铜坑矿细脉带矿体特大事故隐患区治理研究
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摘要
铜坑锡矿是华锡集团有限责任公司的一个主体矿山,随着矿山开采的不断深入,开采技术条件日趋复杂。浅部细脉带矿体矿石自燃所导致的资源损失以及地下开采所形成的大量采空区严重制约了矿山的生产与发展。为了充分利用有限的矿产资源,保障井下作业人员与设备安全及保护矿山环境,采取积极有效的措施进行矿山火区事故隐患区及空区地压灾害的治理对实现矿山可持续发展具有重要意义。
本文以铜坑矿细脉带矿体为研究对象,针对如何治理矿山事故隐患问题开展研究,主要研究内容如下:
(1)以矿区的工程地质条件为基础,分析了矿山围岩特性和开采技术条件,研究了矿体发火机理,提出了有效的灭火方法。根据矿山现存空区的分布,结合地压的监测资料与地表塌陷情况,分析出危险区范围,进行采空区稳定性数值模拟与分析。
(2)根据细脉带矿体的开采历史背景及铜坑矿三大矿体赋存的特殊情况,本着快速、高效、灵活的方案选择原则,对细脉带矿体560m以下空区与细脉带矿体560m以上隔火矿柱与空区的隐患治理提出了相应方案,并对可行性方案的安全及技术经济效果进行综合分析。
(3)开展集束孔大爆破技术的事故隐患治理技术研究,确定了爆破参数,分析了爆破效应及爆破后存在的问题,建立了爆破效果预测及块度的数学模型,提出了防止大爆破有害效应的安全技术措施。
Tongkeng Tin Mine is one of main mines in Huaxi Co.,Ltd. With uninterrupted exploitation in the mine, exploitation technology conditions are becoming very complex. Production and deveopment of mine is seriously restricted by loss of nature resources induced by ores spontaneous and a mass of goaf come into being after underground mining activities. In order to make full use of limited nature resources, ensuring security of miners and equipments, protect mine environment, it is necessary to adopt active and effective measures to the fire accident potential zone control and round pressure hazard treatment in mined-out areas. Furthermore, it is a precondition for sustainable development of mine in nowadays.
In this thesis, the veinlet belt type orebody of Tongkeng Mine is the research object. A series of researches were unfolded base on the problems of accident potential zone control in the mine, which are as follows.
(1) On the base of complex engineering problems, surrounding rock characteristic and exploitation technology conditions were analyzed. Ores spontaneou mechanism was studied, fire prevention and extinguishment was put forward. According to distribution of mined stopes, combined with geostatic inspection data and surface land collapse, dangerous zones were partitioned. Furthermore, numerical simulation was used to study the stability of goaf.
(2) According to mining histroy as well as background of veinlet belt ore body and occurrence form of the three mainly ore bodies in Tongkeng mine, treatments to dangers in safety were put forward based on the principle on fast, high-efficiency and agility. The treatment areas included mined-out stope under level of 560m and fire isolating jamb together with goaf up level of 560m of veinlet belt ore body. Safety technical and economical results of feasible scheme were anaylzed. Measures of filling in part of goaf and mandatory caving of fire isolating jamb were choosed.
(3) Study on parameters of parallel dense bunch-long-hole blasting technology was carried out in the end of this paper. Blasting parameters were calculated, blasting effect was analyzed and problems after biasing were discussed. What's more, blasting effect forecast and rock mass block index (RBI) mathematics model was constructed. Measures for prevention on nocuous effect of large blasting and further control technique of ground pressure were expatiated.
本文以铜坑矿细脉带矿体为研究对象,针对如何治理矿山事故隐患问题开展研究,主要研究内容如下:
(1)以矿区的工程地质条件为基础,分析了矿山围岩特性和开采技术条件,研究了矿体发火机理,提出了有效的灭火方法。根据矿山现存空区的分布,结合地压的监测资料与地表塌陷情况,分析出危险区范围,进行采空区稳定性数值模拟与分析。
(2)根据细脉带矿体的开采历史背景及铜坑矿三大矿体赋存的特殊情况,本着快速、高效、灵活的方案选择原则,对细脉带矿体560m以下空区与细脉带矿体560m以上隔火矿柱与空区的隐患治理提出了相应方案,并对可行性方案的安全及技术经济效果进行综合分析。
(3)开展集束孔大爆破技术的事故隐患治理技术研究,确定了爆破参数,分析了爆破效应及爆破后存在的问题,建立了爆破效果预测及块度的数学模型,提出了防止大爆破有害效应的安全技术措施。
Tongkeng Tin Mine is one of main mines in Huaxi Co.,Ltd. With uninterrupted exploitation in the mine, exploitation technology conditions are becoming very complex. Production and deveopment of mine is seriously restricted by loss of nature resources induced by ores spontaneous and a mass of goaf come into being after underground mining activities. In order to make full use of limited nature resources, ensuring security of miners and equipments, protect mine environment, it is necessary to adopt active and effective measures to the fire accident potential zone control and round pressure hazard treatment in mined-out areas. Furthermore, it is a precondition for sustainable development of mine in nowadays.
In this thesis, the veinlet belt type orebody of Tongkeng Mine is the research object. A series of researches were unfolded base on the problems of accident potential zone control in the mine, which are as follows.
(1) On the base of complex engineering problems, surrounding rock characteristic and exploitation technology conditions were analyzed. Ores spontaneou mechanism was studied, fire prevention and extinguishment was put forward. According to distribution of mined stopes, combined with geostatic inspection data and surface land collapse, dangerous zones were partitioned. Furthermore, numerical simulation was used to study the stability of goaf.
(2) According to mining histroy as well as background of veinlet belt ore body and occurrence form of the three mainly ore bodies in Tongkeng mine, treatments to dangers in safety were put forward based on the principle on fast, high-efficiency and agility. The treatment areas included mined-out stope under level of 560m and fire isolating jamb together with goaf up level of 560m of veinlet belt ore body. Safety technical and economical results of feasible scheme were anaylzed. Measures of filling in part of goaf and mandatory caving of fire isolating jamb were choosed.
(3) Study on parameters of parallel dense bunch-long-hole blasting technology was carried out in the end of this paper. Blasting parameters were calculated, blasting effect was analyzed and problems after biasing were discussed. What's more, blasting effect forecast and rock mass block index (RBI) mathematics model was constructed. Measures for prevention on nocuous effect of large blasting and further control technique of ground pressure were expatiated.
引文
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[21]蒋仲安,杜翠凤,何理.石灰凝胶阻化剂防灭火技术在高硫矿的应用研究[J].中国安全科学学报 2003,13(10):31-33
[22]吴桂才.铜坑矿火区下细脉带矿体开采环境控制[J].有色金属,2003,55(增):36-38
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[32]喻六平.张传信数值计算在矿山地压灾害安全评价中的应用[J].金属矿山,2005,(10):65-67
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