134:1123-1134
de Carvalho Niebel F, Frendo P, van Montagu M, et al. Post-transcriptional cosuppression of β-1,3-glucanase transgene expression in homozygous plants. EMBO J,1992,11:2595-2602
Delseny M. Towards an accurate sequence of the rice genome. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2003,6:101-105
Delseny M, Cooke R, Raynal M, et al. The Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA sequencing projects. FEBS Lett, 1997,403(3):221-224
Diataheko L, Lau Y F C, Campbell A P, et al. Suppression subtractive hybridization:A method forgenerating differentially regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes and libraries. Pro Natl Acad
Sci USA,1996,93:6025-6030
Dubois V, Botton E, Meyer C, et al. Systematic silencing of a tobacco nitrate reductase transgene in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J Exp Bot,2005,56(419):2379-2388
Eckardt N A. Sequencing the rice genome. Plant Cell,2000,12(11):2011-2017
Eriksson M E, Israelsson M, Olsson O, Moritz T. Increased gibberellin biosynthesis in transgenic trees promotes growth, biomass production and xylem fiber length. Nat Biotechnol,2000,18:784-788
Eriksson M E, Moritz T. Daylength and spatial expression of a gibberellin 20-oxidase isolated from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L.×P. tremuloides Michx.). Planta,2002,214:920-930
Ewing R M, Hillier L, Wendl M C, et al. Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred accuracy assessment. Genome Res,1998,8(3):175-185
Ewing R M, Kahla A B, Poirot O, et al. Large-scale statistical analysis of rice ESTs reveal correlated patterns of gene expression. Genome Res,1999,9:950-959
Feng Q, Zhang Y, Hao P, et al. Sequence and analysis of rice chromosome 4. Nature.2002,420(6913): 316-320
Filippo G C, Vania M, Marco F, et al. Molecular cloning and organ-specific expression of two gibberellin 20-oxidase genes of Helianthus annuus. Plant Mol Biol Rep, DOI 10.1007/s11105-008-0066-z (on line)
Foster K R, Morgan P W. Genetic regulation of development in Sorghum bicolor.IX.The maR3 allele disrupts diurnal control of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1995,108:337-343
Fourgoux-Nicol A, Drouaud J, Haouazine N, et al. Isolation of rapeseed genes expressed early and specifically during development of the male gametophyte. Plant Mol Biol,1999,40:857-872
Frisse A, Pimenta M J, Lange T. Expression studies of gibberellin oxidases in developing pumpkin seeds. Plant Physiol,2003,131:1220-1227
Fu X, Harberd N P. Auxin promotes Arabidopsis root growth by modulating gibberellin response. Nature, 2003,421:740-743
Fukai S. Cryopreservation of germplasm of chrysanthemums. In:Bajaj Y P S. (Eds.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol.32. Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I.1995,447-457
Garcia-Martinez J L, Gil J. Light regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and mode of action. J Plant Growth Regul,2002,20:354-368
Garcia-Martinez J L, Lopez-Diaz I, Sanchez-Beltran M J, et al. Isolation and transcript analysis of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes in pea and bean in relation to fruit development. Plant Mol Biol,1997, 33:1073-1084
Gawronska H, Yang Y-Y, Furukawa K, et al. Effects of low irradiance stress on gibberellin levels in pea seedlings. Plant CellPhysiol,1995,36:1361-1367
Gemund C, Ramu C, Altenberg-Greulich B, et al. Gene2EST:a BLAST2 server for searching expressed sequence tag (EST) databases with eukaryotic gene-sized queries. Nucl Acid Res,2001, 29(6):1272-1277
Green P, Lipman D, Hillier L, et al. Ancient conserved regions in new gene sequences and the protein databases. Science,1993,259(5102):1171-1176
Grivet L, Glaszmann J C, Vincentz M, et al. ESTs as a source for sequence polymorphism discovery in sugarcane:example of the Adh genes. Theor Appl Genet,2002,106(2):190-197
GroBelindemann E, Lewis M J, Hedden P, Graebe J E. Gibberellin biosynthesis from gibberellin A12-aldehyde in a cell-free system from germinating barley(Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Himalaya) embryo. Planta,1992,188:252-257
Groot S P C, Karssen C M. Gibberellins regulate seed germination in tomato by endosperm weakening: a study with gibberellin-deficient mutants. Planta,1987,171:525-531
Gubler U, Hoffman B J. A simple and very efficent method for generating cDNA library. Gene,1983, 25:263-269
Han J H, Stratowa C, Rutter W J. Isolation of full-length putative rat lysophospholipase cDNA using improved methods for mRNA isolation and cDNA cloning. Biochemistry,1987,26:1617-1625
Hansen E, Olsen J E, Junttila O. Gibberellins and subapical cell divisions in relation to bud set and bud break in Salix pentandra. J Plant Growth Regul,1999,18:167-170
Hanson R E, Zwick M S, Choi S, et al. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of a bacterial artificial chromosomes. Genome,1995,38(4):646-651
Harushima Y, Yano M, Shomura A, et al. A high-density rice genetic linkage map with 2,275 markers using a single F2 population. Genetics,1998,148:1-16
