不同驱油体系对不同非均质油藏适应性研究
|
摘要
论文首先对BS甜菜碱表面活性剂和重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂SY的界面特性进行了系统研究,研究结果表明:无碱条件下BS甜菜碱表面活性剂在较宽浓度范围内均可形成10-3mN/m数量级的超低界面张力;BS甜菜碱表面活性剂溶液中加入适量的磷酸钠作为牺牲剂,能使油水界面达到最低界面张力和平衡界面张力的速度更快,且磷酸钠选择适当的浓度也能起到降低油水界面张力的效果;重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂SY单独体系无法使油水界面张力达到10-3mN/m数量级的超低界面张力,在体系中加入适量的强碱可使油水界面形成超低界面张力。通过界面张力测定及室内驱油物理模拟实验研究出驱油所采用的具有较低界面张力的体系配方:弱碱三元(BS0.3%+不同浓度聚合物+ Na3PO40.4%)0.35PV、强碱三元(SY0.3%+不同浓度聚合物+NaOH1.0%)0.35PV,无碱二元体系配方为(BS0.3%+不同浓度聚合物)0.35PV,单独聚合物驱油体系配方为不同浓度聚合物0.35PV(后续保护段塞0.2PV,粘度为主段塞一半)。在上述研究基础上,本文重点分别在变异系数和渗透率相同的条件下,通过室内驱油物理模拟实验,研究不同驱油体系对不同非均质油藏的适应性。对上述驱油体系进行了驱油效果评价,并对各驱油体系驱油效果的影响因素进行了详尽阐述,研究结果表明:等黏条件下,强碱三元复合体系与加入少量磷酸钠作为牺牲剂的复合驱油体系采收率提高幅度基本相当,驱油效果最好。无碱二元复合驱油体系也有较好的驱油效果,单一聚合物驱采收率相对较低;等聚合物浓度条件下,磷酸钠三元复合驱油体系驱油效果最好,无碱二元复合驱油体系驱油效果与强碱三元复合驱效果相当,单一聚合物驱驱油效果相对较差;渗透率、变异系数和体系黏度是影响驱油效果的三个重要因素,各驱油体系化学驱采收率随渗透率和体系黏度增大而增大,随变异系数增大而先增后降,变异系数为0.72时,化学驱采收率最高。变异系数较大时相对的提高驱油体系的黏度可以实现较好的流度控制,依然可以达到较好的驱油效果。
The paper first had conducted the system research to the interface behaviour of betaine surfactant BS and the heavy aklyl benzenes sulfonate surfacant SY and had given the different displacement system's formula.The result showed that:The BS betaine surfactant may form the ultra lower interfacial tension of 10-3mN/m magnitude in wide concentration range under nonalkali condition;The right amount sodium phosphate was joined in the BS surfactant solution to take the sacrifice medicinal preparation which could faster the speed to achieve the most lower interfacial tension and the balance interfacial tension in water-oil interface and the suitabl concentration sodium phosphate could reduce the water-oil interfacial tention.The independent system of heavy aklyl benzenes sulfonate surfactant SY was unable to reach the ultra lower interfacial tention of 10-3mN/m magnitude,joining the right amount strong alkali in the system,the water-oil interfaicial tension could reach ultra low.Through the interfacial tension determination and the indoor physical analogue displacement experiment we could make out the displacement system’s formula having ultra lower interfacial tension:The weak alkali ternary compound floodingsystem’s formula was(BS 0.3% + different concentrated polymer +Na3PO40.4%)0.35PV,the SY strong alkaliternary compound flooding system’s formula was (SY 0.3% + different concentrated polymer +NaOH1.0%)0.35PV,no-alkalibinary system’s formula was(BS 0.3% + different concentrated polymer)0.35PV and the formula of independent polymer system was different concentrated polymer 0.35PV (the viscosity of following protection plug was half of the primarily plug,0.2PV).At the base of research had maken,this article mainly studied the compatibility of different displacement system to different heterogeneous deposit under the same coefficient of variation and permeability through indoor physical analogue displacement experiment.Appraisal of displacement characteristics was carried on to above displacement system,and effecting factors of displacement characteristics of each displacement system were elaborated in details.The result of research showed that: Under the same viscosity the SY strong alkali ternary compound flooding system had the equivalent recovery compared with the BS surfactant sodium phosphate flooding system .The BS betaine surfactant compound flooding system had strong ability to enhancing the recovery,the flooding driving efficiency of highly concentrated polymer solution was not well. Under the same polymer density conditions, the BS surfactant sodium phosphate flooding system had the best recovery, the SY strong alkali ternary compound flooding system had the equivalent recovery compared with the BS surfactant flooding system ,the flooding driving efficiency of highly concentrated polymer solution was bad. The permeability,the coefficient of variation and system’s viscosity were three important factors affect the displacement characteristics,the recovery ratio of various displacement system increased along with the permeability and system’s viscosity increasing and first increased along with the coefficient of variation increasing and then reduced.When the coefficient of variation was 0.72, chemistry drives the recovery ratio was highest.When the coefficient of variation was big,relative enhanced the viscosity of displacement system could realize the good mobility control,still may achieve the good displacement characteristics.
