自调式膜片弹簧离合器优化设计
|
摘要
自调式离合器(Self-Adjusting Clutch, SAC)是一种结构新颖的离合器,它在使用过程中能自行调节补偿由于摩擦片的磨损而引起的工作压紧力的变化,使其保持恒定不变,从而使离合器转矩容量保持稳定。另外由于自调式离合器采用了非线性传动片,可使最大分离力减小,从而使离合器操纵轻便。
论文依托于某实际工程项目,确定自调式膜片弹簧离合器的开发目标,以国内某车型的技术参数为例来进行结构设计。在设计过程中通过对传统膜片弹簧离合器以及国外自调式膜片弹簧离合器的深入研究基础上,选取合理的技术方案,采用传统方法设计自调式膜片弹簧离合器,并采用传统方法进行校核。
基于自调式膜片弹簧离合器的特点及其自调原理,创新的将优化设计方法引入了自调式膜片弹簧离合器的设计当中。广泛参考传统膜片弹簧离合器和各种典型碟簧的优化设计方法,分别就基本参数、膜片弹簧和力感应弹簧三部分进行了优化设计。通过计算校核和有限元分析,证明该优化设计得出的参数方案比传统设计得出的参数方案更加合理。
建立三维实体参数化模型,在建模过程中,离合器的造型设计应用了反求工程技术。对自调式膜片弹簧离合器模型进行三维装配和运动分析,检验机构的运动性能。通过对关键零件进行有限元分析,检验优化结果的力学性能是否满足工程需要。
As a new kind of clutch with novel structure, self-adjusting clutch (SAC) , which can be used to adjust itself to compensate for the change of pressed force caused by friction disk abrasion, keeps the clutch torque capacity stable so that retains work force with a successive running condition. Supported by non-linear link strip connection, SAC also reduces the maximum separation strength resulting in more convenient operation.
Based on an actual automobile engineering project, this paper is goaled to develop such a self-adjusting clutch on the basis of standard technical parameters of a domestic automobile. According to the best understanding of clutch working mechanism, comparisons between conventional diaphragm spring clutch and advanced self-adjusting clutch have been carried out to develop a better technology solution. As a result, we adopt the traditionary method used in self-adjusting clutch optimization and control experiment.
Because of the remarkable characteristics and self-adjusting principle of SAC, an innovative optimal design method has been used in this paper to improve the SAC function. After consulting a considerable number of method related to the conventional diaphragm spring clutch and various typical disc spring, we optimized the SAC so far as primary parameters, diaphragm spring and sensor DS be concerned. According to finite element analysis, calculation and modification, the results show that our optimized parameter setup works better than those traditionary ones without optimizing.
Furthermore, a three- dimensional solid model has been built. In order to execute assemblage and dynamical analysis of SAC model structure, we applied a so-called reverse engineering technology of clutch design in modeling process to test its dynamical function. We also used the finite element analysis method on those key components to make sure that the optimized dynamical system would suffice for working condition.
论文依托于某实际工程项目,确定自调式膜片弹簧离合器的开发目标,以国内某车型的技术参数为例来进行结构设计。在设计过程中通过对传统膜片弹簧离合器以及国外自调式膜片弹簧离合器的深入研究基础上,选取合理的技术方案,采用传统方法设计自调式膜片弹簧离合器,并采用传统方法进行校核。
基于自调式膜片弹簧离合器的特点及其自调原理,创新的将优化设计方法引入了自调式膜片弹簧离合器的设计当中。广泛参考传统膜片弹簧离合器和各种典型碟簧的优化设计方法,分别就基本参数、膜片弹簧和力感应弹簧三部分进行了优化设计。通过计算校核和有限元分析,证明该优化设计得出的参数方案比传统设计得出的参数方案更加合理。
建立三维实体参数化模型,在建模过程中,离合器的造型设计应用了反求工程技术。对自调式膜片弹簧离合器模型进行三维装配和运动分析,检验机构的运动性能。通过对关键零件进行有限元分析,检验优化结果的力学性能是否满足工程需要。
As a new kind of clutch with novel structure, self-adjusting clutch (SAC) , which can be used to adjust itself to compensate for the change of pressed force caused by friction disk abrasion, keeps the clutch torque capacity stable so that retains work force with a successive running condition. Supported by non-linear link strip connection, SAC also reduces the maximum separation strength resulting in more convenient operation.
