陆地棉优异纤维品质及产量性状的QTL挖掘
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摘要
为进一步挖掘来自美国新墨西哥州立大学的陆地棉高品质品系NM03102的优异纤维品质性状的基因,利用国内大面积推广种植的陆地棉1138(鲁棉研21)作为母本、NM03102为父本组建了F2和F2:3分离群体。利用F2分离群体以SSR标记构建连锁图谱,采用复合区间作图法(CIM)对纤维品质性状及产量相关性状进行QTL定位研究,从分子水平上初步揭示各个性状之间的遗传关系,利用与棉花纤维品质及产量性状QTLs紧密连锁的分子标记进行辅助选择。
纤维品质和产量性状分析表明,两亲本在铃重、衣分、纤维长度、强度和马克隆值等性状上均达到了显著或极显著差异水平,在F2和F2:3群体所有这些性状呈正态分布,表现双向超亲分离现象,符合受微效多基因控制的数量性状的特征。
性状间的相关分析结果表明,纤维长度与强度、伸长率、整齐度呈极显著正相关,但与强度的相关系数最高,与马克隆值不相关。纤维强度与整齐度、伸长率呈极显著正相关,但与马克隆值呈极显著负相关;马克隆值与整齐度、伸长率呈极显著正相关。铃重与衣分呈显著或极显著的负相关,与纤维长度、整齐度、马克隆值和伸长率呈极显著的正相关。衣分与纤维长度、整齐度、马克隆值、伸长率和纤维强度呈显著或极显著的负相关,表明高衣分材料,其纤维品质可能较差。本实验中的QTL成簇分布为以上相关关系提供了遗传解释。
本研究利用不同来源的7892对SSR引物对亲本进行筛选,获得225对多态性引物。利用多态性引物检测(1138×NM03102)F2群体195个单株的标记基因型,共获得242个标记位点。利用Joinmap 3.0构建遗传连锁图谱,182个标记构建了37个连锁群,共覆盖1661.6cM,相当于棉花基因组的37.34%,平均每个连锁群覆盖44.91cM,每个连锁群包含的标记位点数从2到18个不等,平均每个连锁群包含4.9个标记位点,标记间平均相距9.1cM。通过与前人的连锁图谱比对,已将其中的35条连锁群定位到20条染色体上。
采用WinQTLCartographer2.5的复合区间作图法(CIM),对1138×NM03102的F2和F2:3群体的纤维品质和产量性状进行分析,共检测到20个纤维品质性状QTLs,其中纤维长度4个、纤维比强度4个、马克隆值5个、伸长率3个和整齐度4个,解释表型变异率范围为5.10%-28.49%;检测到27个产量性状QTLs,包括单株籽棉产量3个、单株皮棉产量4个、铃重1个、子指6个、衣分6个、株高4个和果枝数3个,解释表型变异率范围为5.93%-44.29%。
在20个纤维品质性状QTLs中增效基因来自高值亲本的10个,其中两世代表现稳定的有1个纤维强度QTL和1个马克隆值QTL,有1个纤维强度QTL和1个整齐度QTL与已有的报道一致;在27个产量性状QTLs中增效基因来自高值亲本的14个,其中两世代表现稳定的有1个果枝数QTL,有1个子指QTL和1个衣分QTL与已有的报道一致;特别是1个强度的QTL在不同世代及遗传背景中均检测到,这些稳定的QTL为分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。
Cotton is the world’s most important natural textile fiber. With the changes in spinning technology, the improvement of cotton fiber quality is becoming extremely important. The combination of conventional breeding techniques with MAS (molecular-assisted selection) will become a basic approach for cotton fiber improvement. The cross of 1138×NM03102 was made, which included one parent, NM03102 with elite fiber quality from New Mexico State University, USA, and the another parent, 1138 as commercial cultivation transgenic variety resistant to budworm from Shandong Cotton Research Center. It could be very useful to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) of fiber quality and yield traits for revealing the genetic basis of the main characters and their genetic relationships, and increasing the selective effeciency of cotton breeding.
The fiber quality and yield traits were tested or observed systematically. The results showed that: there were significant or extremely significant difference for boll size,lint percent, fiber length, fiber strength and Micronaire value between the two parents, And all the traits in F2 and F2:3 populations were distributed in normal distribution with the phenomenon of two-way transgressive segregation, which match to the phenotypes conditioned by multiple micro-effect genes.
