秘鲁南部地区多源地学信息综合分析与找矿预测
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摘要
随着地质学的进步以及找矿难度的增加,地质矿产勘查工作也由传统的找矿走向高科技的应用了,找矿工作逐渐由直接找矿转向理论找矿、信息找矿。以矿产资源勘察和找矿预测为目的,利用地质矿产、遥感、地球物理、地球化学等数据,进行信息提取,综合处理和分析,优选最佳的地质、遥感、物探、化探找矿异常区,圈定成矿远景区。
本文以秘鲁南部地区为研究区,获取了研究区的地质矿产资料、遥感数据、水系沉积物地球化学测量数据、航磁等多源地学数据,然后对这些数据进行信息提取和综合处理分析研究,为综合信息找矿预测提供有效的方法。具体研究内容包括：多源地学数据信息提取技术、多源数据格式转换与整合技术、多源地学数据融合处理、GIS空间分析技术、信息量条件概率模型的综合信息定量预测等。
本文取得的主要成果如下：
1、通过对秘鲁南部地区遥感图像的处理,采用主成分分析、比值变换等,提取了与研究区金属矿化有关的泥化、铁化蚀变信息。运用多种化探数据处理方法,对研究区水系沉积物地球化学测量数据进行处理分析,圈定出了各类元素及元素组合异常。对研究区航磁数据进行了化极、延拓处理,提取了航磁异常信息,根据异常信息区分岩性、岩体、推断研究区的断裂构造等；
2、基于多源地学信息的成因和空间相关性,采用多源地学数据融合方法,对遥感数据、地球化学异常数据、航磁异常数据进行融合处理,总结出不同的多源数据融合处理方法；
3、应用GIS空间分析技术,分析了研究区内区域地层、矿产、侵入岩、断裂构造、遥感蚀变异常、地球化学异常、航磁异常等地质变量间相互关系,得到了各变量与研究区金属矿成矿间关系；
4、通过多源地学信息的找矿有利性变量的分析,优选出有利的找矿标志变量,建立起信息量条件概率综合预测量化模型。采用本文的综合分析结果,对秘鲁南部地区进行了找矿预测工作,绘制了信息量等值图,圈定了找矿预测靶区。为研究区的进一步地质找矿工作提供了重要依据。
Along with the progress of geology as well as the increase of prospecting difficulties, the traditional prospecting methods have been replaced by high-tech methods. Meanwhile, the latest prospecting theory and modern information systems are playing a more and more important role in prospecting works. Taking the mineral resource reconnaissance and the prospecting forecast as goals, modern prospecting methods can use the data of mineral resources, remote sensing, geophysical and geochemical exploration to perform information extraction, integration and analysis, in order to pick out the zones with best anomalies and thereon define the prospective mineralized area.
In this paper, southern Peru is taken as the research area where the exploration data have been collected. These data include that of geological minerals, remote sensing, the stream sediments and aeromagnetic survying, and so on. Information extraction, integration and analysis are carried out on the data, and an effective method is provided for informational searching and forecasting mineral deposits. Specific research works include:Multivariate geological data's information extraction technique, format transformation and conformity, data fusion processing, GIS spatial analysis technology and comprehensive information quota forecast of conditional probability model of the amount of information, etc.
The following are the primary achievements in this paper:
1. Remote sensing images of southern Peru were processed by means of principal components analysis and ratio transformation, so as to extract the alteration information related to metalliferous mineralization. Various data processing methods were employed to process the system sediments data to delineate geochemical anomalies. By carrying out extremely, analytic continuation processing on the aeromagnetic data, aeromagnetic anomaly information was extracted, then, according to the anomaly information, lithological character, rock mass were defined and faulted structure of the research area was inferred.
2. Based on origin and spatial relevance of the multivariate geological information, fusion processing of the remote sensing data, geochemical anomaly data, and the aeromagnetic anomaly data were carried out using the multivariate geological data fusion method, and different multivariate geological data fusion processing methods were summarized.
3. Using GIS spatial analysis techniques, the correlation among regional stratum, mineral type, intrusive rock, faulted structure, remote sensed alteration anomaly, geochemical anomaly and aeromagnetic anomaly was analyzed, and the connection of metalliferous mineralization and the above variables was concluded.
4. Through the analysis of ore prospecting advantage of multivariate geological information, the geologic variables favorable for comprehensive assessment was screened out to build information content conditional probability synthesis forecast quantification model, using the overall analysis results in this paper, mineral forecasting were performed in southern region of Peru. By drawing up the information content chronogram, prospecting targets were delineated, which laid a solid foundation for further ore prospecting in the region.
本文以秘鲁南部地区为研究区,获取了研究区的地质矿产资料、遥感数据、水系沉积物地球化学测量数据、航磁等多源地学数据,然后对这些数据进行信息提取和综合处理分析研究,为综合信息找矿预测提供有效的方法。具体研究内容包括：多源地学数据信息提取技术、多源数据格式转换与整合技术、多源地学数据融合处理、GIS空间分析技术、信息量条件概率模型的综合信息定量预测等。
本文取得的主要成果如下：
1、通过对秘鲁南部地区遥感图像的处理,采用主成分分析、比值变换等,提取了与研究区金属矿化有关的泥化、铁化蚀变信息。运用多种化探数据处理方法,对研究区水系沉积物地球化学测量数据进行处理分析,圈定出了各类元素及元素组合异常。对研究区航磁数据进行了化极、延拓处理,提取了航磁异常信息,根据异常信息区分岩性、岩体、推断研究区的断裂构造等；
2、基于多源地学信息的成因和空间相关性,采用多源地学数据融合方法,对遥感数据、地球化学异常数据、航磁异常数据进行融合处理,总结出不同的多源数据融合处理方法；
3、应用GIS空间分析技术,分析了研究区内区域地层、矿产、侵入岩、断裂构造、遥感蚀变异常、地球化学异常、航磁异常等地质变量间相互关系,得到了各变量与研究区金属矿成矿间关系；
4、通过多源地学信息的找矿有利性变量的分析,优选出有利的找矿标志变量,建立起信息量条件概率综合预测量化模型。采用本文的综合分析结果,对秘鲁南部地区进行了找矿预测工作,绘制了信息量等值图,圈定了找矿预测靶区。为研究区的进一步地质找矿工作提供了重要依据。
Along with the progress of geology as well as the increase of prospecting difficulties, the traditional prospecting methods have been replaced by high-tech methods. Meanwhile, the latest prospecting theory and modern information systems are playing a more and more important role in prospecting works. Taking the mineral resource reconnaissance and the prospecting forecast as goals, modern prospecting methods can use the data of mineral resources, remote sensing, geophysical and geochemical exploration to perform information extraction, integration and analysis, in order to pick out the zones with best anomalies and thereon define the prospective mineralized area.
In this paper, southern Peru is taken as the research area where the exploration data have been collected. These data include that of geological minerals, remote sensing, the stream sediments and aeromagnetic survying, and so on. Information extraction, integration and analysis are carried out on the data, and an effective method is provided for informational searching and forecasting mineral deposits. Specific research works include:Multivariate geological data's information extraction technique, format transformation and conformity, data fusion processing, GIS spatial analysis technology and comprehensive information quota forecast of conditional probability model of the amount of information, etc.
The following are the primary achievements in this paper:
1. Remote sensing images of southern Peru were processed by means of principal components analysis and ratio transformation, so as to extract the alteration information related to metalliferous mineralization. Various data processing methods were employed to process the system sediments data to delineate geochemical anomalies. By carrying out extremely, analytic continuation processing on the aeromagnetic data, aeromagnetic anomaly information was extracted, then, according to the anomaly information, lithological character, rock mass were defined and faulted structure of the research area was inferred.
2. Based on origin and spatial relevance of the multivariate geological information, fusion processing of the remote sensing data, geochemical anomaly data, and the aeromagnetic anomaly data were carried out using the multivariate geological data fusion method, and different multivariate geological data fusion processing methods were summarized.
3. Using GIS spatial analysis techniques, the correlation among regional stratum, mineral type, intrusive rock, faulted structure, remote sensed alteration anomaly, geochemical anomaly and aeromagnetic anomaly was analyzed, and the connection of metalliferous mineralization and the above variables was concluded.
4. Through the analysis of ore prospecting advantage of multivariate geological information, the geologic variables favorable for comprehensive assessment was screened out to build information content conditional probability synthesis forecast quantification model, using the overall analysis results in this paper, mineral forecasting were performed in southern region of Peru. By drawing up the information content chronogram, prospecting targets were delineated, which laid a solid foundation for further ore prospecting in the region.
引文
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