Based on an actual automobile engineering project, this paper is goaled to develop such a self-adjusting clutch on the basis of standard technical parameters of a domestic automobile. According to the best understanding of clutch working mechanism, comparisons between conventional diaphragm spring clutch and advanced self-adjusting clutch have been carried out to develop a better technology solution. As a result, we adopt the traditionary method used in self-adjusting clutch optimization and control experiment.
Because of the remarkable characteristics and self-adjusting principle of SAC, an innovative optimal design method has been used in this paper to improve the SAC function. After consulting a considerable number of method related to the conventional diaphragm spring clutch and various typical disc spring, we optimized the SAC so far as primary parameters, diaphragm spring and sensor DS be concerned. According to finite element analysis, calculation and modification, the results show that our optimized parameter setup works better than those traditionary ones without optimizing.
Furthermore, a three- dimensional solid model has been built. In order to execute assemblage and dynamical analysis of SAC model structure, we applied a so-called reverse engineering technology of clutch design in modeling process to test its dynamical function. We also used the finite element analysis method on those key components to make sure that the optimized dynamical system would suffice for working condition.
引文
1王望予.汽车设计.机械工业出版社,2004
2 Albers, A. Self- adjusting Clutch(SAC) and Dual Mass Flywheel(DMFW) to Improve Drive Train Comfort. VDI Reports. 1175: 153~168.
3韦远飞,朱啟庚．介绍几种自调式膜片弹簧离合器．传动技术．2006, (10):35~37
4 Ernst H. Kohlhage. Luk Colloquium. Kolon:6th Luk Symposium. 1994:3~6
5曹涌,陶华.基于灵敏度分析的离合器膜片弹簧优化设计.西北工业大学学报.2003,21(6):761~764
6 SAE Presentation 1992 LuK Self- Adjusting Clutch
7 de Briel, SAE 960981: Self- Adjusting Technology in a Clutch
8袁念诗,娄岳海.自调式膜片簧离合器.轻型汽车技术.2000,134(4):24~31
9 Pietro Dolcini, Hubert B′echart, Carlos Canudas de Wit. Observer- based optimal control of dry clutch engagement. Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, and the European Control Conference 2005 Seville, Spain, December, 2005: 12~15
10吴修义.德国ZF Sachs公司的两种新型离合器.新技术新产品.2007,(1):54~56
11曹涌,陶华.膜片弹簧离合器力学分析与基于灵敏度分析的优化设计.苏州大学,2002
12林世裕.汽车离合器拉式膜片弹簧的设计.江苏工学院学报.1985,(3):1~26
13夏长高,朱茂桃等.膜片弹簧大端载荷-变形特性的研究.机械研究与应用.1996,(4)
14徐石安.汽车离合器.清华大学出版社,2005
15林世裕.膜片弹簧离合器的设计制造.东南大学出版社,1995:135~158
16林世裕.膜片弹簧与碟形弹簧离合器的设计与制造.东南大学出版社,1995
17韦远飞,朱啟庚．自调式膜片弹簧离合器的研究．武汉理工大学．2007
18高健,汪勇.混沌最优化算法在结构最优化设计中应用.合肥工业大学学报.2006,16(5):58~61
19郭惠昕,桂乃磐,张世安,罗颂荣.拉式膜片弹簧优化设计建模方法及其综合分析.汽车科技.2001,(2):17~24
20司传胜.汽车膜片弹簧离合器的优化设计.林业机械与木工设备.2004,(8):33~34
21 Osyczka A. Multicriterion Optimization in Engineering. Chichester: Ellis Horwood. 1978
22 Stadler W. Multicriteria Optimization in Engineering and in Sciences. Plenum Press: New York. 1988
23 Eschnauer H, Koski J, Osyczka A. Multicriteria Design Optimization. Springer- Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1990
24 Robert A. Jones. Optimization of Computer Controlled Polishing. Applied Optics. 1977, 16(1): 218~224
