模拟人工湿地系统处理酸性重金属废水的效能及机理研究
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摘要
近年来,人工湿地用于城市生活污水的处理得到了广泛应用。但是人工湿地用于处理酸性重金属废水的应用还比较少,本论文采用人工湿地的方法处理酸性重金属废水,研究单独种植水葱、香蒲、芦苇、灯芯草、野茭白五种挺水植物的人工湿地系统对含Fe、Mn、Cr的酸性重金属废水的去除效能,找出对其具有高效去除效能的植物,分析pH值、重金属的初始浓度、水力停留时间等对5种植物去除效能的影响,探索其对重金属的去除机理。论文取得了以下研究成果:
(1)单独种植5种挺水植物的人工湿地系统对酸性重金属废水中的Fe、Mn、Cr都有一定的去除效能。其中,种植水葱、野茭白的系统,对废水中Fe、Mn去除效能相对其他系统较好,7 d内废水中Fe的去除率分别达到94.6%、98.4%以上,Mn的去除率分别达到90.5%、88.3%以上;Cr初始浓度低(< 20 mg/L)时,种植水葱、芦苇的系统,对废水中Cr的去除效能相对其他系统较好,7 d内的去除率分别达到99.7%、99.3%以上,Cr初始浓度高(≥20 mg/L)时,种植香蒲、野茭白的系统,对废水中Cr的去除效能相对其他系统较好,7 d内的去除率分别达到96.3%、97.7%以上。
(2)在单独种植5种挺水植物的人工湿地系统中,含Fe、Mn、Cr的酸性重金属废水pH值第7天时基本呈弱酸性和中性。
(3)5种挺水植物对重金属Fe、Mn、Cr都有一定的吸附富集能力。其中,对重金属Fe的吸收富集能力表现为:野茭白>水葱>灯芯草>香蒲>芦苇;对重金属Mn的的吸收富集能力表现为:野茭白>灯芯草>芦苇>香蒲>水葱;对重金属Cr的吸收富集能力表现为:灯芯草>香蒲>水葱>野茭白>芦苇。
(4)5种挺水植物对Fe、Mn、Cr的吸收富集表现为:根>茎叶。芦苇植株各部位对Fe、Mn的吸收富集表现为:根>茎>叶片;对Cr的吸收富集表现为:根>叶片>茎。
(5)种植野茭白的人工湿地系统,Mn初始浓度为65.6 mg/L时,5 d内,系统在初始pH 6.0时对Mn的去除效果较好;9 d或者更长时间内,初始pH 5.0时的去除效果较好。
(6)在种植野茭白的人工湿地系统中,野茭白对基质中有效态Mn的吸收量较大,并以这种方式达到对废水中重金属Mn的去除。
Constructed Wetland has rapidly developed in wastewater treatment recent years, mainly for city domestic wastewater treatment. But the application for acid mine drainage treatment is still relatively little, this study used the constructed wetland to deal with acid heavy metal drainage, study the removal efficiency of the heavy metals with the Constructed Wetland planted with Scirpus validus、Typha orientalis、Phragmitesaustralis、Juncus effuses、Zizania aquatica L. , identify the high removal efficiency constructed wetland plant with heavy metals in acid heavy metal drainage, analyze the influence of removal efficiency with heavy mentals in different pH、initial concentration of heavy metals、the retention time and so on. Explore the removal mechanism with heavy metals. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) The constructed wetland systems individually planted with the 5 Macrophytes have a certain removal efficiency with the Fe、Mn、Cr in acid heavy metal drainage. The systems planted with Scirpus validus and Zizania aquatica L. have a better efficiencies with Fe、Mn compared to other systems, the removal rates of Fe 94.6%、98.4% or more and the removal rates of Mn can reach 90.5%、88.3% in the 7th day. When the lower initial concentration of Cr (< 20 mg/L), the systems planted with Scirpus validus and Phragmitesaustralis have a better efficiencies with Cr compared to other systems,the removal rates in the 7th day can reach 99.7%、99.3% and so on. When the higher initial concentration of Cr (≥20 mg/L), the systems planted with Typha orientalis and Zizania aquatica L. have a better efficiencies with Cr compared to other systems. the removal rates in the 7th day can reach 96.3%、97.7% and so on.
(2) In the constructed wetland systems individually planted with the five Macrophytes,the pH values of acid heavy metal drainage including Fe、Mn、Cr are basicly dilute acidic and neutral in the 7th day.
(3) The five Macrophytes have certain absorption rules of Fe、Mn、Cr. The accumulation to Fe showed: Zizania aquatica L. > Scirpus validus > Juncus effuses > Typha orientalis> Phragmitesaustralis; The accumulation to Mn showed: Zizania aquatica L. > Typha orientalis > Juncus effuses > Phragmitesaustralis > Scirpus validu; The accumulation to Cr showed: Juncus effuses > Typha orientalis > Scirpus validu > Zizania aquatica L. > Phragmitesaustralis.
(4) The absorption of Fe、Mn、Cr with the 5 Macrophytes showed: root > stem and leaf. The absorption of Fe、Mn with each parts of Phragmitesaustralis showed: root > stem > leaf, but the absorption of Cr showed: root > leaf > stem.
