陕西省生态城市建设评价指标体系研究
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摘要
生态城市是一个社会、经济、自然协调发展,物质、能量、信息高效利用,结构布局合理,基础设施完善,生态良性循环的人类聚居地。通过对其合理高效的构建,可以为城市问题的解决、理想人居环境的建立、人类社会可持续发展的实现提供了一条切实可行的途径。因此,目前对生态城市的研究己成为我国城市科学和城市规划学界研究的前沿和热点课题之一。
本文首先对生态城市的概念、本质特征和基本要素进行梳理,参考和整理了国内外生态城市建设及可持续发展体系研究的思路和方法,为后文的研究做好理论准备；然后从陕西省各城市的基本状况入手,以“经济发展——社会进步——环境保护”的分类体系为框架,选择和构建了适合陕西省自身情况的生态城市指标评价体系,并进一步设立了描述城市生态系统发展状况的标准化处理方法和计算方法；接下来使用上述方法,对陕西省各城市2008年的生态城市建设进行综合分析和评价,分析结果表明：陕西省十个城市的生态城市建设基本可以分为三类,其中西安等3个城市生态建设水平较高,铜川市等5个城市生态建设水平一般,延安市等2个城市生态城市建设水平较低；最后以生态城市指标评价体系中各影响因素为基础,对所划分的三类城市进行分别研究,找出这三类城市生态系统现状中存在的问题,分析各城市生态建设中存在的挑战,为陕西省各城市的生态城市建设提出问题解决的方案和可持续发展的对策。
从本文对陕西省生态城市建设的研究中,可以得到如下成果：
(1)本文所研究的陕西省生态城市建设评价的关键所在是：建立完整、科学、有效的生态城市建设评价指标体系,能够反映不同地域的自身状况,针对陕西省不同城市所面临的问题差异都能有效涉及。论文在了解生态城市基本内容的基础上,借鉴国内外先进的生态城市指标评价体系,结合陕西省自身的独特状况,建立了有自身特色的陕西省生态城市建设评价指标体系。
(2)论文在建立指标层等四个层次的评价体系基础上,完善了生态城市的评价分级,通过对陕西省各个城市的生态建设数据的收集和整理,以及对城市现状的调查和研究,在城市生态系统的经济发展、社会进步、环境保护三个方面对陕西省生态建设进行了综合评价,确定了陕西省十个城市现阶段的生态化程度。
(3)通过对影响陕西省各城市的相关因素进行研究分析,针对陕西省的发展现状,提出建设生态城市的对策和建议,为陕西省建设生态城市提供参考。
希望本文所提出的发展对策对各城市的生态城市建设有所帮助,使其参照本文对策,从自身情况出发明确生态建设的发展方向,制定生态建设方案,大力开展城市生态建设,从而实现整个陕西省生态城市一体化发展。
The eco-city is the human settlements in which society and economy and nature can harmonious develop, substance and energy and information are using in high efficiency, and its basic establishment is self-contained, its overall arrangement is reasonable, and it has benign ecological circulation. The ecological city's building provides a feasible method for solving the city problem and building ideal human settlement and human society's sustainable development's implement. At present, the research of ecological city has become one of the foreland and hotspot task in the city science and urban planning research in our country.
Analyzing conception, essence and connotation of eco-city, this paper looks back on the study process eco-city of domestic and abroad, and considers the relations between region and city and ecology limit problem and two foreland problems of eco-city study. In China's eco-city study, theory is not connected to practice. Studying from each cities'social condition and region situation in Shaanxi province, this paper chooses and establishes evaluation index system for Shaanxi province, and further standardized method and calculation method which describes the development situation of urban ecosystem are established. Finally this paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the ecological city construction in 2008. Results show that:the ten basic ecological cities'construction in Shaanxi province can be divided into three categories. The three cities including Xi'an belong to high level of ecological city construction, the five cities including Tong chuan belong to intermediate level of ecological city construction, and the two cities including Yan'an belong to low level of ecological city construction. Finally, according to Eco-city index evaluation system of various factors, this thesis researched three kinds of cities, and found out the problems in these three kinds of cities, analyzed different challenges in Eco-city construction, provided theoretical basis and sustainable development of countermeasures.
This thesis is composed of six charters, the reseach result can be concluded as follows:
(1) The key meaning of the ecological city evaluation index system research is setting up a complete, scientific and useful ecological city evaluation index system, which can reflect different situation in different regions, and can be effectively involved in different problems in the cities of Shaanxi. On the basic of ecological city, this paper used advanced evaluation system of ecological city for reference, combined with the unique situation in Shaanxi Province, established with its own unique eco-city construction in Shaanxi Province evaluation index system.