Hauser B A, He J Q, Park S O, Gasser C S. TSO1 is a novel protein that modulates cytokinesis and cell expansion in Arabidopsis. Development,2000,127:2219-2226
Hatey F, Tosser-Klopp G, Clouseard-Martinato C, et al. Expressed sequence tags for genes:a review. Genet Sel Evol,1998,30:521-541
Hay A, Barkoulas M, Tsiantis M. Pinning down the connections:transcription factors and hormones in leaf morphogenesis. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2004,7:575-581
Hazebroek J P, Metzger J D, Mansager E R. Thermoinductive regulation of gibberellin in metabolism in Thlaspi arvensi.L Ⅱ:Cold induction of enzyme in gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1993,102: 547-552
Hazebroek J P, Metzger J D. Thermoinductive regulation of gibberellin metabolism in Thlaspi arvensi.L
I:metabolism of [2H] kaurenoic acid and [34C] gibberellin A12-aldehyde. Plant Physiol,1990, 94:157-165
Heddad M, Noren H, Reiser V, et al. Differential expression and localization of early light-induced proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2006,142(1):75-87
Hedden P.2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in plants:mechanism and function. Biochem Soc Trans,1992,20:373-377
Hedden P. The oxidases of gibberellin biosynthesis:Their function and mechanism. Physiol Plantarum, 1997,101:709-719
Hedden P, Kamiya Y. Gibberellin biosynthesis:enzymes, genes and their regulation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1997,48:431-460
Hedden P, Phillips A L. Gibberellin metabolism:new insights revealed by the genes. Trends Plant Sci, 2000a,5:523-530
Hedden P, Phillips A L. Manipulation of hormone biosynthetic genes in transgenic plants. Curr Opin Biotechnol,2000b,11:130-137
Hedden P, Proebsting W M. Genetic analysis of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1999,119: 365-370
Helliwell C A, Chandler P M, Poole A, Olive M R, Dennis, E S, Peacock W J. The CYP88A cytochrome P450, ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase, catalyzes three steps of the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98:2065-2070
Helliwell C A, Poole A, Peacock W J, Dennis E S. Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase catalyzes three steps of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1999,119:507-510
Helliwell C A, Sheldon C C, Olive M R, et al. Cloning of the Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase gene GA3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1998,95:9019-9024
Hertzberg M, Sievertzon M, Aspeborg H, et al. cDNA microarray analysis of small plant tissue samples using a cDNA tag target amplification protocol. Plant J,2001,25(5):585-591
Hisamatsu T, King R W, Helliwell C A, Koshioka M. The Involvement of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes in phytochrome-regulated petiole elongation of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2005,138:1106-1116
Ho T Y, Hsiang C Y, Wu K, el al. Rapid screening of the pseudorabies virus-specific cDNAs from a cDNA library. J Virol Methods,1996,58:187-192
Huang S S, Raman A S, Ream J E, et al. Overexpression of 20-oxidase confers a gibberellin-overproduction phenotype in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,1998,118:773-781
Hu W, Wang Y, Christian B, Ma H. Isolation, sequence analysis, and expression studies of florally expressed cDNAs in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol,2003,53:545-563
Huang S S, Raman A S, Ream J E, et al. Overexpression of GA 20-oxidase confers a gibberellin-overproduction phenotype in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,1998,118:773-781
Ioannou P A, Amemiya C T, Games J, et al. A new bacteriophage P1-derived vector for the propagation of large human DNA fragments. Nature Genetics,1994,6:84-89
Itoh H, Matsuoka M, Steber C M. A role for the ubiquitin-26S-protease pathway in gibberellin signaling. Trends Plant Sci,2003,8:492-497
Itoh H, Tanaka-Ueguchi M T, Kawaide H. The gene encoding tobacco gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase is expressed at the site of GA action during stem elongation and flower organ development. Plant J, 1997,20:15-24
Itoh H, Tanaka-Ueguchi M T, Sentoku N, et al. Cloning and functional analysis of two gibberellin 3 beta-hydroxylase genes that are differently expressed during the growth of rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98:8909-8914
Jacobsen S E, Olszewshi N E. Mutations at the SPINDLY locus of Arabidopsis alter gibberellin signal transduction. Plant cell,1993,5:887-896
Jako C, Coutu C, Roewer I, et al. Probing carotenoid biosynthesis in developing seed coats of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) through expressed sequence tag analysis. Plant Sci,2002,163(1):141-145
Jaime A, Teixeira D S. Ornamental chrysanthemums:improvement by biotechnology. Plant Cell Tiss Org,2004,79:1-18
Jang S H, An K S, Lee S Y, et al. Characterization of tobacco MADS-box genes involved in floral initiation. Plant and Cell Physiol,2002,43(2):230-238
Jones D T, Swindelis M B. Getting the most from PSI-BLAST. Trends Biochem Sci,2002,27(3): 161-164
Kader J C. Lipid-transfer proteins:a puzzling family of plant proteins. Trends in plant science,1997, 2(2):66-70