25王立新,柴书彦,王飞,张晓华.基于三坐标测量的复杂多曲面体反求工程CAD建模.机床与液压.2008,36(8):227~230
26 T Stutzle, H H Hoos. MAX-MIN Ant System. Future Generate Compute System. 2000, 16(8): 889~914
27 Lee S H, Kim H C, Hur S Met. STL file generation from measured point date by segmentation and D- elaunay triangulation. Computer Aided Design. 2002, (34): 91~104
28王永辉.CATIA V5在汽车零件逆向开发中的应用.现代制造过程,2006,(1):113~115
29袁峰.基于NURBS曲面重构的汽车轮毂帽逆向设计.机械工程师.2005,(12):122~123
30周建强,李建军,王彬.逆向工程技术的研究现状及发展趋势.现代制造技术与装备.2006,(3)
31荣烈润.面向21世纪的反求工程技术.机电一体化.2006,(6)
32沈杨,卫冬生,徐筱欣.基于MSC Adams的新型离合器动态特性仿真.计算机辅助工程.2006,9(15):140~143
33薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.清华大学出版社,2002
34王玉海,宋健,李兴坤.离合器动态过程建模与仿真.公路交通科技.2004,21(10):121~125
35 Haug E J. Computer- Aide Kinematics and Dynamics of Mechanical System. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 1989
36 Shabana A A. Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Review of Pastand Recent Developments Multibody System Dynamics. Cambridge:Cambridge Univ Press. 1998
37 J .A .柯林斯.机械设计中的材料失效—分析、预测、预防.机械工业出版社,1987
38胡加.汽车离合器技术的新发展.专业汽车.2003,(3):36~39
39顾晓阳.现代设计技术在汽车离合器行业研发中的应用.汽车与配件.2007,(10):25~27
40 Luigi Glielmo, Luigi Iannelli, Vladimiro Vacca, Francesco Vasca. Gearshift Control for Automated Manual Transmissions. IEEE/ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS. 2006, 11(1): 327~345
41 Luigi Glielmo, Luigi Iannelli, Vladimiro Vacca, Francesco Vasca. Speed Control for Automated Manual Transmission with Dry Clutch. 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control December. 2004: 14~17
42赵波,赵晓昱.汽车离合器的相关参数化设计与分析.拖拉机与农用运输车.2007,34(1):62~66
43 Su Jun. Calculation of Characeristic Curve of Diaphragm Spring by Finite Element Method. Ji Xie She Ji Yu Yian Jiu, EIEE. 1998, 14(2)
44杨橙.汽车离合器膜片弹簧的有限元分析.机电技术.2005(1):37~38
45张国进,吕英民.碟形弹簧非线性特性分析有限元法.机械研究与应用.1998,11(2)
46 Ye Zhiming, Yeh Kaiyuan. Study of Belleville Spring and Diaphragm Spring in Engineering. ASME. 1990
47 Hu Xuexian. A research of the nondestructive inspection of EED. Proc of the 15th Symposium on E&P. Philadelphia USA. 1994
48张铁山,朱茂桃.汽车离合器压盘热变形和热应力的有限元分析.汽车技术.1995,(5):23~26
49 Design Practics- Passenger Car Automatic Transmissions. 1973
50 YEH H G. Real- Time Implementation of a Narrow- Band KalmanFilter with a Floating- Point Proeessor DSP32. Electron, IEEETrans. 1990, 37(1): 13~18.
2 Albers, A. Self- adjusting Clutch(SAC) and Dual Mass Flywheel(DMFW) to Improve Drive Train Comfort. VDI Reports. 1175: 153~168.
3韦远飞,朱啟庚．介绍几种自调式膜片弹簧离合器．传动技术．2006, (10):35~37
4 Ernst H. Kohlhage. Luk Colloquium. Kolon:6th Luk Symposium. 1994:3~6
5曹涌,陶华.基于灵敏度分析的离合器膜片弹簧优化设计.西北工业大学学报.2003,21(6):761~764
6 SAE Presentation 1992 LuK Self- Adjusting Clutch
7 de Briel, SAE 960981: Self- Adjusting Technology in a Clutch
8袁念诗,娄岳海.自调式膜片簧离合器.轻型汽车技术.2000,134(4):24~31
9 Pietro Dolcini, Hubert B′echart, Carlos Canudas de Wit. Observer- based optimal control of dry clutch engagement. Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, and the European Control Conference 2005 Seville, Spain, December, 2005: 12~15
10吴修义.德国ZF Sachs公司的两种新型离合器.新技术新产品.2007,(1):54~56
11曹涌,陶华.膜片弹簧离合器力学分析与基于灵敏度分析的优化设计.苏州大学,2002