The correlation analysis indicated that fiber length was very significantly positive correlation with fiber strength, fiber elongation and fiber uniformity, not correlation with Micronaire value. Fiber strength was very significantly positive correlation with fiber elongation and fiber uniformity, and very significantly negative correlation with Micronaire value. Micronaire was very significantly positive correlation with fiber elongation and fiber uniformity. Boll size was significantly negative correlation with lint percent, and very significantly positive correlation with fiber length, fiber uniformity, Micronaire value and fiber elongation. Lint percent was significant negative correlation with fiber length, fiber uniformity, fiber elongation and fiber strength, which indicated it’s still difficult to improve fiber quality and lint percent simultaneously. These correlations could be partly explained by QTLs clusters or co-location in the experiment.
In the present study,225 pairs of polymorphic primer were obtained for the two parents from 7892 pairs of SSR primer , and the polymorphic primers were used to genotype the 195 individual plants in F2 population derived from 1138×NM03102,242 loci were obtained. With the software of Joinmap3.0 with LOD of 5.0, Linkage test indicated that 182 loci could be mapped to 37 linkage groups, which covered a total genetic distance of 1661.6cM, approximately 37.34 % of cotton genome. The average distance of neighbor markers was 9.1cM. 35 linkage groups were assigned to corresponding chromosome.
Based on Composite Interval Mapping (CIM) method of WinQTLCartographer2.5, the result showed that 20 QTLs for fiber quality were detected in F2 and F2:3 populations, 4 for fiber length , 4 for fiber strength , 5 for Micronaire value, 4 for fiber uniformity and 3 for fiber elongation,respectively. These QTLs expained 5.10%-28.49% of the corresponding phenotypic variations. 27 QTLs for the yield traits were identified, 3 for plant seedcotton yield, 4 for plant lint yield, one for boll size, 6 for seed index, 6 for lint percent , 4 for plant height and 3 for fruit branchs, respectively. These QTLs expained 5.93%-44.29% of the corresponding phenotypic variations.
10 favorable alleles for fiber quality originate from donor parent NM03102. In addition, 2 QTLs with one for fiber strength and another for Micronaire value could be detected in two generations. And 2 QTLs with one for fiber strength and another for fiber uniformity could be detected in different genetic background previously published in other reports. Fourteen favorable alleles for the yield traits originate from donor parent 1138. 1 QTL for fruit branch could be detected in two generations and 2 QTLs with 1 for seed index and 1 QTL for lint percent were same as previously published reports. In particular, 1QTL for fiber strength could be detected in different generations and different genetic background. The molecular markers linked closely to the stable major QTL could be used in MAS to improve cotton fiber quality.
纤维品质和产量性状分析表明,两亲本在铃重、衣分、纤维长度、强度和马克隆值等性状上均达到了显著或极显著差异水平,在F2和F2:3群体所有这些性状呈正态分布,表现双向超亲分离现象,符合受微效多基因控制的数量性状的特征。
性状间的相关分析结果表明,纤维长度与强度、伸长率、整齐度呈极显著正相关,但与强度的相关系数最高,与马克隆值不相关。纤维强度与整齐度、伸长率呈极显著正相关,但与马克隆值呈极显著负相关;马克隆值与整齐度、伸长率呈极显著正相关。铃重与衣分呈显著或极显著的负相关,与纤维长度、整齐度、马克隆值和伸长率呈极显著的正相关。衣分与纤维长度、整齐度、马克隆值、伸长率和纤维强度呈显著或极显著的负相关,表明高衣分材料,其纤维品质可能较差。本实验中的QTL成簇分布为以上相关关系提供了遗传解释。
本研究利用不同来源的7892对SSR引物对亲本进行筛选,获得225对多态性引物。利用多态性引物检测(1138×NM03102)F2群体195个单株的标记基因型,共获得242个标记位点。利用Joinmap 3.0构建遗传连锁图谱,182个标记构建了37个连锁群,共覆盖1661.6cM,相当于棉花基因组的37.34%,平均每个连锁群覆盖44.91cM,每个连锁群包含的标记位点数从2到18个不等,平均每个连锁群包含4.9个标记位点,标记间平均相距9.1cM。通过与前人的连锁图谱比对,已将其中的35条连锁群定位到20条染色体上。
采用WinQTLCartographer2.5的复合区间作图法(CIM),对1138×NM03102的F2和F2:3群体的纤维品质和产量性状进行分析,共检测到20个纤维品质性状QTLs,其中纤维长度4个、纤维比强度4个、马克隆值5个、伸长率3个和整齐度4个,解释表型变异率范围为5.10%-28.49%;检测到27个产量性状QTLs,包括单株籽棉产量3个、单株皮棉产量4个、铃重1个、子指6个、衣分6个、株高4个和果枝数3个,解释表型变异率范围为5.93%-44.29%。
在20个纤维品质性状QTLs中增效基因来自高值亲本的10个,其中两世代表现稳定的有1个纤维强度QTL和1个马克隆值QTL,有1个纤维强度QTL和1个整齐度QTL与已有的报道一致;在27个产量性状QTLs中增效基因来自高值亲本的14个,其中两世代表现稳定的有1个果枝数QTL,有1个子指QTL和1个衣分QTL与已有的报道一致;特别是1个强度的QTL在不同世代及遗传背景中均检测到,这些稳定的QTL为分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。
