狭长通道火灾烟气热分层及运动机制研究
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摘要
狭长通道对于现代社会的发展必不可少,如大型建筑的房间走廊、公路或者铁路隧道、矿山井巷、城市地下轨道交通等。然而,在该类狭长通道一旦发生火灾,造成的破坏往往非常严重,特别是运输繁忙的公铁路隧道,火灾易造成群死群伤,社会影响大。根据国内外狭长通道火灾事故案例可知,在狭长通道火灾中致死致伤的主要因素是有毒有害的火灾烟气,因而狭长通道火灾防控主要在于火灾烟气的防控。可燃物的种类、火源功率、通风排烟、火源位置等都能对火灾烟气产生量及烟气热分层的稳定性产生影响,这些因素的存在增加了狭长通道火灾防控的难度,而烟气热分层的稳定性对于通道火灾烟气防控、人员疏散具有重要影响。人们对于烟气热分层展开了较多的研究,但主要集中于火源远场的研究,对火源近场缺乏研究。特别的是,当通道火灾由初始阶段发展到轰燃阶段时,由轰燃导致的空气压缩波在狭长通道的来回往复运动的存在可以导致火灾烟气的脉动,这对于烟气的防控提出了更高的要求。因此,本研究选择狭长通道火灾烟气运动作为研究对象,利用自己搭建的小尺寸狭长通道实验台,研究了火源功率、纵向风对烟气热分层的稳定性影响规律,同时通过理论分析和数值实验对狭长通道火灾烟气的脉动及迁移特性进行了研究。
狭长通道火灾烟气的热分层的实验研究发现：(1)近火源区的火灾烟气热分层的层化强度及层化曲线可以很好地描述火灾热流场特性,是研究火灾热流场的有力工具。如在不同纵向风速转换前后的条件下,由低风速(低档位)向高风速(高档位)转换,层化强度先减小后趋于较为稳定,即形成热分层较弱的冷热层,由高风速(高档位)向低风速(低档位)转换,层化强度一度先增加后再趋于较为稳定；(2)不同火源功率对狭长通道火灾流场稳定区竖向热分层的层化强度有影响,但对层化强度极值影响较小,而纵向风速对热分层影响明显；(3)影响火灾热释放速率曲线的两个关键参考因素是：最大热释放速率和总能,其比值对于火源功率曲线平台期的出现具有重要影响,比值越大出现平台期的可能性越小,反之亦然。对于无纵向通风,即自然排烟状态下,火源功率对烟气热分层有一定的微弱影响,并存在一个最佳火源功率值,使得热分层最稳定,层化强度最大。
针对狭长通道火灾烟气的热振荡特性展开理论和数值实验研究。对于大功率隧道火灾,火灾轰然所产生的压缩扰动波对隧道这样狭长通道流场影响明显。通过对狭长通道火灾流场的一维近似处理,推导出本征振荡值并对Runehamar隧道实验结果进行理论分析,发现其分别为4s、18s的两次实验脉动周期与理论值较为吻合并给出可能的误差原因分析。通过三维通道数值实验,明确扰动压缩波在长为300m通道内的传播过程,发现非对称周期约为1.7s,非常接近理论值1.76s；就其对通道火灾热分层的影响,火焰高温区的厚度随着压力波而呈现非对称性周期变化；对车辆进入通道形成的压缩扰动波对临近火源点的竖向烟气热分层影响进行研究,发现车辆形成的扰动波要强于火灾轰燃形成的经过多次反射分解的压力波,车辆扰动压缩波对热分层影响明显,存在热分层受到“挤压”的现象。
借助于数值试验,对实际的一端封闭式狭长通道进行研究。针对隧道施工过程中发生火灾,为了保证现场施工人员的安全疏散,首先提出人员安全疏散的临界判据；然后根据实际的工程条件,设置相关参数及边界条件,建立物理模型,利用数值模拟软件FDS对施工隧道的火灾烟气迁移特性及规律进行研究,发现：(1)一端封闭的水平狭长通道,在只考虑纵向温度分布的情况下,通道中温度场分布呈现一定的规律：各监测点温度起变点的滞后性以及温升变化波动性等,这些与通道内风管风流搅动效应及冷却作用等具体参数及环境条件有关；各个监测点到达临界温度的温升速率是不相同的,温升速率变化与距火源距离呈现指数衰减的关系；临界温度与临界视距在各监测点测得到达的时间呈现出一定的规律性：在长为300m水平通道中,大约在距封闭端前120m,临界温度要早于临界视距出现,而此后,临界视距要早于临界温度的到来；(2)在一端封闭的狭长通道中,发现斜度对隧道中温度分布与烟气浓度变化的影响呈现一定的规律性：上向倾斜更利于烟气的流动,下向倾斜不利于烟气沿巷道纵向的运动,从而在温度变化上表现为下向倾斜温升曲线滞后于上向倾斜,在烟气浓度上表现为上向倾斜的烟气浓度曲线“跳变”早于下向倾斜；同时发现,上向倾斜对温度变化曲线与烟气浓度曲线的影响趋于一致,这可能是由于随着上向倾斜角度的增加,烟气的驱动机理发生改变而变得与斜度无关；(3)一端封闭的狭长通道斜度对达到临界温度所需时间曲线与达到临界视距所需时间曲线影响基本趋于一致,即对于距离火源较近的监测点几乎无影响,而对于距离火源较远的其他监测点,随着斜度的增加达到临界温度所需时间与达到临界视距所需时间减少；随着监测点距火源距离的变化,两曲线发生了交错与错位,两曲线交错点存在于下倾斜7.5°附近；(4)对于一端封闭的水平狭长通道火灾CO分布,总体来说,CO浓度在各个监测点的监测值都不超过400ppm；在压入式通风条件下CO浓度分布在约250s时整个分布趋于稳定,即距隧道封闭端90m之后所有隧道空间CO浓度最终趋于约为130ppm均值,同时发现在隧道前部大约90m范围内CO浓度在竖向分布呈现不稳定的层状；经过CO分布的数值模拟,可以看出CO浓度的变化规律很好的吻合烟气的运动规律,也就是说可以通过监测火灾中微量的CO浓度变化规律来揭示烟气运动规律成为可能。
总之,本文通过理论分析、小尺寸模型试验和数值实验相结合的方法,研究了狭长通道在纵向风作用下的火灾流场特性和烟气流动特性,给出了狭长通道火灾烟气的热分层强度定义并给出其在多流场边界参数作用下的动态变化的初步规律。这些结果有助于人们更深入地认识狭长通道火灾烟气运动的机理,为此类火灾防治提供科学基础。