The paper first had conducted the system research to the interface behaviour of betaine surfactant BS and the heavy aklyl benzenes sulfonate surfacant SY and had given the different displacement system's formula.The result showed that:The BS betaine surfactant may form the ultra lower interfacial tension of 10-3mN/m magnitude in wide concentration range under nonalkali condition;The right amount sodium phosphate was joined in the BS surfactant solution to take the sacrifice medicinal preparation which could faster the speed to achieve the most lower interfacial tension and the balance interfacial tension in water-oil interface and the suitabl concentration sodium phosphate could reduce the water-oil interfacial tention.The independent system of heavy aklyl benzenes sulfonate surfactant SY was unable to reach the ultra lower interfacial tention of 10-3mN/m magnitude,joining the right amount strong alkali in the system,the water-oil interfaicial tension could reach ultra low.Through the interfacial tension determination and the indoor physical analogue displacement experiment we could make out the displacement system’s formula having ultra lower interfacial tension:The weak alkali ternary compound floodingsystem’s formula was(BS 0.3% + different concentrated polymer +Na3PO40.4%)0.35PV,the SY strong alkaliternary compound flooding system’s formula was (SY 0.3% + different concentrated polymer +NaOH1.0%)0.35PV,no-alkalibinary system’s formula was(BS 0.3% + different concentrated polymer)0.35PV and the formula of independent polymer system was different concentrated polymer 0.35PV (the viscosity of following protection plug was half of the primarily plug,0.2PV).At the base of research had maken,this article mainly studied the compatibility of different displacement system to different heterogeneous deposit under the same coefficient of variation and permeability through indoor physical analogue displacement experiment.Appraisal of displacement characteristics was carried on to above displacement system,and effecting factors of displacement characteristics of each displacement system were elaborated in details.The result of research showed that: Under the same viscosity the SY strong alkali ternary compound flooding system had the equivalent recovery compared with the BS surfactant sodium phosphate flooding system .The BS betaine surfactant compound flooding system had strong ability to enhancing the recovery,the flooding driving efficiency of highly concentrated polymer solution was not well. Under the same polymer density conditions, the BS surfactant sodium phosphate flooding system had the best recovery, the SY strong alkali ternary compound flooding system had the equivalent recovery compared with the BS surfactant flooding system ,the flooding driving efficiency of highly concentrated polymer solution was bad. The permeability,the coefficient of variation and system’s viscosity were three important factors affect the displacement characteristics,the recovery ratio of various displacement system increased along with the permeability and system’s viscosity increasing and first increased along with the coefficient of variation increasing and then reduced.When the coefficient of variation was 0.72, chemistry drives the recovery ratio was highest.When the coefficient of variation was big,relative enhanced the viscosity of displacement system could realize the good mobility control,still may achieve the good displacement characteristics.
引文
[1]王德民,程杰成,杨清彦.粘弹性聚合物溶液提高微观驱油效率德机理研究[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):45~51.
[2]李险峰,赵得禄.含HPAM的复合驱溶液流变性研究[J].油田化学,1997,14(4):366~368.
[3]张宏方,王德民,王立军.聚合物溶液在多孔介质中的渗流规律及提高驱油效率的机理[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2002,26(1):48~51.
[4]张宏方,王德民,王立军.不同类型聚合物溶液在多孔介质中的渗流规律研究[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(5):72~75.
[5] R.JMarshall,A.B.Metzner.Flow of Viscoelastic Fluids Through Porous Media[J].I&EC Fundamentals,1967,6(3):393~400.
[6] Wang Demin,Cheng Jiecheng,et al.Viscous-elastic Polymer can increase micro scale displacement efficiency in cores[J].SPE63227,2000:1~10.
[7] Liang Jin and G.S.Penny,Dimensionless Methods for the Study of Particle Settling in Non-Neonian Fluids[J].Stim-Lab Inc.SPE28563.
[8]陈淦.发展三次采油的战略意义及政策要求[J].油气采收率技术,1997,4(4):1~6.
[9]李干佐,房秀敏.表面活性剂在能源和选矿工业中的应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002,79~80.