Cotton is the world’s most important natural textile fiber. With the changes in spinning technology, the improvement of cotton fiber quality is becoming extremely important. The combination of conventional breeding techniques with MAS (molecular-assisted selection) will become a basic approach for cotton fiber improvement. The cross of 1138×NM03102 was made, which included one parent, NM03102 with elite fiber quality from New Mexico State University, USA, and the another parent, 1138 as commercial cultivation transgenic variety resistant to budworm from Shandong Cotton Research Center. It could be very useful to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) of fiber quality and yield traits for revealing the genetic basis of the main characters and their genetic relationships, and increasing the selective effeciency of cotton breeding.
The fiber quality and yield traits were tested or observed systematically. The results showed that: there were significant or extremely significant difference for boll size,lint percent, fiber length, fiber strength and Micronaire value between the two parents, And all the traits in F2 and F2:3 populations were distributed in normal distribution with the phenomenon of two-way transgressive segregation, which match to the phenotypes conditioned by multiple micro-effect genes.
The correlation analysis indicated that fiber length was very significantly positive correlation with fiber strength, fiber elongation and fiber uniformity, not correlation with Micronaire value. Fiber strength was very significantly positive correlation with fiber elongation and fiber uniformity, and very significantly negative correlation with Micronaire value. Micronaire was very significantly positive correlation with fiber elongation and fiber uniformity. Boll size was significantly negative correlation with lint percent, and very significantly positive correlation with fiber length, fiber uniformity, Micronaire value and fiber elongation. Lint percent was significant negative correlation with fiber length, fiber uniformity, fiber elongation and fiber strength, which indicated it’s still difficult to improve fiber quality and lint percent simultaneously. These correlations could be partly explained by QTLs clusters or co-location in the experiment.
In the present study,225 pairs of polymorphic primer were obtained for the two parents from 7892 pairs of SSR primer , and the polymorphic primers were used to genotype the 195 individual plants in F2 population derived from 1138×NM03102,242 loci were obtained. With the software of Joinmap3.0 with LOD of 5.0, Linkage test indicated that 182 loci could be mapped to 37 linkage groups, which covered a total genetic distance of 1661.6cM, approximately 37.34 % of cotton genome. The average distance of neighbor markers was 9.1cM. 35 linkage groups were assigned to corresponding chromosome.
Based on Composite Interval Mapping (CIM) method of WinQTLCartographer2.5, the result showed that 20 QTLs for fiber quality were detected in F2 and F2:3 populations, 4 for fiber length , 4 for fiber strength , 5 for Micronaire value, 4 for fiber uniformity and 3 for fiber elongation,respectively. These QTLs expained 5.10%-28.49% of the corresponding phenotypic variations. 27 QTLs for the yield traits were identified, 3 for plant seedcotton yield, 4 for plant lint yield, one for boll size, 6 for seed index, 6 for lint percent , 4 for plant height and 3 for fruit branchs, respectively. These QTLs expained 5.93%-44.29% of the corresponding phenotypic variations.
10 favorable alleles for fiber quality originate from donor parent NM03102. In addition, 2 QTLs with one for fiber strength and another for Micronaire value could be detected in two generations. And 2 QTLs with one for fiber strength and another for fiber uniformity could be detected in different genetic background previously published in other reports. Fourteen favorable alleles for the yield traits originate from donor parent 1138. 1 QTL for fruit branch could be detected in two generations and 2 QTLs with 1 for seed index and 1 QTL for lint percent were same as previously published reports. In particular, 1QTL for fiber strength could be detected in different generations and different genetic background. The molecular markers linked closely to the stable major QTL could be used in MAS to improve cotton fiber quality.
引文
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