节水冷却塔与双效塑料溴化锂制冷机系统的实验研究
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摘要
溴化锂吸收式制冷机以各种低温热源为动力进行制冷,因其具有耗电少、对环境无污染无破坏、无爆炸危险、冷量调节范围广、适应性强等特点,被国际社会公认为最具有发展前景的制冷机。在当前国际社会禁止使用氟利昂的条件下,溴化锂吸收式制冷机更具发展优势。溴化锂制冷机的工质为溴化锂溶液,它是强碱性的腐蚀性介质,易对溴化锂制冷机组造成腐蚀。所以,腐蚀问题一直是制约溴化锂制冷机发展的一大瓶颈,本文提出双效塑料溴化锂制冷机,用塑料换热器代替传统的金属换热器,拟实现以塑料替代铜,解决溴冷机的腐蚀问题,同时减轻溴冷机组重量,降低吸收式制冷机制造成本。本文设计了一台制冷量为50 KW的双效塑料溴化锂制冷机组,机组的低温溶液换热器为掺石墨的聚丙烯塑料换热器。文章对双效塑料溴化锂制冷机组进行了系统计算和结构设计,尤其是塑料换热器的换热系数、流动阻力等关键参数进行了详细的计算和校核,并对其结构尺寸进行了优化设计。经过计算,换热器的传热系数为229.16 W/(m2·k),双效塑料溴化锂制冷机组的理论COP可达1.27。文章在绘制完机组的整套图纸后,对机组进行加工,搭建了一个双效塑料溴化锂制冷机实验台,并对实验系统进行了气密性检验和初步的调试试验。初步调试结果表明,本课题双效塑料溴化锂制冷机组可以运转,机组初步调试的COP为0.68。
湿式冷却塔广泛应用于国民经济的诸多领域,如电力、石油、化工、钢铁等,其耗水量巨大。我国却是一个严重缺水的国家,传统的湿式冷却塔巨大的耗水量不符合我国经济社会长远发展的要求,因此开发节水型湿式冷却塔势在必行。本文提出一种新型的节水冷却塔——盐水冷却塔,它可以通过调节盐水浓度来抑制水的蒸发,从而实现节水的目的。盐水冷却塔对缓解我国乃至世界日益严重的水危机,满足我国节水节能的重大需求,有重大战略意义!本文对盐水冷却塔进行了热力计算,盐水冷却塔的冷却载荷为371584.63kJ/h,所需的风量为44775.85 kg/h。在热力计算的基础上对盐水冷却塔进行了结构设计。本文盐水冷却塔采用双盘结构,可以根据条件对盐水浓度进行调节,以达到最佳的节水效果。
The Lithium Bromide-water absorption chiller can driven by a variety of low temperature heat source, because of its low electricity consumption, no environmental pollution, no risk of explosion, wide range of cold adjustment, strong adaptability and other Advantages,was recognized the most promising refrigerator by the international community. Under the condition of prohibit to use freon, the lithium bromide absorption chiller has its greater future.the work medium of The Lithium Bromide-water absorption chiller is Lithium Bromide-water,which is a strong alkaline corrosive media, easily erode the lithium bromide chiller. Therefore, the corrosion problems greatly limited the development of lithium bromide chiller.This paper proposes double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller,use plastic heat exchanger instead of metal heat exchanger intended to achieve using plastic instead of copper to solve the corrosion problems of lithium bromide refrigerator, meanwhile reducing the weight and the manufacturing cost of the lithium bromide chiller.This paper design a double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller,its refrigerating capacity is 50 KW. We use plastic heat exchanger instead of the Low temperature solution heat exchanger in the chiller unit.The raw material of plastic heat exchanger is polypropylene contains graphites.Paper conduct the thermodynamic calculation and structure design of the double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller, especially of plastic heat exchanger,and Optimization its structure.The result of calculation shows,the heat transfer coefficient of plastic heat exchanger is 229.16 W/(m2·k), Theoretical COP of double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller is 1.27.After draw the whole drawing sheets, manufactured the chiller unit,We build a test bench of double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller,then we carried out the gas tightness detection and debugging of the double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller. The result of debugging shows, the chiller unit can work on the rails, The COP of unit in Initial debugging phase is 0.68.
Wet cooling tower is widely used in many fields of national economy, such as electricity, petroleum, chemical, steel and so on,its water consumption is very huge. China is a serious water shortage country,the traditional wet cooling towers can not meet the requirement of long-term development of economy and society. Although dry cooling tower can saving the water, but the cost is too high,and the cooling effect is too poor in summer, therefore the development of water-saving wet cooling towers is imperative. This paper innovative presented a new water-saving cooling tower, salt-water cooling tower, It can be suppress water evaporation by adjusting the salt water concentration, thus achieve the object of saving water. The salt-water cooling tower provide a new way for develop related industry in water deficient area,it has great strategic significance to alleviate the China or even the worldwide growing water crisis. This paper carried out the thermodynamic calculation of Salt-water cooling towers,the cooling load is 371584.63 kJ/h,the air volume needed is 44775.85 kg/h. On the basis of theoretical calculation,paper designed the structure of Salt-water cooling towers.The Salt-water cooling towers use double tank structure,so it can adjust the concentration of solution to save more water.
