秘鲁南部Cercana-Don jovier斑岩铜矿地质特征及成因探讨
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摘要
Cercana-Donjovier矿区位于秘鲁南部Arequipa省境内,西科迪勒拉山构造岩浆带南西段；区域上为纳兹卡洋壳板块向南美大陆板块俯冲所形成的安第斯陆缘造山带重要组成部分,其主构造线的方向与安第斯山轴线方向相同。根据秘鲁能矿部对其成矿带划分,属秘鲁南部古近纪斑岩成矿带,该带产出有Cerro Verde、Cuajone、Toquepala、Quellaveco等7个大型、超大型斑岩(铜、铜-钼)矿床。这些矿床的矿化均与古新世-始新世安山斑岩的侵入有关,而区域北西向的断裂控制了含矿斑岩的侵位。该研究区良好的成矿地质条件,具备了斑岩型铜矿形成的条件。
本文在大量野外地质工作基础上,采用地、物、化、遥多种方法,对研究区的地质特征、遥感地质特征、地球物理化学特征、典型矿床对比分析、矿床成因等方面进行了研究。取得了以下几方面成果。
1、分析了研究区的区域成矿地质背景,本区处在秘鲁南部古近纪斑岩铜矿带之上,属于岛弧成矿环境,表明了本区在成矿地质条件上的优势。
2、运用卫星遥感图像对区域构造进行了分析,解译出了区域的断裂构造和火山机构的分布特征；运用遥感主成分分析技术,提取了矿区及周围主要热液蚀变矿物的信息,对寻找斑岩铜矿起到了指示意义。
3、对全区控岩、控矿的地质条件进行了研究；寻找到了矿区的矿化露头异常,划分出了矿化蚀变分带；并对已施工钻孔的矿化情况进行了分析。斑岩的侵入受北西向和近南北的构造复合控制,矿化主要和英安斑岩和硅化侵入角砾岩有关。
4、矿区地表地球化学取样结果显示了矿区的矿化中心；通过我校何继善院士发明的双频激电仪地球物理方法探测,圈出了激电异常带。
5、通过秘鲁南部古近纪斑岩成矿带上典型斑岩铜矿床地质特征的对比,对本矿区的矿床成因和成矿规律进行了初步的探讨。
The Cercana-Donjovier property is located in the Southwestern edge of the West Cordillera tectonic-magmatic belt,Arequipa province, South of Peru. It is an important part of Andean orogenic belt which formed when the Nazca oceanic plate subduction to the South American continent. The direction of the principal structural line parallel with the axial of Andes. According to the division of metallogenic belt made by Peruvian Energy and Mines Sector, the Cercana-Donjovier property belongs to the Paleogene porphyry copper belt of southern Peru,which bears seven large or super-large copper deposits, Cerro Verde, Cuajone, Toquepala, Quellaveco and so on. The mineralization of these deposits are related to the intrusion of andesite porphyry in Palaeocene-Eocene. There is a Northwest fault system in this region that controls the emplacement of the quartz porphyry intrusive.This area developed favorable geological conditions for the formation of the porphyry copper deposits.
Based on a large amount of fieldwork,combined with the characteristics of geological, geophysical, geochemical,and remote sensing exploration,and by comparison with typical copper deposits located in the same mineralization area, the main research findings in this paper are as follow:
1.The regional geological background of mineralization have been studied. The area is located in the porphyry mineral belt of south Peru, which belongs to a mineralization environment of island arc, indicating the mineralization advantages.
2.The remote sensing satellite images have been analyzed, the paper interprets the characteristics of volcanic distribution and the regional faulted structures,and we also use PCA technology to extract information of mineralization in and around the area, which show great significance to predicting porphyry copper deposit.
3.The local geological condition of rock-control and ore-control have been studied,we have found the outcrop mineralizing anomalies, and divided the range of alteration and mineralization; Analyzed the mineralization of the drilling. According to the results that mentioned above, the emplacement of the porphyry intrusive is related to the faults systerm with the direction NW and neat NS,and copper mineralization is mainly relevant to dacitic porphyry and silicified intrude breccia.
4.The result of geochemical samples from rock chips indicates the optimum mineralization zone; By using the Dual-frequen IP Instrument geophysical method which invented by academician He Jishan, we mapped the IP anomaly zone.