12林世裕.汽车离合器拉式膜片弹簧的设计.江苏工学院学报.1985,(3):1~26
13夏长高,朱茂桃等.膜片弹簧大端载荷-变形特性的研究.机械研究与应用.1996,(4)
14徐石安.汽车离合器.清华大学出版社,2005
15林世裕.膜片弹簧离合器的设计制造.东南大学出版社,1995:135~158
16林世裕.膜片弹簧与碟形弹簧离合器的设计与制造.东南大学出版社,1995
17韦远飞,朱啟庚．自调式膜片弹簧离合器的研究．武汉理工大学．2007
18高健,汪勇.混沌最优化算法在结构最优化设计中应用.合肥工业大学学报.2006,16(5):58~61
19郭惠昕,桂乃磐,张世安,罗颂荣.拉式膜片弹簧优化设计建模方法及其综合分析.汽车科技.2001,(2):17~24
20司传胜.汽车膜片弹簧离合器的优化设计.林业机械与木工设备.2004,(8):33~34
21 Osyczka A. Multicriterion Optimization in Engineering. Chichester: Ellis Horwood. 1978
22 Stadler W. Multicriteria Optimization in Engineering and in Sciences. Plenum Press: New York. 1988
23 Eschnauer H, Koski J, Osyczka A. Multicriteria Design Optimization. Springer- Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1990
24 Robert A. Jones. Optimization of Computer Controlled Polishing. Applied Optics. 1977, 16(1): 218~224
25王立新,柴书彦,王飞,张晓华.基于三坐标测量的复杂多曲面体反求工程CAD建模.机床与液压.2008,36(8):227~230
26 T Stutzle, H H Hoos. MAX-MIN Ant System. Future Generate Compute System. 2000, 16(8): 889~914
27 Lee S H, Kim H C, Hur S Met. STL file generation from measured point date by segmentation and D- elaunay triangulation. Computer Aided Design. 2002, (34): 91~104
28王永辉.CATIA V5在汽车零件逆向开发中的应用.现代制造过程,2006,(1):113~115
29袁峰.基于NURBS曲面重构的汽车轮毂帽逆向设计.机械工程师.2005,(12):122~123
30周建强,李建军,王彬.逆向工程技术的研究现状及发展趋势.现代制造技术与装备.2006,(3)
31荣烈润.面向21世纪的反求工程技术.机电一体化.2006,(6)
32沈杨,卫冬生,徐筱欣.基于MSC Adams的新型离合器动态特性仿真.计算机辅助工程.2006,9(15):140~143
33薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.清华大学出版社,2002
34王玉海,宋健,李兴坤.离合器动态过程建模与仿真.公路交通科技.2004,21(10):121~125
35 Haug E J. Computer- Aide Kinematics and Dynamics of Mechanical System. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 1989
36 Shabana A A. Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Review of Pastand Recent Developments Multibody System Dynamics. Cambridge:Cambridge Univ Press. 1998
37 J .A .柯林斯.机械设计中的材料失效—分析、预测、预防.机械工业出版社,1987
38胡加.汽车离合器技术的新发展.专业汽车.2003,(3):36~39
39顾晓阳.现代设计技术在汽车离合器行业研发中的应用.汽车与配件.2007,(10):25~27
40 Luigi Glielmo, Luigi Iannelli, Vladimiro Vacca, Francesco Vasca. Gearshift Control for Automated Manual Transmissions. IEEE/ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS. 2006, 11(1): 327~345
41 Luigi Glielmo, Luigi Iannelli, Vladimiro Vacca, Francesco Vasca. Speed Control for Automated Manual Transmission with Dry Clutch. 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control December. 2004: 14~17
42赵波,赵晓昱.汽车离合器的相关参数化设计与分析.拖拉机与农用运输车.2007,34(1):62~66
43 Su Jun. Calculation of Characeristic Curve of Diaphragm Spring by Finite Element Method. Ji Xie She Ji Yu Yian Jiu, EIEE. 1998, 14(2)
44杨橙.汽车离合器膜片弹簧的有限元分析.机电技术.2005(1):37~38
45张国进,吕英民.碟形弹簧非线性特性分析有限元法.机械研究与应用.1998,11(2)
46 Ye Zhiming, Yeh Kaiyuan. Study of Belleville Spring and Diaphragm Spring in Engineering. ASME. 1990
47 Hu Xuexian. A research of the nondestructive inspection of EED. Proc of the 15th Symposium on E&P. Philadelphia USA. 1994
48张铁山,朱茂桃.汽车离合器压盘热变形和热应力的有限元分析.汽车技术.1995,(5):23~26
49 Design Practics- Passenger Car Automatic Transmissions. 1973
50 YEH H G. Real- Time Implementation of a Narrow- Band KalmanFilter with a Floating- Point Proeessor DSP32. Electron, IEEETrans. 1990, 37(1): 13~18.