(2) This thesis established the four-level evaluation system based on sound ecological evaluation, improved the evaluation classification of the ecological city.Through various cities in Shaanxi Province ecological data collection and investigation, this thesis gave a comprehensive evaluation in the city the economic development of ecological systems, social progress, environmental protection, three aspects of ecological construction in Shaanxi Province and determined the ecology degree of ten cities in Shaanxi province.
(3) By studying factors related to cities in Shaanxi Province, this thesis analyzed suggestions and countermeasures for establishment of ecological city, and offered suggestions for the construction of ecological city in Shaanxi Province.
By the countermeasures from this thesis, every city should clear the development direction of the ecological construction according to their situation, establish ecological construction scheme, and vigorously develop urban ecological construction in Shaanxi province, which makes the whole development of integration.
本文首先对生态城市的概念、本质特征和基本要素进行梳理,参考和整理了国内外生态城市建设及可持续发展体系研究的思路和方法,为后文的研究做好理论准备；然后从陕西省各城市的基本状况入手,以“经济发展——社会进步——环境保护”的分类体系为框架,选择和构建了适合陕西省自身情况的生态城市指标评价体系,并进一步设立了描述城市生态系统发展状况的标准化处理方法和计算方法；接下来使用上述方法,对陕西省各城市2008年的生态城市建设进行综合分析和评价,分析结果表明：陕西省十个城市的生态城市建设基本可以分为三类,其中西安等3个城市生态建设水平较高,铜川市等5个城市生态建设水平一般,延安市等2个城市生态城市建设水平较低；最后以生态城市指标评价体系中各影响因素为基础,对所划分的三类城市进行分别研究,找出这三类城市生态系统现状中存在的问题,分析各城市生态建设中存在的挑战,为陕西省各城市的生态城市建设提出问题解决的方案和可持续发展的对策。
从本文对陕西省生态城市建设的研究中,可以得到如下成果：
(1)本文所研究的陕西省生态城市建设评价的关键所在是：建立完整、科学、有效的生态城市建设评价指标体系,能够反映不同地域的自身状况,针对陕西省不同城市所面临的问题差异都能有效涉及。论文在了解生态城市基本内容的基础上,借鉴国内外先进的生态城市指标评价体系,结合陕西省自身的独特状况,建立了有自身特色的陕西省生态城市建设评价指标体系。
(2)论文在建立指标层等四个层次的评价体系基础上,完善了生态城市的评价分级,通过对陕西省各个城市的生态建设数据的收集和整理,以及对城市现状的调查和研究,在城市生态系统的经济发展、社会进步、环境保护三个方面对陕西省生态建设进行了综合评价,确定了陕西省十个城市现阶段的生态化程度。
(3)通过对影响陕西省各城市的相关因素进行研究分析,针对陕西省的发展现状,提出建设生态城市的对策和建议,为陕西省建设生态城市提供参考。
希望本文所提出的发展对策对各城市的生态城市建设有所帮助,使其参照本文对策,从自身情况出发明确生态建设的发展方向,制定生态建设方案,大力开展城市生态建设,从而实现整个陕西省生态城市一体化发展。
The eco-city is the human settlements in which society and economy and nature can harmonious develop, substance and energy and information are using in high efficiency, and its basic establishment is self-contained, its overall arrangement is reasonable, and it has benign ecological circulation. The ecological city's building provides a feasible method for solving the city problem and building ideal human settlement and human society's sustainable development's implement. At present, the research of ecological city has become one of the foreland and hotspot task in the city science and urban planning research in our country.
Analyzing conception, essence and connotation of eco-city, this paper looks back on the study process eco-city of domestic and abroad, and considers the relations between region and city and ecology limit problem and two foreland problems of eco-city study. In China's eco-city study, theory is not connected to practice. Studying from each cities'social condition and region situation in Shaanxi province, this paper chooses and establishes evaluation index system for Shaanxi province, and further standardized method and calculation method which describes the development situation of urban ecosystem are established. Finally this paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the ecological city construction in 2008. Results show that:the ten basic ecological cities'construction in Shaanxi province can be divided into three categories. The three cities including Xi'an belong to high level of ecological city construction, the five cities including Tong chuan belong to intermediate level of ecological city construction, and the two cities including Yan'an belong to low level of ecological city construction. Finally, according to Eco-city index evaluation system of various factors, this thesis researched three kinds of cities, and found out the problems in these three kinds of cities, analyzed different challenges in Eco-city construction, provided theoretical basis and sustainable development of countermeasures.