Kamiya Y, Garcia-Martinez J L. Regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis by light. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 1999,2:398-403
Kang H G, Jun S H, Kim J, et al. Cloning and molecular analyses of a gibberellin 20-oxidase gene expressed specifically in developing seeds of watermelon. Plant Physiol,1999,121:373-382
Katsuyoshi S, Takeshi I, Kazuma N, Kiyoshi M, Hiroaki K, Hitoshi W, et al. Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Petunia flowers. Plant Sci,2007,173:495-500
Kieffer M, Davies B. Developmental programmes in floral organ formation. Semin. Cell Dev Biol,2001, 12(5):373-380
Kim J H, Kende H. A transcriptional coactivator, AtGIFl, is involved in regulating leaf growth and
morphology in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101(36):13374-13379
King R W, Moritz T, Evans L T, et al. Regulation of flowering in the long-day grass Lolium temulentum by gibberellins and the FLOWERING LOCUS T gene. Plant Physiol,2006,141:498-507
Kishimoto S, Ohmiya A. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in petals and leaves of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Physiol Plantarum,2006,128:436-447
Kobayashi M, Spray C R, Phinney B O, Gaskin P, MacMillan J. Gibberellin metabolism in maize-the stepwise conversion of gibberellin A 12-aldehyde to gibberellin A20. Plant Physiol,1996,110: 413-418
Kotilainen M, Helariutta Y, Mehto M, et al. GEG participates in the regulation of cell and organ shape during corolla and carpel development in Gerbera hybrida. Plant Cell,1999,11:1093-1104
Komeda Y. Genetic regulation of time to flower in Arabidopsis thaliana. Annu Rev Plant Biol,2004, 55(1):521-535
Kostov R V, Small C L, McFadden B A. Mutations in a sequence near the N-terminus of the small subunit alter the CO2/O2 specificity factor for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Photosynth Res,1997,54:127-134
Kotilainen M, Helariutta Y, Mehto M, Pollanen E, Albert VA, Elomaa P, et al. GEG participates in the regulation of cell and organ shape during corolla and carpel development in Gerbera hybrida. Plant Cell,1999,11:1093-1104
Kotilainen M, Elomaa P, Uimari A, Albert V A, Yu D, Teeri T H. GRCD1, an AGL2-like MADS box gene, participates in the C function during stamen development in Gerbera hybrida. Plant Cell, 2000,12:1893-1902
Kusaba S, Honda C, Kano-Murakami Y. Isolation and expression analysis of gibberellin 20-oxidase homologous gene in apple. JExp Bot.2001,52:375-376
Lai Z, Livingstone K, Zou Y, et al. Identification and mapping of SNPs from ESTs in sunflower, Theor Appl Genet,2005,111:1532-1544
Laitinen R A E, Immanen J, Auvinen P, et al. Analysis of the floral transcriptome uncovers new regulators of organ determination and gene families related to flower organ differentiation in Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae). Genome Res,2005,15:475-486
Lange T. Cloning gibberellin dioxygenase genes from pumpkin endosperm by heterologous expression of enzyme activities in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94:6553-6558
Lange T, Hedden P, Graebe J E. Expression cloning of a gibberellin 20-oxidase, a multifunctional enzyme involved in gibberellin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1994,91:8552-8556
Lange T, Kappler J, Fischer A, Frisse A, Padeffke T, Schmidtke S, Lange M J P. Gibberellin biosynthesis in developing pumpkin seedlings. Plant Physiol,2005,139:213-223
Lange T, Kegler C, Hedden P, Phillips A L, Graebe J E. Molecular characterization of gibberellin 20-oxidase:structure-untion studies on recombinant enzymes and chimaeric proteins. Plant Physiol, 1997a,100:543-549
Lange T, Robatzek S, Frisse A. Cloning and expression of a gibberellin 2β,3β-hydroxylase cDNA from pumpkin endosperm. Plant Cell,1997b,9:1459-1467
Lannenpaa M, Janonen I, Holtta-Vuori M, Gardemeister M, Porali I, Sopanen T. A new SBP-box gene BpSPLl in silver birch (Betula pendula). Plant Physiol,2004,120:491-500
Lee D J, Zeevaart J A D. Differential regulation of RNA levels of gibberellin dioxygenases by photoperiod in spinach. Plant Physiol,2002,130:2085-2094
Lee D J, Zeevaart J A D. Regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidasel expression in spinach by photoperiod. Planta,2007,226:35-44
Lee I J, Foster K R, Morgan P W. Photoperiod control of gibberellin levels and flowering in sorghum. Plant Physiol,1998,116:1003-1011
Lester D R, Ross J J, Davies P J, Reid J B. Mendel's stem length gene (Le) encodes a gibberellin 3b-hydroxylase. Plant Cell,1997,9:1435-1443
Lester D R, Ross J J, Smith J J, Elliott R C, Reid J B. Gibberellin 2-oxidation and the SLN gene of Pisum sativum. Plant J,1999,19:65-73
Liang F, Holt I, Pertea G, et al. A optimized protocol for analysis of EST sequences. Nucl Acid Res,2000, 28(18):3657-3665
Liang P, Pardee A B. Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science,1992,257:967-971
Li J, Wen K, Lease J, Tax F D, Walker J. BAK1, an Arabidopsis LRR receptor-like protein kinase, interacts with BRI1 and modulates brassinosteroid signaling. Cell,2002,110(2):213-222
