类土质边坡特性及其锚固设计理论研究
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摘要
本文对类土质边坡的性质、锚固特性及其锚固边坡稳定性计算方法进行了系统研究:首先通过大量的现场调研,完善了类土质边坡的地质模型,给出了该类边坡的分类和破坏方式及破坏机理;对锚索加固边坡的离心相似模型进行了研究:在离心模型试验中对锚索预应力进行了测量,通过离心模型试验对锚索预应力的扩散进行了研究;通过现场试验与离心模型试验相结合,对锚索框架的受力模式进行了研究;对预应力锚索加固边坡的稳定性计算方法分锚固体与坡体的耦合和解耦两个阶段进行了研究;最后采用FLAC~(3D)拉格朗日元对类土质边坡锚固效应、锚索预应力的损失、框架梁的内力分布及类土质边坡的开挖效应进行了数值模拟研究。取得了以下主要结论和成果:
(1) 完善了类土质边坡的概念,认为类土质边坡为“由岩体风化而成的保留或部分继承了原岩的结构面等其它岩体特征且未经二次堆积的土体物质或破碎岩体物质构成,稳定特性明显区别于均质土边坡及岩质边坡的一类边坡”。并将类土质边坡按风化前原岩的软硬程度及其组合情况划分为三种类型:软岩全～强风化边坡、软硬岩相间的全～强风化边坡、硬岩全～强风化边坡。分析了类土质边坡的破坏方式及破坏机理。
(2) 系统地研究了预应力锚索框架加固类土质边坡的离心相似模型,为此类试验提供了理论依据。研究了离心模型试验中锚索力及框架弯矩、锚固力自坡面向坡体内传递规律的测试方法。通过花岗岩残积土边坡的离心模型试验研究,得出在无结构面时,边坡的坡角与极限边坡高度的关系与马斯洛夫给出粗粒土边坡的坡度与稳定坡高的关系基本一致,可以用马斯洛夫方法指导此种边坡的设计。
(3) 在研究现有锚固段锚土界面模型的基础上,阐述了基于锚固段土体位移的交界面模型,随着锚固力的逐渐增大,锚固段土体位移可以分为三个阶段:土体颗粒间的相对移动,土体的剪切应变,土体的整体移动。以此模型为基础,分析了锚固预应力损失的机理。
(4) 针对无框架和有框架两种情况,分别推导了锚固力的传递范围,为锚索间距的大小提供了依据。并进行了离心模型试验及现
Centrifugal model experiments and field tests are put forward in the paper to synthetically study the characters of soil similar slope and its reactivities to anchor cables.The geologic model, categories, failure modes and collapse mechanism of soil similar slope are brought forward. Centrifugal models of Reinforced slope by prestressing anchor calbes are studied and devised. The tensile force in anchor cables is measured for the first time in centrifugal during running of centrifuger, and on the base of the measuring, the diffuse of the tensile force in the slope is studied. The frame-characters and odditional internal stress under anchor force are studied and calculated basing centrifugal model experiments and field tests. The analysis of slope stability is divided up into two moments respectively named coupling moment and releasing moment from coupling. The research work involves several aspect as follows:l.The concept of soil similar slope has been sophisticated.According to the formation of the slope medium, soil similar slope are categorized into three kinds,that is completely weathered or strongly weathered soft rock slope, completely weathered or strongly weathered hard rock interphase with soft rock slope and completely weathered or strongly weathered hard rock slope. The failure modes and collapse mechanism of soil similar slope are brought forward.2.The mathematical model of reinforced slope by anchor cable frames in centrifugal test has been advanced, which will provide academic theory. The measuring of strain in cable, bending moment in spar, diffuse of tensile force in slope are accomplished. Basing above, by centrifugal model tests, the collapse oderliness of weathered granite slope is discovered that the obliquity and height of a slope are fit for Masilofu equation which can be used for the design of the kind of slope.3.A new anchor-soil interface model has been put forward in which the displacement of the soil near the interface plays a important
role.basing the studying on the existed models. The displacement of the soil in anchored segment has different moments as follow: relative displacemen of particles, shearing strain and macroscopical displacement. And the decrease mechanism of tentile force in cables is analyzed.4. The diffuse area of anchorage force applied by anchor cable and anchor cable frame is respectively calculated.The results suggest reasonable intervals of cables. Centrifugal model tests were carried out, and the collected data almost agree with the calculated results.5. The mechanisms of reinforcing similar siil slopes by prestressed anchor cable sash(beam)are studied by the method of combination of field test and centrifugal modes test, theory analysis. As a result, the calculational pattern of internal ofrce of anchor cable beam is put forward. The new calculational pattern can optimized the design of anchor cable beam.6. The analysis of slope stability is divided up into two moments respectively named coupling moment and releasing moment from coupling.The formula about slope stability in coupling moment has been brought out considering that the action spot of anchorage force is on slope surface. And the stabilty in releasing moment, the displacements of soil along the slide surface are put great emphasis on. The calculation method of the sheraing force between the paste and soil is put forward.7.The example has make a conclusion that the existing calculation methods of slope stability gives a smaller stability factor, and then they will result in a larger investment.The paper involves several innovations as follow: The concept of soil similar slope has been sophisticated, and according to the formation of the slope medium, soil similar slope are categorized into three kinds. Centrifugal model test is used to synthetically study the slopes reinforced by anchor cable and cable beam for the first time. On the base of the data from field tests and centrifugal tests, the new calculation methods about slope stability and interval force of beam are