[10]刘玉章,吕西辉.胜利油田用化学法提高原油采收率的探索与实践[J].油气采收率技术,1994,I(1):25~28.
[11]孙新春,向湘兴.环烷酸盐作为ASP驱油体系中表面活性剂的研究[J].新疆石油科技,1997,7(2):54~59.
[12]黄宏度.直接制备(不磺化)驱油用活性剂[J].油田化学,1987,4(3):191.
[13]李佩军,王雪丽.重烷基苯磺酸的生产、性能及应用[J].日用化学工业1998,(S):3~6.
[14]崔正刚,张天林,邹文华等.重烷基苯磺酸盐的合成及其在提高石油采收率中的应用研究[J].表面活性剂/洗涤剂技术与经济进展,1998:95~102.
[15]吴文祥,闫伟,刘春德.磺基甜菜碱BS11的界面特性研究[J].油田化学,2007,24(1):57~59.
[16] Clark,S R et al.Design and application of an alkaline-surfactant-polymer recovery System to the west Kiehl Field[C].Paper SPE 17538 presented at the 1988 SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting,Casper,WY,May 11~23.
[17] Song,W.et a1.Alkaline/surfactant/polymer combination flooding for improving recovery of the oil with High Acid Value[C].Paper SPE 29905 presented at the 1995 InternationalMeeling on Petroleum Engineering,Beijing,PR China Novl 14~17.
[18] Gogarty W B,Olson R W.Use of microemulsions in miscible-type oil recovery procedure[P].US Patent3,254,714.June 7,1966.
[19] Gale W W, Puerto M C,Ashcraft T L et al.Propoxylated ethoxylated surfactants and method of recovering oil therewith[P].US Patent 4,293,428.Oct.6,1981.
[20]沈平平.大幅度提高石油采收率的基础研究[J].中国基础科学,2003,(2):9~14.
[21] Wang,D.et al.An alkaline/ surfactant/ polymer field test in a reservoir with a long-term 100%water cut[C].Paper SPE 49018 presented at the 1998 SPE Annual Technical Conferenc and Exehibition,New Orleans,LA,Sept127~30.
[22] Wang,D.et al.Summary of ASP pilots in Daqing Oil Field[C].taper Sfh,57288 presented at the1999 SPE Asia Pacific Improved Oil Recovery Conference,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia,Oct:25~28. [23 ]程杰成,廖广志,杨振宇等.大庆油田三元复合驱矿场试验综述[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):45~49.
[24]张景存.三次采油[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:39~46.
[25]伍晓林,陈坚,伦世仪.开发天然羧酸盐在油田中的应用[J].日用化学工业,2000(22):48~51.
[26] Y.P.Zhu,A.Masuyama.preparation and properties of double-or triple-chain surfactants wit twosulfonate groups derived From N-acylidiethanolamines[J].J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc. 1991(68):539~513.
[27]王景良.三元复合驱用石油磺酸盐表面活性剂研究进展[J].国外油田工程.2000(12):l~5.
[28] P.D.Berger,C.H.Lee.Ultra-low concentration for sandstone and limestone floods[C].SPE 75186,2002:25~30.
[29]单希林,康万利,孙洪彦等.烷醇酰胺型表面活性剂的合成及在EOR中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(1):32~34.
[30]王业飞,李继勇,赵福麟.高矿化度条件下表面活性剂驱油体系[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(1):67~69.
[31]吴文祥,张洪亮,侯吉瑞等.ASP三元复合体系/大庆原油间的动态界面张力特性[J].大庆石油学院学报,1995,19(1):119~122.
[32] Hongdu Huang,Youzhen Yang,et al.Preparation of Petroleum Carboxylate for Tertiary Oil Recovery[R].Proceedings of Fouth Asian Chemical Congress,Bei jing:1991,P.158.
[33]康万利,吴文祥,宋文玲等.石油羧酸盐及其复配体系/大庆原油间的界面张力[J].大庆石油学院学报,1997,19C(1):123~127.
[34] Gao Shutang,Li Huabing,Li Hongfu.Laboratory Investigation of Combination of Alkaline/Surfacant/Polymer Technology for Daqing Enhanced oil Recovery[C].SPE27631,1995.
[35]李华斌,吴文祥.ASP三元复合驱油层适应性研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2000(6):25~27.
[36] Hodyson P K G,et al.Alkyl ethoxy-ethane,tow techniques for improving SAntetic conversions[J].JAOCS,1990,67(1L):730~732.
[37]赵福麟.羧甲基型的非离子-阴离子表面活性剂与石油磺酸盐的混合[J].石油大学学报,1996,20(4):52~55.
