用户名: 密码: 验证码:
基于GPS/GIS城市公共汽车实时调度系统的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
城市公交车辆的运行环境是一个庞大的、开放的动态系统,其道路状况是随时间变化而变化的。由于存在着许多随机和不确定因素,静态的调度不能反映公交运营车辆实际运行环境动态变化特征,也不能满足乘客对公共汽车的需求。如何应用现代科学技术,改善目前的调度管理水平,提高服务质量,是当前城市发展一个十分重要的问题。由于GIS具有强大空间查询和空间分析功能,GPS技术可以为公交车辆定位,二者结合起来可以对车辆的运行状况信息实时显示,达到动态调度的目的。
     本文分析了我国城市交通存在的问题,探讨了我国现有的公交车辆调度管理模式的不足,论证了采用实时调度的必要性,介绍和研究了GPS和GIS技术的基本原理,针对实时调度系统的特点进行了电子地图数据库的设计,并对电子地图建立的一些关键技术进行了研究。同时在分析系统需求后,进行了系统的软硬件设计,并探讨了整个系统的建构流程和数据处理,而且对系统研制过程中的一些关键技术进行了理论研究和分析,给出了具体的解决方案,提出了一种新的地图匹配方法。本文避免了传统公交车辆调度系统的盲目性和经验性,为智能公交系统的开发提供了理论依据,对缓解城市通拥挤和促进公共交通的发展,具有一定的参考价值。
The operational environment of urban public transit vehicle is a large and open dynamic system, whose road condition varies with time. Because of many random and uncertain factors available, static dispatching can't both reflect dynamic features of public transit vehicle operation environment and meet the requirement of passengers to public transit. It is an important issue of urban development how to utilize modern science and technology, improve current dispatching management level and increase the service quality. Because GIS has the advantages of strong space query and space analysis, and GPS technology can position the public vehicle, the two combination enable the operation condition of vehicles to reveal real-time information and amount to the goal of dynamic dispatching.
    By analyzing the problems of urban traffic and discussing the deficiency of management pattern in the field of public vehicle dispatching, the article enumerates the essence of real-time dispatching and discusses the construction procedure of the whole system. Moreover, the electronic mapping database is designed pointing at the features of real-time dispatching system and some key technologies of establishment are studied. Meantime, after analyzing the system demand, the system software and hardware design is made, the construction procedure and data processing of the whole system is investigated, and some critical technologies during the course of system development and concrete answers are presented. Finally, this paper avoids the blindness and empiricism of traditional public transit dispatching system, provides intelligent public transit system with oriental foundation and reveals certain referring value to alleviate the urban traffic congestion and improve the development of public traffic.
引文
[1] 王炜,杨新苗,陈学武.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.1.东南大学出版社.2002:210-217
    [2] 杨兆升.智能运输系统概论.1.人民交通出版社.2003:385-387
    [3] 陆化普.智能运输系统.1.人民交通出版社.2003.1—2
    [4] 周忠谟,易杰军,周琪.GPS测量原理与应用.1.测绘出版社.1997:30-90
    [5] 陆化普.日本职能公共交通系统的开发应用现状与展望.国外城市规划.1999(3):34-37
    [6] 尚刚.陈宝.智能交通系统(ITS)在日本的发展综述.华东公路.1999(3):23-25
    [7] 张飞舟,范跃祖,孙先仿.智能化交通系统中的智能化公共交通系统.系统工程.1999(7):37-38
    [8] 熊艳舞.澳大利亚ITS纵览与展望.交通世界.2002(2):25-27
    [9] 石友服.美国智能交通的发展现状及规划.交通世界.2002(8):34-36
    [10] 朱光,季晓燕,戎兵.地理信息系统基本原理与应用.1.测绘出版社.1997:50-57
    [11] 彭永雄.城市公共交通营运调度系统发展方向.城市公共交通.2001(2):45
    [12] 魏兴涛等.车辆定位与导航系统中的电子地图.微电脑应用.2000(3):19
    [13] 罗成平等.建立适合于车载导航系统的电子地图.测绘通报.1994(4):34-35
    [14] 陈立潮,陈文婷.电子地图与地理信息系统.电脑开发与应用.1997(2):53
    [15] 齐清文.GIS环境下面向地理特征的制图概况的理论与方法.地理学报.1998(4):53
    [16] 刘春,史文中,刘大杰.导航电子地图中道路数据的空间索引和组织.工程勘察.2003(1):39
    [17] 刘春,姚连璧.车载导航电子地图中道路数据的空间逻辑描述.同济大学学报.2002(3):347-348
    