(1) 完善了类土质边坡的概念,认为类土质边坡为“由岩体风化而成的保留或部分继承了原岩的结构面等其它岩体特征且未经二次堆积的土体物质或破碎岩体物质构成,稳定特性明显区别于均质土边坡及岩质边坡的一类边坡”。并将类土质边坡按风化前原岩的软硬程度及其组合情况划分为三种类型:软岩全～强风化边坡、软硬岩相间的全～强风化边坡、硬岩全～强风化边坡。分析了类土质边坡的破坏方式及破坏机理。
(2) 系统地研究了预应力锚索框架加固类土质边坡的离心相似模型,为此类试验提供了理论依据。研究了离心模型试验中锚索力及框架弯矩、锚固力自坡面向坡体内传递规律的测试方法。通过花岗岩残积土边坡的离心模型试验研究,得出在无结构面时,边坡的坡角与极限边坡高度的关系与马斯洛夫给出粗粒土边坡的坡度与稳定坡高的关系基本一致,可以用马斯洛夫方法指导此种边坡的设计。
(3) 在研究现有锚固段锚土界面模型的基础上,阐述了基于锚固段土体位移的交界面模型,随着锚固力的逐渐增大,锚固段土体位移可以分为三个阶段:土体颗粒间的相对移动,土体的剪切应变,土体的整体移动。以此模型为基础,分析了锚固预应力损失的机理。
(4) 针对无框架和有框架两种情况,分别推导了锚固力的传递范围,为锚索间距的大小提供了依据。并进行了离心模型试验及现
Centrifugal model experiments and field tests are put forward in the paper to synthetically study the characters of soil similar slope and its reactivities to anchor cables.The geologic model, categories, failure modes and collapse mechanism of soil similar slope are brought forward. Centrifugal models of Reinforced slope by prestressing anchor calbes are studied and devised. The tensile force in anchor cables is measured for the first time in centrifugal during running of centrifuger, and on the base of the measuring, the diffuse of the tensile force in the slope is studied. The frame-characters and odditional internal stress under anchor force are studied and calculated basing centrifugal model experiments and field tests. The analysis of slope stability is divided up into two moments respectively named coupling moment and releasing moment from coupling. The research work involves several aspect as follows:l.The concept of soil similar slope has been sophisticated.According to the formation of the slope medium, soil similar slope are categorized into three kinds,that is completely weathered or strongly weathered soft rock slope, completely weathered or strongly weathered hard rock interphase with soft rock slope and completely weathered or strongly weathered hard rock slope. The failure modes and collapse mechanism of soil similar slope are brought forward.2.The mathematical model of reinforced slope by anchor cable frames in centrifugal test has been advanced, which will provide academic theory. The measuring of strain in cable, bending moment in spar, diffuse of tensile force in slope are accomplished. Basing above, by centrifugal model tests, the collapse oderliness of weathered granite slope is discovered that the obliquity and height of a slope are fit for Masilofu equation which can be used for the design of the kind of slope.3.A new anchor-soil interface model has been put forward in which the displacement of the soil near the interface plays a important
role.basing the studying on the existed models. The displacement of the soil in anchored segment has different moments as follow: relative displacemen of particles, shearing strain and macroscopical displacement. And the decrease mechanism of tentile force in cables is analyzed.4. The diffuse area of anchorage force applied by anchor cable and anchor cable frame is respectively calculated.The results suggest reasonable intervals of cables. Centrifugal model tests were carried out, and the collected data almost agree with the calculated results.5. The mechanisms of reinforcing similar siil slopes by prestressed anchor cable sash(beam)are studied by the method of combination of field test and centrifugal modes test, theory analysis. As a result, the calculational pattern of internal ofrce of anchor cable beam is put forward. The new calculational pattern can optimized the design of anchor cable beam.6. The analysis of slope stability is divided up into two moments respectively named coupling moment and releasing moment from coupling.The formula about slope stability in coupling moment has been brought out considering that the action spot of anchorage force is on slope surface. And the stabilty in releasing moment, the displacements of soil along the slide surface are put great emphasis on. The calculation method of the sheraing force between the paste and soil is put forward.7.The example has make a conclusion that the existing calculation methods of slope stability gives a smaller stability factor, and then they will result in a larger investment.The paper involves several innovations as follow: The concept of soil similar slope has been sophisticated, and according to the formation of the slope medium, soil similar slope are categorized into three kinds. Centrifugal model test is used to synthetically study the slopes reinforced by anchor cable and cable beam for the first time. On the base of the data from field tests and centrifugal tests, the new calculation methods about slope stability and interval force of beam are
引文
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