High Aspect Ratio Channels are required in the model society. The channels, such as large building corridors, road or railway tunnels, mining laneways, and urban underground traffics and so on, are important for the social and economic development. However, the fire in the channels once takes place the fire-induced ruined situation generally is very serious, especially for busy road or railway tunnels, where more casualties will easy happen and its bad social effect is great. So, it is necessary to study how to control this type fire in enclosure with almost closed space. According to the channel fires in the world, the main factor which can result in fatal and injured is the fire-induced poison smoke. So how to control fire smoke is very important for the channel fire controlling. As the channel fire smoke, there are many affecting factors to it, such as combustible types, fire power, ventilation and exhaust fume, fire location and so on, whose effects are on the flow and thermal stratification stability of the fire smoke, and these factors increase the difficulty of the channel fire smoke controlling. The thermal stratification stability of the hot smoke is essential for the channel fire smoke controlling and personal evacuation. Lots of researches on fire smoke thermal stratification had been carried out, but these researches mainly focus on far flow field from fire source and for near fire flow field is absent. It is especially noteworthy, when the channel fire develops from the initial stage to the flashover the air compress wave from the jump of flashover will circularly move because of its reflection on the channel end. This movement will result in the pulsation or oscillation of the channel fire smoke. So this situation generally requires more serious to control the fire smoke. Thus, the fire smoke movement in High Aspect Ratio Channel was selected as the research object. The experimental study was carried out by use of a small-scale model apparatus in order to ascertain the effect of fire power and longitudinal ventilation on the stability of the fire smoke thermal stratification in the channel. Then, with theoretical study and numeral simulation, characteristic mechanism of the fire smoke pulsation in the channel was investigated here.
The small scale set-up was introduced first in the present study. Its configuration, measure methods and how to obtain experimental data and to analyze it were explained.