[38]吴文祥,张玉丰,胡锦强等.聚合物及表面活性剂二元复合体系驱油物理模拟实验[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(6):98~100.
[39]张路,罗澜.油相性质对水相中表面活性剂的协同效应的影响[J].2000 ,17(3):268~271.
[40] Burdyn R F,Chang H L,Cook EL,et al.Oil Recovery by Alka1ine/Surfactant Water flooding[P].DE 3822831,1990.
[41] Burdyn R F,Chang H L,Cook EL,et al.Oil Recovery by /Alka1ine-Surfactant Water flooding [P].DE 3822831, 1990.
[42] Huang Hongdu. Ultralow.Oil-water IFTs using neutualized oxidized hydrocarbon: as Surfactants [J].JAOCS, 1990, 67 (6):406~441.
[43]郭东红,张雅琴,崔晓红等.三次采油用重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的应用[J].应用化学,2003,4(6):1~3.
[44]杨普华,杨承志译.化学驱提高石油采收率[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988:43~53.
[45]卢祥国,戚连庆,牛金刚.大庆油田低活性剂浓度三元符合驱实验研究[J].石油学报.2002,23(5):59~63.
[46]沈平平,袁士义,邓宝荣等.非均质油藏化学驱波及效率和驱替效率的作用[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):54~59.
[47]卢祥国,高振环,宋合龙等.人造岩心渗透率影响因素试验研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1994,13(4):25~27.
[48] Maser-El-Din HA,Tayor K C.Interfacial behavior of crude oil/alkali SAstem in the presentof partially hydrolysed poly-acrylamide[J].Colloidssurfaces A:Physicochem. Eng, Aspects,1993,75(1):169~183.
[2]李险峰,赵得禄.含HPAM的复合驱溶液流变性研究[J].油田化学,1997,14(4):366~368.
[3]张宏方,王德民,王立军.聚合物溶液在多孔介质中的渗流规律及提高驱油效率的机理[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2002,26(1):48~51.
[4]张宏方,王德民,王立军.不同类型聚合物溶液在多孔介质中的渗流规律研究[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(5):72~75.
[5] R.JMarshall,A.B.Metzner.Flow of Viscoelastic Fluids Through Porous Media[J].I&EC Fundamentals,1967,6(3):393~400.
[6] Wang Demin,Cheng Jiecheng,et al.Viscous-elastic Polymer can increase micro scale displacement efficiency in cores[J].SPE63227,2000:1~10.
[7] Liang Jin and G.S.Penny,Dimensionless Methods for the Study of Particle Settling in Non-Neonian Fluids[J].Stim-Lab Inc.SPE28563.
[8]陈淦.发展三次采油的战略意义及政策要求[J].油气采收率技术,1997,4(4):1~6.
[9]李干佐,房秀敏.表面活性剂在能源和选矿工业中的应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002,79~80.
[10]刘玉章,吕西辉.胜利油田用化学法提高原油采收率的探索与实践[J].油气采收率技术,1994,I(1):25~28.
[11]孙新春,向湘兴.环烷酸盐作为ASP驱油体系中表面活性剂的研究[J].新疆石油科技,1997,7(2):54~59.
[12]黄宏度.直接制备(不磺化)驱油用活性剂[J].油田化学,1987,4(3):191.
[13]李佩军,王雪丽.重烷基苯磺酸的生产、性能及应用[J].日用化学工业1998,(S):3~6.
[14]崔正刚,张天林,邹文华等.重烷基苯磺酸盐的合成及其在提高石油采收率中的应用研究[J].表面活性剂/洗涤剂技术与经济进展,1998:95~102.
[15]吴文祥,闫伟,刘春德.磺基甜菜碱BS11的界面特性研究[J].油田化学,2007,24(1):57~59.
[16] Clark,S R et al.Design and application of an alkaline-surfactant-polymer recovery System to the west Kiehl Field[C].Paper SPE 17538 presented at the 1988 SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting,Casper,WY,May 11~23.
[17] Song,W.et a1.Alkaline/surfactant/polymer combination flooding for improving recovery of the oil with High Acid Value[C].Paper SPE 29905 presented at the 1995 InternationalMeeling on Petroleum Engineering,Beijing,PR China Novl 14~17.
[18] Gogarty W B,Olson R W.Use of microemulsions in miscible-type oil recovery procedure[P].US Patent3,254,714.June 7,1966.
[19] Gale W W, Puerto M C,Ashcraft T L et al.Propoxylated ethoxylated surfactants and method of recovering oil therewith[P].US Patent 4,293,428.Oct.6,1981.