This thesis is composed of six charters, the reseach result can be concluded as follows:
(1) The key meaning of the ecological city evaluation index system research is setting up a complete, scientific and useful ecological city evaluation index system, which can reflect different situation in different regions, and can be effectively involved in different problems in the cities of Shaanxi. On the basic of ecological city, this paper used advanced evaluation system of ecological city for reference, combined with the unique situation in Shaanxi Province, established with its own unique eco-city construction in Shaanxi Province evaluation index system.
(2) This thesis established the four-level evaluation system based on sound ecological evaluation, improved the evaluation classification of the ecological city.Through various cities in Shaanxi Province ecological data collection and investigation, this thesis gave a comprehensive evaluation in the city the economic development of ecological systems, social progress, environmental protection, three aspects of ecological construction in Shaanxi Province and determined the ecology degree of ten cities in Shaanxi province.
(3) By studying factors related to cities in Shaanxi Province, this thesis analyzed suggestions and countermeasures for establishment of ecological city, and offered suggestions for the construction of ecological city in Shaanxi Province.
By the countermeasures from this thesis, every city should clear the development direction of the ecological construction according to their situation, establish ecological construction scheme, and vigorously develop urban ecological construction in Shaanxi province, which makes the whole development of integration.
引文
[1]王婷.西安生态城市建设研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2007：1-2
[2]石永林.基于可持续发展的生态城市建设研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2006：4-5
[3]毕涛,鞠美庭,孟伟庆,路立.国内外生态城市发展进程及我国生态城市建设对策研究[J].资源节约与环保,2008,1：25-26
[4]马交国,杨永春.生态城市理论研究综述[J].兰州大学学报,2004,5：18-19
[5]杨小波,吴庆书.城市生态学[M].北京.科学出版社,2000
[6]曹伟.城市生态安全导论[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[7]马世俊,王如松.社会-经济-自然复合生态系统[J].生态学报,1984,4(1)：1-9
[8]Ruiping Zu. Environmental changes of oases at southern margin of Tram Basin. China. Environmental Geology,2003,3(10):639-644
[9]李立阳.生态城市建设研究-以开封市为例[D].河南大学硕士学位论文,2001,1(5)：7-8
[10]张坤民,温宗国,杜斌.生态城市评估与指标体系[M].北京.化学工业出版社,2003
[11]何文.建设生态城市的发展思路和对策[J].安徽建筑,1999,4(5)：18-19
[12]O.Yanitsky. Social Problems of Man's Environment. The City and Ecology, 1984,4(1):174-175
[13]宋永昌,戚仁海,由文辉,等.生态城市的指标体系与评价方法[J].城市环境与城市生态,1999,12(5)：16-19.；
[14]Richard Register. Eco-city Berkeley:Building Cities for a Healthy Future. North Atlantic Books. Berkley,1987,10(1):51-56
[15]董宪军.生态城市论[M].北京.中国社会科学出版社,2001
[16]黄光宇.田园城市、绿心城市、生态城市[J].重庆建筑工程学院学报,1992,14(3)：63-71
[17]陈勇.生态城市——可持续发展的人居模式[J].重庆建筑大学学报,1998,20(6)：27-32
[18]蓝宪军.生态城市论[M].北京.中国社会科学出版社,2001
[19]黄姗,由文辉.上海市青浦区生态建设综合评价研究[J].环境污染与防治,2007,11：7-11.