(5) The constructed wetland systems planted with Zizania aquatica L,when the initial concentration is 65.6 mg/L, the initial pH 6.0,the systerm has a better efficiencies with Mn in 5 days,but for 9 days or more, it has a better efficiencies with the initial pH 5.0.
(6) In the constructed wetland systems planted with Zizania aquatica L, Zizania aquatica L has a more absorption of the available Mn,and it remove the Mn in the drainage in this way.
(1)单独种植5种挺水植物的人工湿地系统对酸性重金属废水中的Fe、Mn、Cr都有一定的去除效能。其中,种植水葱、野茭白的系统,对废水中Fe、Mn去除效能相对其他系统较好,7 d内废水中Fe的去除率分别达到94.6%、98.4%以上,Mn的去除率分别达到90.5%、88.3%以上;Cr初始浓度低(< 20 mg/L)时,种植水葱、芦苇的系统,对废水中Cr的去除效能相对其他系统较好,7 d内的去除率分别达到99.7%、99.3%以上,Cr初始浓度高(≥20 mg/L)时,种植香蒲、野茭白的系统,对废水中Cr的去除效能相对其他系统较好,7 d内的去除率分别达到96.3%、97.7%以上。
(2)在单独种植5种挺水植物的人工湿地系统中,含Fe、Mn、Cr的酸性重金属废水pH值第7天时基本呈弱酸性和中性。
(3)5种挺水植物对重金属Fe、Mn、Cr都有一定的吸附富集能力。其中,对重金属Fe的吸收富集能力表现为:野茭白>水葱>灯芯草>香蒲>芦苇;对重金属Mn的的吸收富集能力表现为:野茭白>灯芯草>芦苇>香蒲>水葱;对重金属Cr的吸收富集能力表现为:灯芯草>香蒲>水葱>野茭白>芦苇。
(4)5种挺水植物对Fe、Mn、Cr的吸收富集表现为:根>茎叶。芦苇植株各部位对Fe、Mn的吸收富集表现为:根>茎>叶片;对Cr的吸收富集表现为:根>叶片>茎。
(5)种植野茭白的人工湿地系统,Mn初始浓度为65.6 mg/L时,5 d内,系统在初始pH 6.0时对Mn的去除效果较好;9 d或者更长时间内,初始pH 5.0时的去除效果较好。
(6)在种植野茭白的人工湿地系统中,野茭白对基质中有效态Mn的吸收量较大,并以这种方式达到对废水中重金属Mn的去除。
Constructed Wetland has rapidly developed in wastewater treatment recent years, mainly for city domestic wastewater treatment. But the application for acid mine drainage treatment is still relatively little, this study used the constructed wetland to deal with acid heavy metal drainage, study the removal efficiency of the heavy metals with the Constructed Wetland planted with Scirpus validus、Typha orientalis、Phragmitesaustralis、Juncus effuses、Zizania aquatica L. , identify the high removal efficiency constructed wetland plant with heavy metals in acid heavy metal drainage, analyze the influence of removal efficiency with heavy mentals in different pH、initial concentration of heavy metals、the retention time and so on. Explore the removal mechanism with heavy metals. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) The constructed wetland systems individually planted with the 5 Macrophytes have a certain removal efficiency with the Fe、Mn、Cr in acid heavy metal drainage. The systems planted with Scirpus validus and Zizania aquatica L. have a better efficiencies with Fe、Mn compared to other systems, the removal rates of Fe 94.6%、98.4% or more and the removal rates of Mn can reach 90.5%、88.3% in the 7th day. When the lower initial concentration of Cr (< 20 mg/L), the systems planted with Scirpus validus and Phragmitesaustralis have a better efficiencies with Cr compared to other systems,the removal rates in the 7th day can reach 99.7%、99.3% and so on. When the higher initial concentration of Cr (≥20 mg/L), the systems planted with Typha orientalis and Zizania aquatica L. have a better efficiencies with Cr compared to other systems. the removal rates in the 7th day can reach 96.3%、97.7% and so on.
(2) In the constructed wetland systems individually planted with the five Macrophytes,the pH values of acid heavy metal drainage including Fe、Mn、Cr are basicly dilute acidic and neutral in the 7th day.
(3) The five Macrophytes have certain absorption rules of Fe、Mn、Cr. The accumulation to Fe showed: Zizania aquatica L. > Scirpus validus > Juncus effuses > Typha orientalis> Phragmitesaustralis; The accumulation to Mn showed: Zizania aquatica L. > Typha orientalis > Juncus effuses > Phragmitesaustralis > Scirpus validu; The accumulation to Cr showed: Juncus effuses > Typha orientalis > Scirpus validu > Zizania aquatica L. > Phragmitesaustralis.
(4) The absorption of Fe、Mn、Cr with the 5 Macrophytes showed: root > stem and leaf. The absorption of Fe、Mn with each parts of Phragmitesaustralis showed: root > stem > leaf, but the absorption of Cr showed: root > leaf > stem.
(5) The constructed wetland systems planted with Zizania aquatica L,when the initial concentration is 65.6 mg/L, the initial pH 6.0,the systerm has a better efficiencies with Mn in 5 days,but for 9 days or more, it has a better efficiencies with the initial pH 5.0.
(6) In the constructed wetland systems planted with Zizania aquatica L, Zizania aquatica L has a more absorption of the available Mn,and it remove the Mn in the drainage in this way.
引文
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