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地球重力场模型(EGM96)三维可视化
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摘要
随着现代重力探测技术的不断发展,特别是航空重力测量技术的改进和完善以及新一代卫星重力测量计划的实现,人类获取的重力场信息也越来越丰富,全球和局部重力场模型的准确度和分辨率取得了重大突破。地球重力场模型数据所表达的是一个三维空间实体,而目前对重力场模型的表达还停留在数学公式或者简单的二维等值线图的水平上,模型数据可视化与理论研究没有同步。因此,将飞速发展的三维可视化技术与之结合,是地球重力场理论研究发展的需要,同时它也是构建数字地球的基础。
     本研究正是以此为出发点,设计并实现了地球重力场模型(EGM96)三维可视化系统软件。研究内容主要包括以下两个部分:
     1.对系统进行需求分析和数据分析,不依靠任何GIS平台,设计系统的结构和功能模块,建立单机VR环境和双机双投VR环境的真三维软件系统。
     2.系统底层使用C/C++源码开发,三维图形接口遵循OpenGL标准,实现功能模块所设计的功能。该部分主要解决了以下几个问题:1)采用将极区与其他地区分开建模的思想,便于顶点法向量计算和程序实现;2)动态改变大地水准面差距与地球半径的比值,改善了地球形状的三维表达效果;3)结合地图投影变换的原理,建立地球椭球点与纹理坐标的对应关系,丰富了计算机图形学中只有圆柱面映射和球面映射的纹理映射算法,提高了纹理映射的精度;4)结合数据分块和按视点距离对规则网格进行分层,并对每层数据隔行采样的方法,实现多分变率模型数据的实时显示。
With the development of space technique, the geo-potential model, determined from satellite measurements and surface gravity observation, has been improved continuously, with higher resolution and precision. Geo-potential model is a three-dimensional entity, but it is showed in the style of formula or isoline graphics. So, 3d visualization of geo-potential model data has not keep up with the academic study. It is needed by academic study of the earth's gravity potential and is the foundation of Digital Earth.
    We have designed and implemented the software of 3D visualization of Geo-potential model, EGM96. There are two parts in the research:
    1.The requirement analysis and data analysis have been done. We designed the structure and functional models and built up the application software in single computer or double computers and double projectors environments without any GIS platform supported.
    2.With the base of the software being built up by C/C++ Source code and the 3D graphical interface following OpenGL, we implement all the functions of functional models. Some problems are settled in the study: 1) Adopting the idea of dividing the earth into two parts, it is easy to implement the process and calculate the vector. 2) Dynamic changing the scale of geoid undulations and the radius of the earth, the video mode of the earth figure is improved. 3) According to the theory of map projection, we establish the corresponding relations of the spatial points and the texture ones. This way also enriches the texture mapping methods of the computer graphics which only has columnar or spherical rules. This way also improves the precision of texture mapping. 4) Combining the techniques of partition and division method based on grid datum which may be interleaved, we can accelerate the real-time rendering of 3D scenes of multiple of details.
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