Lisa M P, Nicholas P H, Isabelle A C, Brian T, Stephen D J. Expression of the Arabidopsis gai gene under its own promoter causes a reduction in plant height in chrysanthemum by attenuation of the gibberellin response. Plant Sci,2003,164:175-182
Liu L, Zhu K, Yang Y, et al. Molecular cloning, expression profiling and trans-activation property studies of a DREB2-like gene from chrysanthemum(Dendranthema vestitum). J Plant Res,2008, 121:215-226
Lohmann J U, Weigel D. Building beauty:the genetic control of floral patterning. Dev. Cell,2002, 2:135-142
Lopez C, Jorge V, Pie'gu B, et al. A unigene catalogue of 5700 expressed genes in cassava. Plant Mol Biol,2004,56:541-554
Lovegrove A, Hooley R. Gibberellin and abscisic acid signaling in aleurone. Trends Plant Sci,2000, 5:102-110
Lundin M, Mikkelsen B, Moran P, Martinez J L, Syed M. Cosmid clones from Atlantic salmon:Physical genome mapping. Aquaculture,1999,173:59-64
Luo D, Carpenter R, Vincent C, Copsey L, Coen E. Origin of floral asymmetry in Antirrhinum. Nature, 1996,383:794-799
MacMillan J. Occurrence of gibberellin in vascular plants, fungi and bacteria. J Plant Growth Regul, 2002,20:387-442
MacMillan J., Ward D A, Phillips A L, et al. Gibberellin biosynthesis from gibberellin A12-aldehyde in., endosperm and embryos of Marah macrocarpus. Plant Physiol,1997,113:1369-1377
Martin D N, Proebsting W M, Hedden P. Mendel's dwarfing gene:cDNAs from the Le alleles and function of the expressed proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1991,94:8907-8911
Martin D N, Proebsting W M, Hedden P. The SLENDER gene of pea encodes a gibberellin 2-oxidase. Plant Physiol,1999,121:775-781
Martin D N, Proebsting W M, Parks T D, et al. Feed-back regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and gene expression in Pisum sativum L. Planta,1996,200:159-166
Ma Y P, Fang X H, Chen F, Dai S L. DFL, a FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologue gene from Dendranthema lavandulifolium is expressed both in the vegetative and reproductive tissues. Plant Cell Rep,2008,27:647-654
Meinke D W, Cherry J M, Dean C D, et al. Arabidopsis thaliana:a model plant for genome analysis, Science,1998,282(5389):662-682
Moriyasu Y, Hattori M, Jauh G Y, Rogers J C. Alpha tonoplast intrinsic protein is specifically associated with vacuole membrane involved in an autophagic process. Plant Cell Physiol,2003,44(8):795-802
Mutasa-Gottgens E, Hedden P. Gibberellin as a factor in floral regulatory networks. JExp Bot,2009, doi:10.1093/jxb/erp040
Myster J, Ernstsen A, Junttila O, Moe R. Thermo-and photoperiodicity and involvement of gibberellins during day and night cycle on elongation growth of Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch. J Plant Growth Regul,1997,16:189-196
Nag A, Yang Y Z, Jack T. DORNROSCHEN-LIKE, an AP2 gene, is necessary for stamen emergence in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol,2007,65(3):219-232
Nakatsuka T, Mishibaa K, Abe Y, et al. Flower color modification of gentian plants by RNAi-mediated gene silencing. Plant Biotech,2008,25:61-68
Nakayama A, Nakajima M, Yamaguchi I. Distribution of gibberellins and expressional analysis of GA 20-oxidase genes of morning glory during fruit maturation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,2005, 69:334-342
Napoli C, Lemieux C, Jorgensen R. Introduction of a chimeric chalcone synthase gene into Petunia results in reversible cosuppression of homologous genes in trans. Plant Cell,1990, 2:279-289
Narumi T, Kannob Y, Suzuki M, et al. Cloning of a cDNA encoding an ethylene receptor (DG-ERS1) from chrysanthemum and comparison of its mRNA level in ethylene-sensitive and-insensitive cultivars. Postharvest Biol Tec,2005,36:21-30
Niki T, Nishijima T, Nakayama M, et al. Production of dwarf lettuce by overexpressing a Pumpkin Gibberelling 20-oxidase gene. Plant Physiol,2001,126:965-972
Nilsson O, Lee H, Blazquez M A, Weigel D. Flowering time genes modulate the response to LEAFY activity. Genetics,1998,150(1):403-410
Ohlrogge J, Benning C. Unravelling plant metabolism by EST analysis. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2000,3: 224-228
Ohmiya A, Kishimoto S, Aida R, Yoshioka S, Sumitomo K. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CmCCD4a) contributes to white color formation in chrysanthemum petals. Plant Physiol,2006, 142:1193-1201
Okubo K, Hori N, Matoba R, et al. Large scale cDNA sequencing for analysis of quantitative and qualitative aspects of gene expression. Nature Genetics,1992,2:173-179
Olszewski N, Sun T P, Gubler F. Gibberellin signaling:biosynthesis, catabolism, and response pathways. Plant Cell,2002,14:61-80
O'Neill D P, Ross J J. Auxin regulation of the gibberellin pathway in pea. Plant Physiol,2002,130:1-9
Otsuga D, DeGuzman B, Prigge M J, Drews G N, Clark S E. REVOLUTA regulates meristem initiation at lateral positions, Plant J,2001,25:223-236
Outchkourov N S, Peters J, de Jong J, Rademakers W, Jongsma M A. The promoter-terminator of chrysanthemum rbcSl directs very high expression levels in plants. Planta,2003,216:1003-1012