The experimental research of the fire smoke thermal stratification in the set-up was carried out. The effect of the different fire powers and longitudinal ventilation on the fire smoke thermal stratification during the flow field quasi-steady stage was investigated in detail in the downstream of fire source. The main conclusions include as follow:(1) By the stratification intensity and curve investigations to the fire smoke thermal stratification for near fire flow field, it shows that the stratification intensity and curve are able to characterize well the fire hot flow field. So, they are powerful tools for the fire hot flow field. Such as, under the condition of different longitudinal ventilation switch, some rules about the stratification curve were obtained. When the switch changes from low air speed (namely low shift) to high one (namely high shift) the stratification intensity firstly decreases and approaches to stability (that is to say, the no strong thermal stratification between the hot layer and cold layer comes into being); when the switch changes from high air speed (namely high shift) to low one (namely low shift) the stratification intensity once increases and approaches to stability again.(2) The present study also shows that different fire powers have minor effect on the stratification intensity of hot fire smoke vertical thermal stratification in the quasi-steady zone of the channel fire flow field. However, different longitudinal ventilation has apparently effect on the stratification intensity, especially on the pole value of the stratification intensity.(3) The fire power curve was discussed theoretically. The two key factors, which were the max heat release rate (viz. HRR) and the total energy of the channel fire, were obtained. They both can affect the shape of the fire power curve and their ratio (viz. the ratio of the max HRR and the total energy) has important effect on whether the plateau stage of the fire power curve can appear. The larger the ratio is, the less probability the fire power curve with a plateau stage is; vice versa. Under the condition of nature ventilation, the fire power has minor effect on the fire smoke thermal stratification, and there is an optimal fire power, which makes the thermal stratification become the best stability and most stratification intensity.
For the thermal oscillation character of the channel fire smoke, the theoretical analysis and numerical experiment were carried out. As the fire with big power, the air compress wave from the jump of the flashover has apparently effect on the flow field in the channel. By dealing proximately with one dimension for a channel fire flow field, its primary oscillation value was induced, and the oscillation results of the famous Runehamar tunnel fire experiment was analyzed theoretically. It was certificated that the theoretical value of the oscillation period accords well with the experimental one (viz. the period of4s and18s during the twice experiment, respectively) of the two full-scale fire investigations in the Runehamar tunnel, and the probable error analysis was given. By the numerical experiment of3dimensions channel with300m length, the movement mechanism of the flashover compress wave was ascertained. It was found that the wave asymmetry period is about1.7s, which is proximate to the channel theoretical value of1.76s. For the effect of the wave on the thermal stratification in the channel, the thickness of the hot layer near the fire changes with the asymmetry wave. Another vehicle-induced air compress wave, which has effect on the thermal stratification near the fire in the channel, was investigated. It is found that the magnitude of the vehicle-induced disturbing wave is stronger than that of the flashover-induced disturbing wave, which reflects and decomposes many times in the channel. So, the effect of the vehicle-induced disturbing wave on the thermal stratification is obvious, and the effect produces an "extrusion" phenomenon to the thermal stratification in the channel.
Through the numerical experiment, the study of the channel with one closed-end was carried out. For the fire during the tunnel being constructed (viz. the channel with one closed-end), the critical criterions on safety evacuation were firstly provided in order to protect presently the constructor in the tunnel. Then, according to the factional engineering conditions, some relative characters and boundary conditions were setup and the tunnel physical model was built. Lastly, by use of the FDS, the investigation on the fire smoke evolution in the channel with one closed-end was carried out. The main conclusions include as follow:(1) For the horizontal tunnel, the related analysis shows that, only considering the temperature along tunnel longitudinal direction, the temperature distribution complies with certain rules, that is, there are a certain lag among the temperature rising curves and their fluctuation, which is relative to the detailed tunnel parameters and ambient condition, e.g. the mixing and cooling effects of air flow from the duct open on the hot plume. At the same time, the temperature rising rate is different at various inspecting points before reaching the critical temperature.(2) The analysis also shows that the cost time required for the critical temperature and the critical visibility to arrive at these points conforms to certain rule, that is, the critical temperature appearance is prior to the critical visibility before60m point in the tunnel and reverses after60m point.(3) For the influence of the tunnel inclination on the critical temperature and the critical visibility, two key inclinations are obtained by a series of numerical simulations. For the C point there is a key slope scope, namely from-5to0degree or so and the other key slope point is approximately5degree for the E point.(4) On the whole, the CO concentrations at all inspecting points are not over400ppm, namely they are always less than the critical value of500ppm, this show that the influence of the CO concentration on the occupant safety evacuation is small for the tunnel fire. In the case of forced ventilation, the CO concentration distribution tends to steady at250s in the typical one closed-end tunnel. That is to say, at that moment, before90m the CO concentration vertical distribution presents minor steady two layers and after90m the CO concentration become relative uniformity and the constant of130ppm or so in the end. By the simulation, we can see that the regularity of the CO concentration changing is very accordance with the regularity of the smoke flow. It is possible to discover the smoke flow regularity by inspecting low CO concentration changing.