    
    [18] 李曙光,荆便顺,尹如军,苏彦民.交通电子地图设计和制作.西安公路交通大学学报.2001(1):79
    [19] 邵全琴,周成虎,张明金,季民.基于图层2地图2图集层次结构的电子地图数据组织方法.高技术通讯.2001(3):55
    [20] 樊彦国,李瑞华.电子地图制作过程中的图形定向问题.测绘通报.1998(4):26
    [21] 肖德琴,周权.电子地图制图的误差校正方法.重庆师范大学学报.1999(3):57~59
    [22] Shi W Z. Modelling Positional and Thematic Uncertaintiesin Integration of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems. Enschede . ITC Publication , 1994(1):147
    [22] 徐建刚,韩雪培,陈启宁.城市规划信息系统技术开发及应用.1.东南大学出版社.2001:55
    [23] 彭永雄,方华京.城市公共交通运营调度系统的研究与应用.公路与汽运.2001(2):42
    [24] 陈南,高扬.数字地图在车辆导航中应用的若干技术问题.武汉大学学报(信息科学版).2002(4):145
    [25] 邓晖,吴笃斌.GPS、GIS、GSM技术在特种服务车辆监控中的应用.电子技术.2001(7):23-26
    [26] 关可,林薇.GPS(全球定位系统)在汽车交通管理中的应用.西安公路交通大学学报.1999(1):92-93
    [27] 刘佐,周传明,王波,陈大伟.地理信息系统(GIS)在车辆导航系统中的应用研究.交通与计算机.2000(6):11-12
    [28] 童瑞华,李军,陈宏盛,景宁.一种基于GPS与GIS集成的车辆追踪系统解决方案.计算机工程与科学.2002(1):29-31
    [29] 鲍敏.车载GPS接收机与PC机的串口通讯及数据截取.电脑与信息技术.2003(3):44
    [30] 许志海,张昭云,陈应东.车辆导航系统中定位数据处理和地图匹配技术.测绘学院学报.2003(12):247—249
    [31] 赵亦林.车辆定位与导航系统.1.电子工业出版社.1999:88-90
    [32] 林珲.地理信息系统的发展与前景.1.科学出版社.1993:1-2
    [33] 杨东援.交通规划决策支持系统.2.同济大学出版社.1997:38~49
    [34] 黄溅华,张国伍.公共交通实时放车调度方法研究.系统工程理论与实
    