Ozga J A, Ju J, Reinecke D M. Pollination-, development-, and auxin-specific regulation of gibberellin 3 beta-hydroxylase gene expression in pea fruit and seeds. Plant Physiol,2003,131:1137-1146
Pang Y, Shen G, Wu W, et al. Characterization and expression of chalcone synthase gene from Ginkgo biloba. Plant Sci,2005,168(6):1525-1531
Park S, Oh S, Han K. Large-scale computational analysis of poplar ESTs reveals the repertoire and unique features of expressed genes in the poplar genome. Molecular Breeding,2004,14:429-440
Peng J, Harberd N P. The role of GA-mediated signaling in the control of seed germination. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2002,5:376-381
Picoult-Newberg L, Ideker T E, Pohl M G, et al. Mining SNPs from EST database. Genome Res,1999, 9(2):167-174
Phillips A L,. Ward D A, Uknes S, et al. Isolation and expression of three gibberellin 20-oxidase cDNA clones from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,1995,108:1049-1057
Potter T I, Rood S B, Zanewich K P. Light intensity,gibberellin content and the resolution of shoot growth in Brassica. Planta,1999,207:505-511
Prescott A G. A dilemma of dioxygenases (or Where biochemistry and molecular biology fail to meet). J Exp Bot,1993,44:849-861
Qin L, Prins P, Jones J T, et al. GenEST, a powerful bidirectional link between cDNA sequence data and gene expression profiles generated by cDNA-AFLP. Nucl Acid Res,2001,29(7):1616-1622
Quackenbush J, Liang F, Holt I, et al. The TIGR gene indices:reconstruction and representation of expressed gene sequences. Nucl Acid Res,2000,28(1):141-145
Quackenbush J, Cho J, Lee D, et al. The TIGR gene indices:analysis of gene transcript sequences in highly sampled eukaryotic species. Nucl Acid Res,2001,29(1):159-164
Que Qiudeng, Wang Huai-Yu, English J J,et al. The frequency and degree of cosuppression by sense Chalcone Synthase transgenes are dependent on transgene promoter strength and are reduced by premature nonsense codons in the transgene coding sequence. Plant Cell,1997, 9:1357-1368
Radi A, Lange T, Niki T, et al. Ectopic expression of Pumpkin gibberellin oxidases alters gibberellin biosynthesis and development of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Plant Physiol. 2006,140:528-536
Rebers M, Kaneta T, Kawaide H S, et al. Regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis genes during flower and early fruit developing of tomato. Plant J,1999,17:241-250
Reid J B, Botwright N A, Smith J J, O'Neill D P, Kerckhoffs L H J. Control of gibberellin levels and gene expression during de-etiolation in pea. Plant Physiol,2002,128:734-741
Richards D E, King K E, Ait-ali T, Harberd N P. How gibberellin regulates plant growth and development:a molecular genetic analysis of gibberellin signaling. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,2001,52:67-88
Richman A S, Gijzen M, Starratt A N, Yang Z, Brandle J E. Diterpene synthesis Stevia rebaudiana: recruitment and up-regulation of key enzymes from the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway. Plant J, 1999,19:411-421
Riechmann J L, Heard J, Martin G, Reuber L, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors:genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. Science,2000,290:2105-2110
Rieu I, Ruiz-Rivero O, Fernandez-Garcia N. The gibberellin biosynthetic genes AtGA20oxl and AtGA20ox2 act, partially redundantly, to promote growthand development throughout the Arabidopsis life cycle. Plant J,2008,53:488-504
Roach P L, Clifton I J, Fulop V, et al. Crystal structure of isopenicillin N synthase is the first from a new structural family of enzymes. Nature,1995,375:700-704
Ross J J, O'Neill D P, Smith J J, et al. Evidence that auxin promotes gibberellin A1 biosynthesis in pea. Plant J,2000,21:547-552
Ross J J, O'Neill D P, Wolbang C M, Symons G M, Reid J B. Auxin-gibberellin interactions and their role in plant growth. J Plant Growth Regul,2002,20:346-353
Rounsley S, Linx, Ketchumka. Large-scale sequencing of plant genome. Curr Opin plant Biol,1998, 1(2):136-141
Saji S, Umehara Y, Antonio B A, et al. A physical map with yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones covering 63%of the 12 rice chromosomes. Genome,2001,44:32-37
Sakamoto T, Miura K, Itoh H, et al. An overview of gibberellin metabolism enzyme genes and their related mutants in rice. Plant Physiol,2004,134:1642-1653
Salanoubat M, Lemcke K, Rieger M, et al. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature,2000,408(6814):820-822
Sargent T D, Dawid IB. Differential genen expression in the Gastrula of Xenopus laevis. Science,1983, 222:135-139
Sasaki T, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto K, et al. The genome sequence and structure of rice chromosome 1. Nature,2002,420(6913):312-316
Scbraml P, Sbipman R, Stulz P, et al. cDNA substraction library construction using amagnet-assisted substraction technique (MAST). TIG,1993,9:70-71
Schomburg F M, Bizzell C M, Lee D J, Zeevaart J A D, Amasino R M. Overexpression of a novel class of gibberellin 2-oxidases decreases gibberellin levels and creates dwarf plants. Plant Cell,2003,15: 151-163