湿式冷却塔广泛应用于国民经济的诸多领域,如电力、石油、化工、钢铁等,其耗水量巨大。我国却是一个严重缺水的国家,传统的湿式冷却塔巨大的耗水量不符合我国经济社会长远发展的要求,因此开发节水型湿式冷却塔势在必行。本文提出一种新型的节水冷却塔——盐水冷却塔,它可以通过调节盐水浓度来抑制水的蒸发,从而实现节水的目的。盐水冷却塔对缓解我国乃至世界日益严重的水危机,满足我国节水节能的重大需求,有重大战略意义!本文对盐水冷却塔进行了热力计算,盐水冷却塔的冷却载荷为371584.63kJ/h,所需的风量为44775.85 kg/h。在热力计算的基础上对盐水冷却塔进行了结构设计。本文盐水冷却塔采用双盘结构,可以根据条件对盐水浓度进行调节,以达到最佳的节水效果。
The Lithium Bromide-water absorption chiller can driven by a variety of low temperature heat source, because of its low electricity consumption, no environmental pollution, no risk of explosion, wide range of cold adjustment, strong adaptability and other Advantages,was recognized the most promising refrigerator by the international community. Under the condition of prohibit to use freon, the lithium bromide absorption chiller has its greater future.the work medium of The Lithium Bromide-water absorption chiller is Lithium Bromide-water,which is a strong alkaline corrosive media, easily erode the lithium bromide chiller. Therefore, the corrosion problems greatly limited the development of lithium bromide chiller.This paper proposes double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller,use plastic heat exchanger instead of metal heat exchanger intended to achieve using plastic instead of copper to solve the corrosion problems of lithium bromide refrigerator, meanwhile reducing the weight and the manufacturing cost of the lithium bromide chiller.This paper design a double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller,its refrigerating capacity is 50 KW. We use plastic heat exchanger instead of the Low temperature solution heat exchanger in the chiller unit.The raw material of plastic heat exchanger is polypropylene contains graphites.Paper conduct the thermodynamic calculation and structure design of the double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller, especially of plastic heat exchanger,and Optimization its structure.The result of calculation shows,the heat transfer coefficient of plastic heat exchanger is 229.16 W/(m2·k), Theoretical COP of double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller is 1.27.After draw the whole drawing sheets, manufactured the chiller unit,We build a test bench of double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller,then we carried out the gas tightness detection and debugging of the double-effect plastic lithium bromide chiller. The result of debugging shows, the chiller unit can work on the rails, The COP of unit in Initial debugging phase is 0.68.
Wet cooling tower is widely used in many fields of national economy, such as electricity, petroleum, chemical, steel and so on,its water consumption is very huge. China is a serious water shortage country,the traditional wet cooling towers can not meet the requirement of long-term development of economy and society. Although dry cooling tower can saving the water, but the cost is too high,and the cooling effect is too poor in summer, therefore the development of water-saving wet cooling towers is imperative. This paper innovative presented a new water-saving cooling tower, salt-water cooling tower, It can be suppress water evaporation by adjusting the salt water concentration, thus achieve the object of saving water. The salt-water cooling tower provide a new way for develop related industry in water deficient area,it has great strategic significance to alleviate the China or even the worldwide growing water crisis. This paper carried out the thermodynamic calculation of Salt-water cooling towers,the cooling load is 371584.63 kJ/h,the air volume needed is 44775.85 kg/h. On the basis of theoretical calculation,paper designed the structure of Salt-water cooling towers.The Salt-water cooling towers use double tank structure,so it can adjust the concentration of solution to save more water.
引文
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[8I.陈光明,冯仰浦,王剑锋.一个用太阳能驱动的新型吸收制冷循环[J].低温工程,1999,1：50-54.
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[10]尹洪超,靳兵,赵亮.溴化锂水溶液的结晶控制及应用对策[J].能源技术,2008,29(1)：45-47.
[11]石程名,宫世吉,徐灿君,等.竖管内溴化锂溶液降膜发生实验研究[J],制冷学报,2008,29(3)：43-46.
[12]李芳,王景刚,刘金荣.热管技术应用于冷却塔节水的理论分析[A].制冷空调新技术进展——第三届制冷空调新技术研讨会论文集[C].杭州：中国制冷学会,2005：445-449.
[13]Gershon Grossman, Joseph R. Bourne, Jonathan Ben-Dror, etc. Design improvements in LiBr absorption chillers for solar applications [J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1981,103(1):56-61.
[14]Ibrahim Dincer,Mustafa Edin, Engin Ture. Investigation of thermal performace of a solar powered absorption refrigeration system. [J]. Enery Conversion and Management,1996,37 (1):51-58.
[15]Z.F.Li, K. Sumathy,. Performance of chiller in a solar absorption air conditioning system with partitioned hot water storage tank[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2001,123:48-49.
[16]Arif Ileri. Yearly simulation of a solar-aided R22-DEGEME absorption heat pump system[J]..Solar Enery,1995,55 (4):255-265.
[17]Alan Benefiel, John S.Manlbetsch, Michael N. Difilippo. Water Conservation Options for Wet-cooled Power Plants [A].CEC/EPRI Advanced Cooling Strategies/Technoligies Conference[C]. Sacramento, California, USA,2005.
[18]R. J. Romero, W. Rivera, I. Pilatowsky, etc. Comparision of the modeling of a solar absorption system for simultaneous cooling and heating operating with an aqueous ternary hudroxide and with water/lithium bromide[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2001,70:301-308.
[19]Grassie SL,Sheridan NR.Modeling of a solar-powered absorption air-condit ioning system with refrigerant storage [J].Solar Enery,1997,19:691-700.
[20]I. Pilatowsky, W. Rivera, R. J. Romero. Performance evaluation of a monomethyl amine-water solar absorption refrigeration system for milk cooling purpos es[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2004,24:1103-1115.
[21]Sheridan N. R, Kanshik SC. A novel latent heat storage for solar space heating sys tems:refrigerant storage[J]. Applied Energy,2003,9:165-172.
[22]M. Mazloumi,M. Naghashzadegan, K. Javaherden. Simulation of solar lithium bro mide-water absorption cooling system[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2008,49(10):2820-2832.
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