    践.2001(3):107-108
    [35] 陶鹏.MapInfo在基于GPS/GIS的车辆监控系统中的应用.现代电子技术.2001(3):64
    [36] David, A. cain, Barry R. Pekilis, P. Eng. AVLC Technology Today :A Developmental History of Automatic Vehicle Location and Control Systems for the Transit Environment. IEE vehicle &Information Systems Conference. 1993:581-583
    [37] 张国庆.基于GIS平台的城市交通规划管理信息系统研究.新疆农业大学硕士论文.2000:5
    [38] 全球智能运输系统发展展望.http://www.zjquik.com/file/jtzn.htm
    [39] 肖忠,刘钊,史建雄.电子地图录入关键技术研究.电子科技大学学报.1999(12):585
    [40] Hisaya Ohdake. On Construction of A Public Transportation Priority Sytem(PTPS).IEE. 1999:550-552
    [41] G. Derekenaris, J. Garofalakis, C. Makris, J. Prentzas, S. Sioutas, A, Tsakalidis. Integrating GIS, GPS and GSM technologies for the e. ective management of ambulances. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. 2001(25):267-270
    [42] Loukas G. Arvanitis, Balaji Ramachandran,Daniel P. Brackett, Hesham Abd-El Rasol, Xuesong DU .Multiresource inventories incorporating GIS, GPS and database management systems: aconceptual model. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2000(28):89-91
    [43] Ziqi Liao Taxi Dispatching via Global Positioning Systems. IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management. 2001(8):342-345
    [44] N. Lacey, M. Cameron. Mayday in the Rockies: Colorado' s GPS Based Emergency Vehicle Location System. GPS World. 1995(10) :40-47
    [45] X. M. Yang, X.W. Chen, Integrated Decision Support Sytems Designed for Chinese City Public Transportation Planning &Operation. The IEE 5th International Conference OnIntelligent Transportation System. 2002:818-819
    [46] C. M. Thong, W. G. Wong .Using GIS To Design A Traffic Information Database for urban Transport Lanning. Computer, Environ. and Urban Systems. 1997(6):425
    
    
    [47] Kenneth J. Dueker, J. Allison Butler. A geographic information system framework for transportation data sharing. Transportation Research Part C. 2000(3):15
    [48] 杨兆升,胡坚明.中国智能公共交通系统框架与实施方案研究.交通运输系统工程与信息.2001(1):39-41
    [49] Christopher E. White, David Bernstein, Alain L. Kornhauser. Some map matching algorithms for personal navigation assistants. Transportation Research Part C. 2000(8):93-96
    [50] Samer S. Saab. A Map Matching Approach for Train Positioning Part Ⅱ: Application and Experimentation. IEEE Trabsactions on Vechile Technology. 2000(3):476
    [51] 李建军,黄庆,陈涛.基于地图匹配的车辆监控系统的研究.交通与计算机.2004(1):11-13
    [52] Valentin Enescu, Hichem. Sahli. Mutiple Model Estemation Scheme for Map Matching. The IEE 5th International Conference On Intelligent Transportation:577
    [53] Fuminri Morisue, Ken Ikeda. Evaluation of Map Matching Techniques. IEEE Intelligent Transportation. 1989:23-24
    [54] 董绪荣,孟庆洁,任宇飞.车辆GPS/DR组合导航方法研究.指挥技术学院学报[J].2001(6):23~25
    [55] 何银虎.中国城市公共交通运营与管理实务全书.世图音像出版社.1998:63-73
    [56] Christopher D. Condit. Components of dynamic digital maps. Computers & Geosciences. 1999(5):512-513
    [57] Yong li Kim,Min ho Park, Mu Wook Pyeon. Standardization of digital road map database for vehicle navigation in Korea. Computer Environ and Urban Systems. 1995(4):314-315
    [58] J. l. Laxton, K. Becken. The design and implementation of a spatial database for the production of geological maps. Computers & Geosciences. 1996(7):45-48
    [59] K.A. Bain ,J.R.A. Giles. A standard model for storage of geological map data. Computer Environ and Urban Systems. 1997(6):617
    [60] Pen Shanhung ,Tsui Chunsu. Map-Matching Algorithm of GPS
    
    Vehicle Navigation System.http://www. gisdevelopment, net/aars//1998/ts6/ts6004. shtml
    [61] Shree S. Nath, John P. Bolte ,Lindsay G. Ross, Jose. Applications of geographical information systems (GIS) for spatial decision support in aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering. 2000(23):237-239
    [62] 吴信才等.地理信息系统原理与方法.1.电子工业出版社.2002:11-13
    [63] 邢继德,蔡依萍,李东.地理信息系统与地理教学.1.浙江大学版社.2001:10
    [64] 陈述彭.地理信息系统原理、方法与应用.1.科学出版社.2001:12-16
    [65] 王惠南.GPS导航原理与应用.1.科学出版社.2003:1-11

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700