5.Compared with typical porphyry Copper deposit locating in Paleogene porphyry copper belt of southern Peru, we have preliminarily studied the genesis and metallogenic regularity of the deposits in this region.
本文在大量野外地质工作基础上,采用地、物、化、遥多种方法,对研究区的地质特征、遥感地质特征、地球物理化学特征、典型矿床对比分析、矿床成因等方面进行了研究。取得了以下几方面成果。
1、分析了研究区的区域成矿地质背景,本区处在秘鲁南部古近纪斑岩铜矿带之上,属于岛弧成矿环境,表明了本区在成矿地质条件上的优势。
2、运用卫星遥感图像对区域构造进行了分析,解译出了区域的断裂构造和火山机构的分布特征；运用遥感主成分分析技术,提取了矿区及周围主要热液蚀变矿物的信息,对寻找斑岩铜矿起到了指示意义。
3、对全区控岩、控矿的地质条件进行了研究；寻找到了矿区的矿化露头异常,划分出了矿化蚀变分带；并对已施工钻孔的矿化情况进行了分析。斑岩的侵入受北西向和近南北的构造复合控制,矿化主要和英安斑岩和硅化侵入角砾岩有关。
4、矿区地表地球化学取样结果显示了矿区的矿化中心；通过我校何继善院士发明的双频激电仪地球物理方法探测,圈出了激电异常带。
5、通过秘鲁南部古近纪斑岩成矿带上典型斑岩铜矿床地质特征的对比,对本矿区的矿床成因和成矿规律进行了初步的探讨。
The Cercana-Donjovier property is located in the Southwestern edge of the West Cordillera tectonic-magmatic belt,Arequipa province, South of Peru. It is an important part of Andean orogenic belt which formed when the Nazca oceanic plate subduction to the South American continent. The direction of the principal structural line parallel with the axial of Andes. According to the division of metallogenic belt made by Peruvian Energy and Mines Sector, the Cercana-Donjovier property belongs to the Paleogene porphyry copper belt of southern Peru,which bears seven large or super-large copper deposits, Cerro Verde, Cuajone, Toquepala, Quellaveco and so on. The mineralization of these deposits are related to the intrusion of andesite porphyry in Palaeocene-Eocene. There is a Northwest fault system in this region that controls the emplacement of the quartz porphyry intrusive.This area developed favorable geological conditions for the formation of the porphyry copper deposits.
Based on a large amount of fieldwork,combined with the characteristics of geological, geophysical, geochemical,and remote sensing exploration,and by comparison with typical copper deposits located in the same mineralization area, the main research findings in this paper are as follow:
1.The regional geological background of mineralization have been studied. The area is located in the porphyry mineral belt of south Peru, which belongs to a mineralization environment of island arc, indicating the mineralization advantages.
2.The remote sensing satellite images have been analyzed, the paper interprets the characteristics of volcanic distribution and the regional faulted structures,and we also use PCA technology to extract information of mineralization in and around the area, which show great significance to predicting porphyry copper deposit.
3.The local geological condition of rock-control and ore-control have been studied,we have found the outcrop mineralizing anomalies, and divided the range of alteration and mineralization; Analyzed the mineralization of the drilling. According to the results that mentioned above, the emplacement of the porphyry intrusive is related to the faults systerm with the direction NW and neat NS,and copper mineralization is mainly relevant to dacitic porphyry and silicified intrude breccia.
4.The result of geochemical samples from rock chips indicates the optimum mineralization zone; By using the Dual-frequen IP Instrument geophysical method which invented by academician He Jishan, we mapped the IP anomaly zone.
5.Compared with typical porphyry Copper deposit locating in Paleogene porphyry copper belt of southern Peru, we have preliminarily studied the genesis and metallogenic regularity of the deposits in this region.
引文
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[28]毛晓长,刘文灿.ETM+和ASTER数据在遥感矿化蚀变信息提取应用中的比较——以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例[J].现代地质,2005,19(2)：310-314.