In summary, by the combine method of theoretical analysis, small-scale model and numerical experiment, the fire flow field characters and the fire-induced smoke evolution in High Aspect Ratio Channel with longitudinal ventilation were investigated here. The definition of thermal stratification intensity in the channel was given and some rules of the fire smoke movement during its dynamical state were obtained under different flow field characters. The simple disturbing theory in the channel fire was built and the law of intersection between the critical temperature and critical visibility was given. These results will be help to understand further the fire smoke movement mechanism for us and offer the science base on how to control the channel fire.
狭长通道火灾烟气的热分层的实验研究发现：(1)近火源区的火灾烟气热分层的层化强度及层化曲线可以很好地描述火灾热流场特性,是研究火灾热流场的有力工具。如在不同纵向风速转换前后的条件下,由低风速(低档位)向高风速(高档位)转换,层化强度先减小后趋于较为稳定,即形成热分层较弱的冷热层,由高风速(高档位)向低风速(低档位)转换,层化强度一度先增加后再趋于较为稳定；(2)不同火源功率对狭长通道火灾流场稳定区竖向热分层的层化强度有影响,但对层化强度极值影响较小,而纵向风速对热分层影响明显；(3)影响火灾热释放速率曲线的两个关键参考因素是：最大热释放速率和总能,其比值对于火源功率曲线平台期的出现具有重要影响,比值越大出现平台期的可能性越小,反之亦然。对于无纵向通风,即自然排烟状态下,火源功率对烟气热分层有一定的微弱影响,并存在一个最佳火源功率值,使得热分层最稳定,层化强度最大。
针对狭长通道火灾烟气的热振荡特性展开理论和数值实验研究。对于大功率隧道火灾,火灾轰然所产生的压缩扰动波对隧道这样狭长通道流场影响明显。通过对狭长通道火灾流场的一维近似处理,推导出本征振荡值并对Runehamar隧道实验结果进行理论分析,发现其分别为4s、18s的两次实验脉动周期与理论值较为吻合并给出可能的误差原因分析。通过三维通道数值实验,明确扰动压缩波在长为300m通道内的传播过程,发现非对称周期约为1.7s,非常接近理论值1.76s；就其对通道火灾热分层的影响,火焰高温区的厚度随着压力波而呈现非对称性周期变化；对车辆进入通道形成的压缩扰动波对临近火源点的竖向烟气热分层影响进行研究,发现车辆形成的扰动波要强于火灾轰燃形成的经过多次反射分解的压力波,车辆扰动压缩波对热分层影响明显,存在热分层受到“挤压”的现象。
借助于数值试验,对实际的一端封闭式狭长通道进行研究。针对隧道施工过程中发生火灾,为了保证现场施工人员的安全疏散,首先提出人员安全疏散的临界判据；然后根据实际的工程条件,设置相关参数及边界条件,建立物理模型,利用数值模拟软件FDS对施工隧道的火灾烟气迁移特性及规律进行研究,发现：(1)一端封闭的水平狭长通道,在只考虑纵向温度分布的情况下,通道中温度场分布呈现一定的规律：各监测点温度起变点的滞后性以及温升变化波动性等,这些与通道内风管风流搅动效应及冷却作用等具体参数及环境条件有关；各个监测点到达临界温度的温升速率是不相同的,温升速率变化与距火源距离呈现指数衰减的关系；临界温度与临界视距在各监测点测得到达的时间呈现出一定的规律性：在长为300m水平通道中,大约在距封闭端前120m,临界温度要早于临界视距出现,而此后,临界视距要早于临界温度的到来；(2)在一端封闭的狭长通道中,发现斜度对隧道中温度分布与烟气浓度变化的影响呈现一定的规律性：上向倾斜更利于烟气的流动,下向倾斜不利于烟气沿巷道纵向的运动,从而在温度变化上表现为下向倾斜温升曲线滞后于上向倾斜,在烟气浓度上表现为上向倾斜的烟气浓度曲线“跳变”早于下向倾斜；同时发现,上向倾斜对温度变化曲线与烟气浓度曲线的影响趋于一致,这可能是由于随着上向倾斜角度的增加,烟气的驱动机理发生改变而变得与斜度无关；(3)一端封闭的狭长通道斜度对达到临界温度所需时间曲线与达到临界视距所需时间曲线影响基本趋于一致,即对于距离火源较近的监测点几乎无影响,而对于距离火源较远的其他监测点,随着斜度的增加达到临界温度所需时间与达到临界视距所需时间减少；随着监测点距火源距离的变化,两曲线发生了交错与错位,两曲线交错点存在于下倾斜7.5°附近；(4)对于一端封闭的水平狭长通道火灾CO分布,总体来说,CO浓度在各个监测点的监测值都不超过400ppm；在压入式通风条件下CO浓度分布在约250s时整个分布趋于稳定,即距隧道封闭端90m之后所有隧道空间CO浓度最终趋于约为130ppm均值,同时发现在隧道前部大约90m范围内CO浓度在竖向分布呈现不稳定的层状；经过CO分布的数值模拟,可以看出CO浓度的变化规律很好的吻合烟气的运动规律,也就是说可以通过监测火灾中微量的CO浓度变化规律来揭示烟气运动规律成为可能。
总之,本文通过理论分析、小尺寸模型试验和数值实验相结合的方法,研究了狭长通道在纵向风作用下的火灾流场特性和烟气流动特性,给出了狭长通道火灾烟气的热分层强度定义并给出其在多流场边界参数作用下的动态变化的初步规律。这些结果有助于人们更深入地认识狭长通道火灾烟气运动的机理,为此类火灾防治提供科学基础。
High Aspect Ratio Channels are required in the model society. The channels, such as large building corridors, road or railway tunnels, mining laneways, and urban underground traffics and so on, are important for the social and economic development. However, the fire in the channels once takes place the fire-induced ruined situation generally is very serious, especially for busy road or railway tunnels, where more casualties will easy happen and its bad social effect is great. So, it is necessary to study how to control this type fire in enclosure with almost closed space. According to the channel fires in the world, the main factor which can result in fatal and injured is the fire-induced poison smoke. So how to control fire smoke is very important for the channel fire controlling. As the channel fire smoke, there are many affecting factors to it, such as combustible types, fire power, ventilation and exhaust fume, fire location and so on, whose effects are on the flow and thermal stratification stability of the fire smoke, and these factors increase the difficulty of the