Schuler G D. Pieces of the sequence tags and the catalog of human genes. J Mol Med,1997a,75: 694-698
Schuler G D. ESTprep:Preprocessing cDNA sequence reads. Bioinformatics,1997b,19:1318-1324
Schuler G D, Boguski M S, Steuart E A, et al. A gene map of the human genome. Science,1996, 274:540-546
Scott K D, Eggler P, Seaton G, et al. Analysis of SSRs derived from grape ESTs. Theor Appl Genet,2000, 100(5):723-726
Sessions A, Yanofsky M F, Weigel D. Patterning the floral meristem. Semin. Cell Dev Biol,1998, 9:221-226
Shao H, Li B, Wang B, et al. A study on differentially expressed gene screening of Chrysanthemum plants under sound stress. Comptes rendus biologies,2008,331(5):329-333
Shchennikova A V, Shulga O A, Angenent G C, Skryabin K G. Genetic regulation of inflorescence development in Chrysanthemum. Doklady Biol Sci,2003,391:368-370
Shchennikova A V, Shulga O A, Immink R, Skryabin K G, Angenent G C. Identification and characterization of four Chrysanthemum MADS-Box genes, belonging to the APETALA1/ FRUITFULL and SEPALLATA3 subfamilies. Plant Physiol,2004,134:1632-1641
Shimada Y, Shimada R N, Ohbayashi M, et al. Expression of chimeric P450 genes encoding favonoid-3', 5'-hydroxylase in transgenic tobacco and petunia plants. FEBS Lett,1999,461:241-245
Shimamura K, Ishimizu T, Nishimura K, et al. Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Petunia flowers. Plant Sci,2007,173:495-500
Short J M, Sorge J A. In vivo excision properties of bacteriophage lambda ZAP expression vectors. Methods Enzymol,1992,216:495-508
Siegfried K R, Eshed Y, Baum S F, Otsuga D, Drews G N, Bowman J L. Members of the YABBY gene family specify abaxial cell fate in Arabidopsis. Development,1999,126:4117-4128
Silverstone A L, Chang, C W, Krol E, Sun T P. Developmental regulation of the gibberellin biosynthetic gene GA in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J,1997,12:9-19
Silverstone A L, Ciampaglio C N, Sun T P. The Arabidopsis RGA gene encodes a transcriptional regulator repressing the gibberellin signal transduction pathway. Plant Cell,1998,10:155-169
Singh D P, Jermakow A M, Swain S M. Gibberellins are required for seed development and pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell,2002,14:3133-3147
Sive H L, John T S. A simple subtractive hybridization technique employing photoactivatable biotin and phenol extraction. Nucleic Acids Res,1988,16(22):10937
Smith G P. Filamentous fusion phage:novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface. Science,1985,228(4705):1315-1317
Smith M W, Yamaguchi S, Ait-Ali T, Kamiya Y The first step of gibberellin biosynthesis in pumpkin is catalyzed by at least two copalyl diphosphate syntheses encoded by differentially regulated genes. Plant Physiol,1998,118:1411-1419
Soltis E D, Soltis P S. Contributions of plant molecular systematics to studies of molecular evolution. Plant Mol Biol,2000,42:45-75
Spencer D F, Schnare M N, Coulthart M B, Gray M W. Sequence and organization of a 7.2 kb region of wheat mitochondrial DNA containing the large subunit (26S) rRNA gene. Plant Mol Biol,1992, 20:347-352
Spielmeyer W, Ellis M H, and Chandler P M. Semi-dwarf (sd-1) "green revolution" rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2002,99:9043-9048
Sponsel V M, Hedden P. Gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation. In Davies P J, Ed, Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action!. Dordrecht, the Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2004,63-94
Stam M, Mol J N M, Kooter J M. The silence of genes in transgenic plants. Annals of Bot,1997, 79:3-12
Sterky F, Bhalerao R R, Unneberg P, et al. A Populus EST resource for plant functional genomics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101:13951-13956
Strauss S H, Martin F M. Poplar genomics comes of age. New Phytologist,2004,164:1-4
Sumitomo K, Li T, Hisamatsu T. Gibberellin promotes flowering of chrysanthemum by upregulating CmFL, a chrysanthemum FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologous gene. Plant Science,2009,176: 643-649
Sung Z R, Chen L, Moon Y H, Lertpiriyapong K. Mechanisms of floral repression in Arabidopsis. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2003,6:29-35
Sun T P. Gibberellin signal transduction. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2000,3:374-380
Sun T P, Goodman H M, Ausubel F M. Cloning the Arabidopsis GA1 locus by genomic subtraction. Plant Cell,1992,4:119-128
Sun T P, Kamiya Y. The Arabiolopsis GA1 locus encodes the cyclase ent-kaurene synthetase A of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Cell,1994,6:1509-1518
Sung Z R, Chen L, Moon Y H, Lertpiriyapong K. Mechanisms of floral repression in Arabidopsis. Curr Opin Plant Biol,2003,6:29-35
Susana U T, Jose L, Garcia-Martinez J L, Isabel L D. Molecular, biochemical and physiological characterization of gibberellin biosynthesis and catabolism genes from Nerium oleander. J Plant Growth Regul.2006,25:52-68
Suzuki H, Nakayama T, Yamaguchi M, Nishino T. cDNA cloning and characterization of two Dendranthema×morifolium anthocyanin malonyltransferases with different functional activities.