[20]沈平平.大幅度提高石油采收率的基础研究[J].中国基础科学,2003,(2):9~14.
[21] Wang,D.et al.An alkaline/ surfactant/ polymer field test in a reservoir with a long-term 100%water cut[C].Paper SPE 49018 presented at the 1998 SPE Annual Technical Conferenc and Exehibition,New Orleans,LA,Sept127~30.
[22] Wang,D.et al.Summary of ASP pilots in Daqing Oil Field[C].taper Sfh,57288 presented at the1999 SPE Asia Pacific Improved Oil Recovery Conference,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia,Oct:25~28. [23 ]程杰成,廖广志,杨振宇等.大庆油田三元复合驱矿场试验综述[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):45~49.
[24]张景存.三次采油[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:39~46.
[25]伍晓林,陈坚,伦世仪.开发天然羧酸盐在油田中的应用[J].日用化学工业,2000(22):48~51.
[26] Y.P.Zhu,A.Masuyama.preparation and properties of double-or triple-chain surfactants wit twosulfonate groups derived From N-acylidiethanolamines[J].J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc. 1991(68):539~513.
[27]王景良.三元复合驱用石油磺酸盐表面活性剂研究进展[J].国外油田工程.2000(12):l~5.
[28] P.D.Berger,C.H.Lee.Ultra-low concentration for sandstone and limestone floods[C].SPE 75186,2002:25~30.
[29]单希林,康万利,孙洪彦等.烷醇酰胺型表面活性剂的合成及在EOR中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(1):32~34.
[30]王业飞,李继勇,赵福麟.高矿化度条件下表面活性剂驱油体系[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(1):67~69.
[31]吴文祥,张洪亮,侯吉瑞等.ASP三元复合体系/大庆原油间的动态界面张力特性[J].大庆石油学院学报,1995,19(1):119~122.
[32] Hongdu Huang,Youzhen Yang,et al.Preparation of Petroleum Carboxylate for Tertiary Oil Recovery[R].Proceedings of Fouth Asian Chemical Congress,Bei jing:1991,P.158.
[33]康万利,吴文祥,宋文玲等.石油羧酸盐及其复配体系/大庆原油间的界面张力[J].大庆石油学院学报,1997,19C(1):123~127.
[34] Gao Shutang,Li Huabing,Li Hongfu.Laboratory Investigation of Combination of Alkaline/Surfacant/Polymer Technology for Daqing Enhanced oil Recovery[C].SPE27631,1995.
[35]李华斌,吴文祥.ASP三元复合驱油层适应性研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2000(6):25~27.
[36] Hodyson P K G,et al.Alkyl ethoxy-ethane,tow techniques for improving SAntetic conversions[J].JAOCS,1990,67(1L):730~732.
[37]赵福麟.羧甲基型的非离子-阴离子表面活性剂与石油磺酸盐的混合[J].石油大学学报,1996,20(4):52~55.
[38]吴文祥,张玉丰,胡锦强等.聚合物及表面活性剂二元复合体系驱油物理模拟实验[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(6):98~100.
[39]张路,罗澜.油相性质对水相中表面活性剂的协同效应的影响[J].2000 ,17(3):268~271.
[40] Burdyn R F,Chang H L,Cook EL,et al.Oil Recovery by Alka1ine/Surfactant Water flooding[P].DE 3822831,1990.
[41] Burdyn R F,Chang H L,Cook EL,et al.Oil Recovery by /Alka1ine-Surfactant Water flooding [P].DE 3822831, 1990.
[42] Huang Hongdu. Ultralow.Oil-water IFTs using neutualized oxidized hydrocarbon: as Surfactants [J].JAOCS, 1990, 67 (6):406~441.
[43]郭东红,张雅琴,崔晓红等.三次采油用重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的应用[J].应用化学,2003,4(6):1~3.
[44]杨普华,杨承志译.化学驱提高石油采收率[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988:43~53.
[45]卢祥国,戚连庆,牛金刚.大庆油田低活性剂浓度三元符合驱实验研究[J].石油学报.2002,23(5):59~63.
[46]沈平平,袁士义,邓宝荣等.非均质油藏化学驱波及效率和驱替效率的作用[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):54~59.
[47]卢祥国,高振环,宋合龙等.人造岩心渗透率影响因素试验研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1994,13(4):25~27.
[48] Maser-El-Din HA,Tayor K C.Interfacial behavior of crude oil/alkali SAstem in the presentof partially hydrolysed poly-acrylamide[J].Colloidssurfaces A:Physicochem. Eng, Aspects,1993,75(1):169~183.