[20]焦士兴,王腊春.河南省生态城市建设定量分析[J].生态环境,2008,1：138-142.；
[21] 张丽平，申玉铭． 北京市建设生态城市的综合评价研究[J]．首都师范大学学报：自 然科学版,2003,24(3)：79-83：
[22] 焦立新．评价指标标准化处理方法的探讨[J]．安徽农业技术师范学院学报，1999,13：7-10
[23]郭秀锐，杨居容．生态城市建设及其指标体系[J]．城市发展研究,2002,8(6)：54-58．
[24]刘则渊，姜照华．现代生态城市建设标准与评价指标体系探讨[J]．科学与科学技术管理,2001,4：61-63．
[25]顾传辉，陈桂珠．生态城市指标体系研究[J]．环境保护,2001(11)：24-25．
[26]李刚，万绪才，刘小钊，等．南京城市生态系统可持续发展指标体系与评价[J]．南京林业大学学报：自然科学版,2002,26(1)：23-26．
[27]张坤民，温宗国．城市生态可持续发展的研究进展[J]．城市环境与城市生态,2001，14(6)1-4．
[28]苏春江．财政支农投入与城乡体化关系研究[J]．技术经济．2009(5)
[29] 郭翔宇，颜华．统筹城乡发展—理论-机制-对策[M]．中国农业出版社,2007：75-101
[30]朱希刚．农业技术经济分析方法及应用[M]．中国农业出版社,1997：158-163
[31]王宁．天津生态城市评价指标体系研究[D]．天津财经大学硕士学位论文，2009：39
[32]周晓唯，王拓．陕西省生态城市建设指标评价体系[J]．城市环境与城市生态,2009(6)：10-14
[33] 任平．周介铭．张果．成都市区域城乡体化进程评价研究[J]．四川师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2006,29(6)：748-751
[34]吴清仁，吴善淦．生态建材与环保[M]．北京：化学工业出版社,2003：11
[35]余谋昌．生态文化论[M]．石家庄：河北教育出版社,2001：353-354
[36]张颢瀚，张峰．城市可持续发展：理论·实践·评价[M]北京：中国工商出版社,2005：190
[37]崔铁宁．循环型社会及其规划理论和方法[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社,2005：49
[38]朱颖．城乡体化评价指标体系研究[J]．农村经济与科技,2008,19(7)：51-53
[2]石永林.基于可持续发展的生态城市建设研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2006：4-5
[3]毕涛,鞠美庭,孟伟庆,路立.国内外生态城市发展进程及我国生态城市建设对策研究[J].资源节约与环保,2008,1：25-26
[4]马交国,杨永春.生态城市理论研究综述[J].兰州大学学报,2004,5：18-19
[5]杨小波,吴庆书.城市生态学[M].北京.科学出版社,2000
[6]曹伟.城市生态安全导论[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[7]马世俊,王如松.社会-经济-自然复合生态系统[J].生态学报,1984,4(1)：1-9
[8]Ruiping Zu. Environmental changes of oases at southern margin of Tram Basin. China. Environmental Geology,2003,3(10):639-644
[9]李立阳.生态城市建设研究-以开封市为例[D].河南大学硕士学位论文,2001,1(5)：7-8
[10]张坤民,温宗国,杜斌.生态城市评估与指标体系[M].北京.化学工业出版社,2003
[11]何文.建设生态城市的发展思路和对策[J].安徽建筑,1999,4(5)：18-19
[12]O.Yanitsky. Social Problems of Man's Environment. The City and Ecology, 1984,4(1):174-175
[13]宋永昌,戚仁海,由文辉,等.生态城市的指标体系与评价方法[J].城市环境与城市生态,1999,12(5)：16-19.；
[14]Richard Register. Eco-city Berkeley:Building Cities for a Healthy Future. North Atlantic Books. Berkley,1987,10(1):51-56
[15]董宪军.生态城市论[M].北京.中国社会科学出版社,2001
[16]黄光宇.田园城市、绿心城市、生态城市[J].重庆建筑工程学院学报,1992,14(3)：63-71
[17]陈勇.生态城市——可持续发展的人居模式[J].重庆建筑大学学报,1998,20(6)：27-32
[18]蓝宪军.生态城市论[M].北京.中国社会科学出版社,2001
[19]黄姗,由文辉.上海市青浦区生态建设综合评价研究[J].环境污染与防治,2007,11：7-11.
[20]焦士兴,王腊春.河南省生态城市建设定量分析[J].生态环境,2008,1：138-142.；
[21] 张丽平，申玉铭． 北京市建设生态城市的综合评价研究[J]．首都师范大学学报：自 然科学版,2003,24(3)：79-83：
[22] 焦立新．评价指标标准化处理方法的探讨[J]．安徽农业技术师范学院学报，1999,13：7-10
[23]郭秀锐，杨居容．生态城市建设及其指标体系[J]．城市发展研究,2002,8(6)：54-58．
[24]刘则渊，姜照华．现代生态城市建设标准与评价指标体系探讨[J]．科学与科学技术管理,2001,4：61-63．
[25]顾传辉，陈桂珠．生态城市指标体系研究[J]．环境保护,2001(11)：24-25．
[26]李刚，万绪才，刘小钊，等．南京城市生态系统可持续发展指标体系与评价[J]．南京林业大学学报：自然科学版,2002,26(1)：23-26．
[27]张坤民，温宗国．城市生态可持续发展的研究进展[J]．城市环境与城市生态,2001，14(6)1-4．
[28]苏春江．财政支农投入与城乡体化关系研究[J]．技术经济．2009(5)
[29] 郭翔宇，颜华．统筹城乡发展—理论-机制-对策[M]．中国农业出版社,2007：75-101
[30]朱希刚．农业技术经济分析方法及应用[M]．中国农业出版社,1997：158-163
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