Plant Sci,2004,166:89-96
Swain S M, Reid J B, Kamiya Y. Gibberellins are required for embryo growth and seed development in pea. Plant J,1997,12:1329-1338
Sterky F, Regan S, Karlsson J, et al.Gene discovery in the wood-forming tissues of poplar:analysis of 5,692 expressed sequence tags. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1998,95(22):13330-13335
Talon M, Koomneef M, Zeevaart J AD. Endogenous gibberellins in Arabidopsis thaliana and possible steps blocked in the biosynthetic pathway of the semidwarf ga4 and ga5 mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1990,87:7983-7987
Tamotsu H, King R W, Helliwell C A, Koshioka M. The involvement of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes in phytochrome-regulated petiole elongation of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2005,138:1106-1116
Tanimoto E. Gibberellin requirement for the normal growth of roots. In:Takahashi N, Phinney B O, MacMillan J. (Eds.), Gibberellins, Springer-Verlag, New York.1990,229-240
Thiel T, Michalek W, Varshney K, et al. Exploiting EST database for the development and characterization of gene-derived SSR-markers in barley. (Hordeum vulgare L.). TheorAppl Genet, 2003,106(3):411-412
Thomas R. Solid-phase cDNA libary construction, a versatile approach. Nucleic Acids Research,1998, 26(14):3451-3452
Thomas S G, Phillips A L, Hedden P. Molecular cloning and functional expression of gibberellin 2-oxidases, multifunctional enzymes involved in gibberellin deactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1999,96:4698-4703
Toyomasu T, Kawaide H, Mitsuhashi W, et al. Phytochrome regulates gibberellin biosynthesis during germination of photoblastic lettuce seeds. Plant Physiol,1998,118:1517-1523
Toyomasu T, Kawaide H, Sekimoto H, et al. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding gibberellin 20-oxidase from rice (Oryza sativa) seedings. Plant Physiol,1997,99:111-118
Tsai W C, Hsiao Y Y, Lee S H, et al. Expression analysis of the ESTs derived from the flower buds of Phalaenopsis equestris. Plant Sci,2006,170:426-432
Unte U S, Sorensen A M, Pesaresi P, et al. SPL8, an SBP-box gene that affects pollen sac development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell,2003,15:1009-1019
van der Krol A R, Mur L A, Beld M M, et al. Flavonnoid genes in Petunia:Addition of a limited number of gene copies may lead to a suppression of gene expression. Plant Cell,1990,2: 291-299
Van H R, Ozga J A, Reinecke D M. Seed and hormonal regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase expression in pea pericarp. Plant Physiol,1997,115:123-128
van Tunen A J, Mur LA, Recourt K, et al. Regulation and manipulation of flavonoid gene expression in anthers of Petunia:the molecular basis of the Po mutation. Plant Cell,1991,3:39-48
Vaucheret H, Beclin C, Elmayan T, et al. Transgene-induced gene silencing in plants. Plant J, 1998,16(6):651-659
Vaucheret H, Beclin C, Fagard M. Post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants. J Cell Sci.,2001, 114(17):3083-3091
Vidal A M, Gisbert C, Talo'n M, et al. The ectopic overexpression of a citrus gibberellin 20-oxidase enhances the non-13-hydroxylation pathway of gibberellin biosynthesis and induces extremely elongated phenotype in tobacco. Plant Physiol,2001,112:251-260
Vitek M P, Kreissman S G, Gross R H. The isolation of ecdysterone inducible genes by hybridization subtraction chromatography. Nucleic Acid Res,1981,9:1191-1202
Wang S M, Fears S C, Zhang L, et al. Screening poly (dAydT)+cDNAs for gene identification. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA,2000,97(8):4162-4167
Ward J L, Jackson G J, Beale M H, et al. Stereochemistry of the oxidation of gibberellin 20-alcohols, GA15 and GA44, to 20-aldehydes by gibberellin 20-oxidases. Chem Commun,1997,1:13-14
Weigel D. From floral induction to floral shape. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol,1998,1:55-59
Weigel D, Meyerowitz E M. The ABCs of floral homeotic genes. Cell,1994,78:203-209
Weissman S M. Molecular genetic techniques for mapping the human genome. Mol Biol Med,1987, 4(3):133-143
Wheeler D L, Church D M, Federhen S, et al. Database resources of the national center for biotechnology. Nucleic Acid Res,2003,31(1):28-33
White J A, Todd J, Newman T, et al. A new set of Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags from developing seeds. The metabolic pathway from carbohydrates to seed oil. Plant Physiol,2000,124(4): 1582-1594
Wileox A S, KhanA S, Hopkins J A, et al. Use of 3'untranslated sequences of human cDNAs for rapid chromosome assignment and conversion to STSs:implication for an expression map of the genome. Nucleic Acid Res,1991,19:1837-1843