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[3]S.R.蒂特利著,(林强摘译).斑岩铜矿地质：世纪末之回顾[J].国外地质科技,1997,8：1-8
[4]芮宗瑶,秦克章.2002国内外斑岩型铜矿研究进展[R].中国地调局,2002：2-15
[5]戴自希.近年来世界金属矿产勘查的经验与启示国外地质科技[M].1998：1-5
[6]杨培章,顾丽兰,周清登.世界铜矿山实录[R].世界铜矿山实录编写组，1990：3-7
[7]Ernest Bohnet.Mining Engineering[M].1997:57-62
[8]Southwestern Gold Corpporation. Geological Assessment of Draft Porphyry Copper Santa Catalina[R].1997:56-69 (Informe interno)
[9]R.H. Sillitoe.Epochs of intrusion-related copper mineralization in the Andes[J].Journal of South Ameican Earth Sciences,1988,1(1):89-108
[10]Gideon Rosenbaum,David Giles, Mark Saxon.Subduction of the Nazca Ridge and the Inca Plateau:Insights into the formation of ore deposits in Peru.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,Volume 239, Issues 1-2,30 October 2005:18-32
[11]Teresa Moreno, Wes Gibbons The geology of Chile [M].Lima,2001:86
[12]高光明.秘鲁阿雷其帕省CERCANA地区IOCG型矿床的基本特征地质报告[R].2009：1-5(内部资料)
[13]Carpio.M,et.Inventario y evaluacion de los recursos minerales de los Departamentos de Tacna, Moquegua y areas de Arequipa y Puno. Proyecto Multinacional Andino [M].INGEMMET, Lima,2000:35-68
[14]Chacdm.N,et.Metalogenia como guia para la prospeccion minera en el Peru[M].INGEMMET, Lima,1995:61
[15]Clark.A,et.Geomorphologic environment and age of supergene enrichment of the Cuajone,Quellaveco,and Toquepala porphyry copper deposits,southeastern Peru [J]. Economic Geology,1990,13(4):1604-1628.
[16]Dunm-Borkowski, E. Minerales industriales del Pera:oportunidades de negocios [M].INGEMMET,Lima,1996:184.
[17]James.D.E. Quantitative models for crystal contamination in the central and northern Andes[M]. Sociedad Geolgica del Peru,1984:76-78
[18]Kihien, A.Geologia, genesis de la mineralizacion, alteracion y evolcion de los fluidos hidrotermales en el porfido de cobre de Queliaveco[M]. Sociedad Geolgica del Peru,1995:159-178.
[19]Lorenz,W. Criteria for the assessment of non-metallic mineral deposits.,Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe A1991 (127):299-326
[20]Pool.A.Estudio tecnico-economico del yacimiento de azufre Yucamani prefactibilidad,Distrito de Candarave, Provincia de Tarata, Depadamento de Tacna[J]. Centromin Pera, Lima,1974:78
[21]Tejada.R&Zarate.Estudio geologico-minero del distrito de Yarabamba Arequipa[R].INGEMMET, Lima,1990:31(Informe interno)
[22]Thompson.A.J.& Thompson,.J.F. Atlas of alteration:a field and petrographic guide to hydrothermal alteration minerals. Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division[J]. Newfoundland,1996:119
[23]E.J. Cobbing.The segmented Coastal Batholith of Peru:Its relationship to volcanicity and metallogenesis[J]. Institute of Geological Science,1982,4(21): 241-251
[24]Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde. Geologfa de los porfidos de cobre Cerro Verde y Santa Rosa. Departamento de Geologia, Arequipa[R].1998:56-58(Informe interno)
[25]周成虎,骆剑承,杨晓梅.遥感影像地学理解与分析.北京：科学出版社,1999：2-5.
[26]李志中,周萍.构造的遥感解析方法及在中条山铜矿资源调查中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,1998：31-36
[27]甘甫平,王润生,马蔼乃.遥感地质信息提取集成与矿物遥感地质分析模型[J].遥感学报,2003,7(3)：207-213.
[28]毛晓长,刘文灿.ETM+和ASTER数据在遥感矿化蚀变信息提取应用中的比较——以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例[J].现代地质,2005,19(2)：310-314.
[29]Abrams.MASTER User Handbook [R]. Pasadena:Jet Propulsion Lab,2002.
[30]李铁芳,冯均佖,苏民生.遥感图像数字处理原理与应用[M].昆明：云南
科技出版社,1987：10
[31]吴德文.遥感与对地观测数据的找矿信息提取和处理技术及应用.[D].北京：中国地质大学,2006：23-26
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