channel fire smoke controlling. The thermal stratification stability of the hot smoke is essential for the channel fire smoke controlling and personal evacuation. Lots of researches on fire smoke thermal stratification had been carried out, but these researches mainly focus on far flow field from fire source and for near fire flow field is absent. It is especially noteworthy, when the channel fire develops from the initial stage to the flashover the air compress wave from the jump of flashover will circularly move because of its reflection on the channel end. This movement will result in the pulsation or oscillation of the channel fire smoke. So this situation generally requires more serious to control the fire smoke. Thus, the fire smoke movement in High Aspect Ratio Channel was selected as the research object. The experimental study was carried out by use of a small-scale model apparatus in order to ascertain the effect of fire power and longitudinal ventilation on the stability of the fire smoke thermal stratification in the channel. Then, with theoretical study and numeral simulation, characteristic mechanism of the fire smoke pulsation in the channel was investigated here.
The small scale set-up was introduced first in the present study. Its configuration, measure methods and how to obtain experimental data and to analyze it were explained.
The experimental research of the fire smoke thermal stratification in the set-up was carried out. The effect of the different fire powers and longitudinal ventilation on the fire smoke thermal stratification during the flow field quasi-steady stage was investigated in detail in the downstream of fire source. The main conclusions include as follow:(1) By the stratification intensity and curve investigations to the fire smoke thermal stratification for near fire flow field, it shows that the stratification intensity and curve are able to characterize well the fire hot flow field. So, they are powerful tools for the fire hot flow field. Such as, under the condition of different longitudinal ventilation switch, some rules about the stratification curve were obtained. When the switch changes from low air speed (namely low shift) to high one (namely high shift) the stratification intensity firstly decreases and approaches to stability (that is to say, the no strong thermal stratification between the hot layer and cold layer comes into being); when the switch changes from high air speed (namely high shift) to low one (namely low shift) the stratification intensity once increases and approaches to stability again.(2) The present study also shows that different fire powers have minor effect on the stratification intensity of hot fire smoke vertical thermal stratification in the quasi-steady zone of the channel fire flow field. However, different longitudinal ventilation has apparently effect on the stratification intensity, especially on the pole value of the stratification intensity.(3) The fire power curve was discussed theoretically. The two key factors, which were the max heat release rate (viz. HRR) and the total energy of the channel fire, were obtained. They both can affect the shape of the fire power curve and their ratio (viz. the ratio of the max HRR and the total energy) has important effect on whether the plateau stage of the fire power curve can appear. The larger the ratio is, the less probability the fire power curve with a plateau stage is; vice versa. Under the condition of nature ventilation, the fire power has minor effect on the fire smoke thermal stratification, and there is an optimal fire power, which makes the thermal stratification become the best stability and most stratification intensity.