Wolbang C M, Ross J J. Auxin promotes gibberellin biosynthesis in decapitated tobacco plants. Planta, 2002,214:153-157
Wu K, Li L,. Gage D A, Zeevaart J A D. Molecular cloning and photoperiod-regulated expression of gibberellin 20-oxidase from the long-day plant spinach. Plant Physiol,1996,110:547-554
Xiao J, Li H, Zhang J, et al. Dissection of GA 20-oxidase members affecting tomato morphology by RNAi-mediated silencing. Plant Growth Regul,2006,50:179-189
Xu J, Lange T, Altpeter R. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a multifunctional gibberellin 20-oxidase from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plant Sci,2002,163:147-155
Xu Y L, Li L, Gage D A, Zeevaart J A D. Feedback regulation of GA5 expression and metabolic engineering of gibberellin levels in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell,1999,11:927-935
Xu Y L, Li L, Wu K, et al. The GA5 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a multifunctional gibberellin 20-oxidase:molecular cloning and functional expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1995,92:6640-6644
Yamaguchi S, Kamiya Y. Gibberellin biosynthesis:its regulation by endogenous and environmental signals. Plant Cell Physiol,2000,41:251-257
Yamaguchi S, Saito T, Abe H, Yamane H, Murofushi N, Kamiya Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme ent-kaurene synthase B from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L). Plant J,1996,10:203-213
Yamaguchi S, Sun T P, Kawaide H, Kamiya Y. The locus of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes ent-kaurene synthase of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol,1998a,116:1271-1278
Yamaguchi S, Smith M W, Brown R G S, Kamiya Y, Sun T P. Phytochrome regulation and differential expression of gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase genes in germinating Arabidopsis seed. Plant Cell,1998b, 10:2115-2126
Yamaguchi Y, Ogawa M, Hanada A, Kamiya Y, Yamaguchi S. Activation of gibberellin biosynthesis and response pathway by low temperayure during imbibition of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Plant Cell, 2004,16:367-378
Yammanoto K, Sasaki T. Large-scale EST sequencing in rice. Plant Mol Biol,1997,35:135-144
Yang D H, Yun P Y, Park S Y, et al. Cloning, characterization and expression of a Lateral suppressor-like gene from chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitamura). Plant Physiol Bioch,2005, 43(12):1044-1051
Yang J, Huang J, Gu H, Zhong Y, Yang Z. Duplication and adaptive evolution of the chalcone synthase genes of Dendranthema (Asteraceae). Mol Biol Evol,2002,19(10):1752-1759
Yang W, Bai X, Kabelka E, et al. Discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Lycopersicon esculentum by computer aided analysis of expressed sequence tags. Mol Breeding,2004,14:21-34
Yang Y, Wu J, Zhu K, et al. Identification and characterization of two chrysanthemum (Dendronthema moriforlium) DREB genes, belonging to the AP2/EREBP family. Mol Biol Rep,2009,36:71-81
Yu D, Kotilainen M, Pollanen E, et al. Organ identity genes and modified patterns of flower development in Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae). Plant J,1999,17:51-62
Yu H, Ito T, Zhao Y, et al. Floral homeotic genes are targets of gibberellin signaling in flower development. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101(20):7827-7832
Weigel D. From floral induction to floral shape. Curr Opin Plant Biol,1998,1:55-59
Zanewich K P, Rood S B. Vemalization and gibberellin physiology of winter canola. Endogenous gibberellin (GAi) content and metabolism of [3H] GA20. Plant Physiol,1995,108:615-621
Zhang D, Wanamaker D W C, Fenton R D, et al. Construction and evaluation of cDNA libraries for Large-scale expressed sequence tag sequencing in Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) Genetics,2004, 168:595-608
Zhang X D, Callahan F E, Jenkins J N, et al. A novel root-specific gene, MIC-3, with increased expression in nematode-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) after root-knot nematode infection. Biochimica Biophysica Acta,Gene Structure and Expression,2002,1576(1-2):214-218
Zhao D, Yu Q, Chen C, Ma H. Genetic control of reproductive meristems. In:McManus M T and Veit B (Eds.). Annual Plant Review:Meristematic Tissues in Plant Growth and Development. Sheffield Academic Press. Sheffield. UK.2001,89-142
Zhou Y, Tang J B, Walker M G, et al. Gene identification and expression analysis of 86136 expressed sequence tags (EST) from the rice genome. Geno.,Prot.&Bioinfo,2003,1:26-42
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |