遥感和GIS技术在西藏昌都县地质灾害调查与评价中的应用
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摘要
地质灾害问题日趋突出,严重危害着人们的生产和生活,迫切的需要新技术和新方法来解决这一问题。利用遥感和GIS技术开展区域地质灾害调查和评价工作,具有传统技术无可比拟的优越性,是当前地质灾害研究的热点和方向。
本文以西藏昌都县为研究区,以遥感数据为基础,提取了地质灾害信息,并分析了区内地质灾害致灾因子。结合GIS技术和层次分析法(AHP)的模型,进行区内地质灾害危险性区划分析,探索出应用遥感和GIS技术开展区域地质灾害调查与评价研究的技术路线和方法体系,取得了以下主要成果：
(1)采用了多平台、多传感器的遥感数据,经过图像处理和影像特征分析,建立了研究区崩塌、滑坡、泥石流遥感解译标志,并通过野外调查的修正和完善,提取了地质灾害点136处。
(2)本文选取了地层岩性、地质构造、地形坡度、人类活动、地质灾害规模、分布密度等九大因子进行了危险性区划评价分析,通过AHP数学模型计算出各因子的权重,在GIS软件平台上,进行了研究区危险性区划,将其分为四个等级：高危险区(0.42%)、中危险区(3.43%)、低危险区(18.56%)、无危险区(77.59%)。
(3)基于遥感和GIS技术,总结了一套地质灾害调查和危险性评价分析的方法：数据收集→遥感数据处理和分析→灾害信息提取→地质灾害发育因素分析→区域危险性评价分析。
实践应用和研究分析表明,遥感、GIS技术结合层次分析模型用于区域地质灾害调查和评价效果较好,评价结果具有现实性和科学性,可为昌都县防灾减灾服务,及促进经济的发展和社会的稳定。
Geological disaster has beening severe and has caused serious harm to people's production and life. It is urgent to need new technology and method to solve this problem. RS and GIS technique are superior to traditional method in survey and evaluation of geological hazards, which is currently a hot and direction research of geological hazards.
Taking the Changdu county as study area and using remote sensing data, hazard information was extracted, and hazard factors were analyzed. Combing with GIS technique and AHP theory, geological hazard zoning has been divided and analyzed, and the technical routes and methods of system are explored by the application of remote sensing and GIS technique in carrying out regional geological hazard survey and evaluation. The main achievements were made as follows:
(1) Through image processing and image feature analysis by using multi-platform, multi-temporal remote sensing data, based on the amendment and improvement of the field investigation, the collapse, landslide, debris flow interpretation signs were established. And a total of 136 sites of geological hazards were extracted.
(2) Risk evaluation index system were set up, which contains 9 factors, such as lithology, geological structure, slope, human activities, geological hazards scale, distribution density etc. These factors weight were calculated by the AHP model. And hazard zoning map was gotten based on the platform of GIS software, which were divided into four grades:high-risk area(0.42%), in the danger area(3.43%), low-risk area(18.56%), risk-free area(77.59%).
(3) Based on the RS and GIS technique, the work method of regional geological hazard investigation and analysis of risk assessment was summarized:data collection→analysis and processing of RS data→disaster information extraction→factors analysis of geological hazards→regional risk assessment and analysis.
From practical application, research and analyzing, it was found that the RS and GIS technique combined with AHP model is better in the survey and evaluation of regional geological hazards, and the results have practical and scientific evaluation. It will be used to server as disaster prevention and reduction, and promote the development of economy and society stabilization in Changdu County.
本文以西藏昌都县为研究区,以遥感数据为基础,提取了地质灾害信息,并分析了区内地质灾害致灾因子。结合GIS技术和层次分析法(AHP)的模型,进行区内地质灾害危险性区划分析,探索出应用遥感和GIS技术开展区域地质灾害调查与评价研究的技术路线和方法体系,取得了以下主要成果：
(1)采用了多平台、多传感器的遥感数据,经过图像处理和影像特征分析,建立了研究区崩塌、滑坡、泥石流遥感解译标志,并通过野外调查的修正和完善,提取了地质灾害点136处。
(2)本文选取了地层岩性、地质构造、地形坡度、人类活动、地质灾害规模、分布密度等九大因子进行了危险性区划评价分析,通过AHP数学模型计算出各因子的权重,在GIS软件平台上,进行了研究区危险性区划,将其分为四个等级：高危险区(0.42%)、中危险区(3.43%)、低危险区(18.56%)、无危险区(77.59%)。
(3)基于遥感和GIS技术,总结了一套地质灾害调查和危险性评价分析的方法：数据收集→遥感数据处理和分析→灾害信息提取→地质灾害发育因素分析→区域危险性评价分析。
实践应用和研究分析表明,遥感、GIS技术结合层次分析模型用于区域地质灾害调查和评价效果较好,评价结果具有现实性和科学性,可为昌都县防灾减灾服务,及促进经济的发展和社会的稳定。
Geological disaster has beening severe and has caused serious harm to people's production and life. It is urgent to need new technology and method to solve this problem. RS and GIS technique are superior to traditional method in survey and evaluation of geological hazards, which is currently a hot and direction research of geological hazards.
Taking the Changdu county as study area and using remote sensing data, hazard information was extracted, and hazard factors were analyzed. Combing with GIS technique and AHP theory, geological hazard zoning has been divided and analyzed, and the technical routes and methods of system are explored by the application of remote sensing and GIS technique in carrying out regional geological hazard survey and evaluation. The main achievements were made as follows:
(1) Through image processing and image feature analysis by using multi-platform, multi-temporal remote sensing data, based on the amendment and improvement of the field investigation, the collapse, landslide, debris flow interpretation signs were established. And a total of 136 sites of geological hazards were extracted.
(2) Risk evaluation index system were set up, which contains 9 factors, such as lithology, geological structure, slope, human activities, geological hazards scale, distribution density etc. These factors weight were calculated by the AHP model. And hazard zoning map was gotten based on the platform of GIS software, which were divided into four grades:high-risk area(0.42%), in the danger area(3.43%), low-risk area(18.56%), risk-free area(77.59%).
(3) Based on the RS and GIS technique, the work method of regional geological hazard investigation and analysis of risk assessment was summarized:data collection→analysis and processing of RS data→disaster information extraction→factors analysis of geological hazards→regional risk assessment and analysis.
From practical application, research and analyzing, it was found that the RS and GIS technique combined with AHP model is better in the survey and evaluation of regional geological hazards, and the results have practical and scientific evaluation. It will be used to server as disaster prevention and reduction, and promote the development of economy and society stabilization in Changdu County.
引文
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