For the thermal oscillation character of the channel fire smoke, the theoretical analysis and numerical experiment were carried out. As the fire with big power, the air compress wave from the jump of the flashover has apparently effect on the flow field in the channel. By dealing proximately with one dimension for a channel fire flow field, its primary oscillation value was induced, and the oscillation results of the famous Runehamar tunnel fire experiment was analyzed theoretically. It was certificated that the theoretical value of the oscillation period accords well with the experimental one (viz. the period of4s and18s during the twice experiment, respectively) of the two full-scale fire investigations in the Runehamar tunnel, and the probable error analysis was given. By the numerical experiment of3dimensions channel with300m length, the movement mechanism of the flashover compress wave was ascertained. It was found that the wave asymmetry period is about1.7s, which is proximate to the channel theoretical value of1.76s. For the effect of the wave on the thermal stratification in the channel, the thickness of the hot layer near the fire changes with the asymmetry wave. Another vehicle-induced air compress wave, which has effect on the thermal stratification near the fire in the channel, was investigated. It is found that the magnitude of the vehicle-induced disturbing wave is stronger than that of the flashover-induced disturbing wave, which reflects and decomposes many times in the channel. So, the effect of the vehicle-induced disturbing wave on the thermal stratification is obvious, and the effect produces an "extrusion" phenomenon to the thermal stratification in the channel.
Through the numerical experiment, the study of the channel with one closed-end was carried out. For the fire during the tunnel being constructed (viz. the channel with one closed-end), the critical criterions on safety evacuation were firstly provided in order to protect presently the constructor in the tunnel. Then, according to the factional engineering conditions, some relative characters and boundary conditions were setup and the tunnel physical model was built. Lastly, by use of the FDS, the investigation on the fire smoke evolution in the channel with one closed-end was carried out. The main conclusions include as follow:(1) For the horizontal tunnel, the related analysis shows that, only considering the temperature along tunnel longitudinal direction, the temperature distribution complies with certain rules, that is, there are a certain lag among the temperature rising curves and their fluctuation, which is relative to the detailed tunnel parameters and ambient condition, e.g. the mixing and cooling effects of air flow from the duct open on the hot plume. At the same time, the temperature rising rate is different at various inspecting points before reaching the critical temperature.(2) The analysis also shows that the cost time required for the critical temperature and the critical visibility to arrive at these points conforms to certain rule, that is, the critical temperature appearance is prior to the critical visibility before60m point in the tunnel and reverses after60m point.(3) For the influence of the tunnel inclination on the critical temperature and the critical visibility, two key inclinations are obtained by a series of numerical simulations. For the C point there is a key slope scope, namely from-5to0degree or so and the other key slope point is approximately5degree for the E point.(4) On the whole, the CO concentrations at all inspecting points are not over400ppm, namely they are always less than the critical value of500ppm, this show that the influence of the CO concentration on the occupant safety evacuation is small for the tunnel fire. In the case of forced ventilation, the CO concentration distribution tends to steady at250s in the typical one closed-end tunnel. That is to say, at that moment, before90m the CO concentration vertical distribution presents minor steady two layers and after90m the CO concentration become relative uniformity and the constant of130ppm or so in the end. By the simulation, we can see that the regularity of the CO concentration changing is very accordance with the regularity of the smoke flow. It is possible to discover the smoke flow regularity by inspecting low CO concentration changing.
In summary, by the combine method of theoretical analysis, small-scale model and numerical experiment, the fire flow field characters and the fire-induced smoke evolution in High Aspect Ratio Channel with longitudinal ventilation were investigated here. The definition of thermal stratification intensity in the channel was given and some rules of the fire smoke movement during its dynamical state were obtained under different flow field characters. The simple disturbing theory in the channel fire was built and the law of intersection between the critical temperature and critical visibility was given. These results will be help to understand further the fire smoke movement mechanism for us and offer the science base on how to control the channel fire.
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