摩托车自行车行人碰撞事故形态分析及行人伤害保护的研究
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摘要
摩托车、自行车、行人与汽车碰撞的研究是目前国内外极为关注的新颖课题。而在我国,摩托车、自行车、行人与汽车碰撞事故的伤亡人数远大于车内乘员伤亡人数,因而在我国开展摩托车、自行车、行人碰撞事故的形态分析及人员伤害保护的研究尤为重要。本文针对我国交通事故的实际特点,对摩托车、自行车、行人碰撞的事故形态和人员伤害保护进行了分析和研究。
论文通过对碰撞事故损伤流行病学、碰撞生物力学等问题进行了讨论和分析,较系统地研究了摩托车、自行车、行人碰撞主要事故形态的运动学特性、流行病学分布规律和人员伤害的机理等问题。论文中对摩托车、自行车、行人碰撞事故从运动状态、碰撞过程、碰撞速度等方面进行了运动学分析,得出碰撞过程中人员的运动学特性和伤害原因,并以事故数据库为依据,分析了摩托车、自行车、行人碰撞事故的分布特征,得出各因素对碰撞伤害的影响规律。
论文针对行人与汽车碰撞的特点,利用多刚体力学原理和计算方法分析了碰撞过程中行人的运动状态和响应特点,建立了行人与汽车碰撞的多刚体模型,并利用建立的模型及其相互间的力学关系进行了汽车—行人碰撞的仿真试验,对仿真试验中行人伤害参数的变化进行了分析。结果表明不同的碰撞速度、不同的车辆类型和不同的车辆前部结构参数都将对行人伤害有不同的影响。根据这样的结果,可以帮助人们寻求减小行人伤害的措施和方法,从而为行人碰撞中保护措施的研究提供一定的依据。
论文基于球体与薄板撞击理论、有限元方法分别建立了头部与汽车发动机罩撞击的数学方程和有限元模型,并利用EEVC行人头部撞击器试验对所建模型进行了试验验证,结果比较吻合一致。接着利用有限元模拟方法和数学计算方法分析了发动机罩板参数的变化对行人头部伤害的影响,得出影响头部伤害的主要发动机罩板结构参数。最后根据其分析结果,提出保护行人头部的具体结构措施,从而为行人头部保护的进一步研究打下坚实的基础。
It is one of the new important aspects to study the collisions between motorcycle, bicycle, pedestrian and vehicles in the world. In our country, there are such inclement facts that the people killed in motorcycle collision, bicycle collision and pedestrian collision are more than the people killed in cars at accident. So it is very important to develop the study and analysis of the accident modalities about motorcycle collision, bicycle collision, pedestion collision and preventing injury.This paper analyses and dicusses the proplems about epidemiological methods on collision accidents and the collision biomechanics, and roundly works over the kinematic characteristics, the epidemiological distributing rules and the human injury mechanism about the collision accidents between motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians and vehicles.According to the impact characteristics between pedestrian and vehicle, based on the danymic theory of multi-body and mathematical method, this paper analyses the kinematic states and responding characteristics, simutats and amalyses the impact test of vehicle-pedestrian by using the multi-body models of vehicle-pedestrian built. The results are obtained that there are different test results in different velocities, different vehicle types and different vehicle foreparts. These results can lend us to find the measures and methods for reducing pedestrian injuries, and provide the theory basis for the study of protective methods.According to the problem discussed in the paper, the impact theory based on Hertz rule is analysed and expanded to ensure that can be used to solve-the impact problem between a boll and a large deflection plate. Based on all requirements of EEVC, a mathmatic model and a finite element model about the headform and the engine hood are built and validated by the headform impactor tests. Simulate calculations show that the FEA model achieves good agreement with the test results. The values of HIC are calculated under different conditions by simulating the impact between head and engine hood using both mathematic model and FEA model built above. The factors influence HIC and their means to do that are summarized which include the position of impact, the thickness of the hood, curvature radius of the hood, the length of the hood and the material of the hood and so on. Finally, according to the analysises and discusses above, some new structures of hood and new safety equipments are given for reducing and perverting pedestrian head injury.
论文通过对碰撞事故损伤流行病学、碰撞生物力学等问题进行了讨论和分析,较系统地研究了摩托车、自行车、行人碰撞主要事故形态的运动学特性、流行病学分布规律和人员伤害的机理等问题。论文中对摩托车、自行车、行人碰撞事故从运动状态、碰撞过程、碰撞速度等方面进行了运动学分析,得出碰撞过程中人员的运动学特性和伤害原因,并以事故数据库为依据,分析了摩托车、自行车、行人碰撞事故的分布特征,得出各因素对碰撞伤害的影响规律。
论文针对行人与汽车碰撞的特点,利用多刚体力学原理和计算方法分析了碰撞过程中行人的运动状态和响应特点,建立了行人与汽车碰撞的多刚体模型,并利用建立的模型及其相互间的力学关系进行了汽车—行人碰撞的仿真试验,对仿真试验中行人伤害参数的变化进行了分析。结果表明不同的碰撞速度、不同的车辆类型和不同的车辆前部结构参数都将对行人伤害有不同的影响。根据这样的结果,可以帮助人们寻求减小行人伤害的措施和方法,从而为行人碰撞中保护措施的研究提供一定的依据。
论文基于球体与薄板撞击理论、有限元方法分别建立了头部与汽车发动机罩撞击的数学方程和有限元模型,并利用EEVC行人头部撞击器试验对所建模型进行了试验验证,结果比较吻合一致。接着利用有限元模拟方法和数学计算方法分析了发动机罩板参数的变化对行人头部伤害的影响,得出影响头部伤害的主要发动机罩板结构参数。最后根据其分析结果,提出保护行人头部的具体结构措施,从而为行人头部保护的进一步研究打下坚实的基础。
It is one of the new important aspects to study the collisions between motorcycle, bicycle, pedestrian and vehicles in the world. In our country, there are such inclement facts that the people killed in motorcycle collision, bicycle collision and pedestrian collision are more than the people killed in cars at accident. So it is very important to develop the study and analysis of the accident modalities about motorcycle collision, bicycle collision, pedestion collision and preventing injury.This paper analyses and dicusses the proplems about epidemiological methods on collision accidents and the collision biomechanics, and roundly works over the kinematic characteristics, the epidemiological distributing rules and the human injury mechanism about the collision accidents between motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians and vehicles.According to the impact characteristics between pedestrian and vehicle, based on the danymic theory of multi-body and mathematical method, this paper analyses the kinematic states and responding characteristics, simutats and amalyses the impact test of vehicle-pedestrian by using the multi-body models of vehicle-pedestrian built. The results are obtained that there are different test results in different velocities, different vehicle types and different vehicle foreparts. These results can lend us to find the measures and methods for reducing pedestrian injuries, and provide the theory basis for the study of protective methods.According to the problem discussed in the paper, the impact theory based on Hertz rule is analysed and expanded to ensure that can be used to solve-the impact problem between a boll and a large deflection plate. Based on all requirements of EEVC, a mathmatic model and a finite element model about the headform and the engine hood are built and validated by the headform impactor tests. Simulate calculations show that the FEA model achieves good agreement with the test results. The values of HIC are calculated under different conditions by simulating the impact between head and engine hood using both mathematic model and FEA model built above. The factors influence HIC and their means to do that are summarized which include the position of impact, the thickness of the hood, curvature radius of the hood, the length of the hood and the material of the hood and so on. Finally, according to the analysises and discusses above, some new structures of hood and new safety equipments are given for reducing and perverting pedestrian head injury.
引文
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