化学物质诱导马铃薯抗真菌病害及其机理的研究
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摘要
本实验首先是从32种化学物质中筛选能够诱导马铃薯抗早疫病的化学物质。实验结果显示草酸、KCl、FeSO_4、Na_2SiO_3、MnSO_4、NaH_2PO_4、3，5-二硝基水杨酸、5-磺基水杨酸、对氨基苯甲酸、苯酚、苯甲酸、吲哚乙酸、Na_2MoO_4共13种化学物质均能够诱导马铃薯块茎抗早疫病，并均不具有体外抑菌活性。研究了5-磺基水杨酸和苯酚按不同比例混合后组成的复合试剂诱导马铃薯块茎抗早疫病的效果。结果显示，这2种化学物质单一诱导马铃薯块茎抗早疫病效果均好于复合试剂。复合试剂诱导效应被削弱的原因有待进一步分析。
在上述实验基础上，开展了使用诱导马铃薯抗早疫病效果较好的草酸等13种化学物质诱导马铃薯块茎抗晚疫病的研究。结果显示，其中的10种化学物质(草酸、FeSO_4、NaH_2PO_4、3，5-二硝基水杨酸、5-磺基水杨酸、对氨基苯甲酸、苯酚、苯甲酸、吲哚乙酸、Na_2MoO_4)均可增强马铃薯块茎对晚疫病的抗性。10种化学物质中，除NaH_2PO_4诱导马铃薯块茎对晚疫病和早疫病产生抗性的最佳浓度不同外，其余9种化学物质诱导马铃薯块茎对这两种病害增强抗性的最佳浓度相同。KCl、MnSO_4、Na_2SiO_3等3种化学物质没有表现出明显的诱导抗晚疫病效果，推测其具体原因可能与病原菌不同有关，但尚有待进一步分析。
最后，本实验探讨了草酸等13种诱导马铃薯抗早疫病效果良好的化学物质对马铃薯块茎中POD、PAL、PPO等3种植物防御酶活性的影响。结果显示：KCl、FeSO_4、Na_2MoO_4、5-磺基水杨酸、对氨基苯甲酸、苯酚、苯甲酸等7种化学物质诱导处理马铃薯块茎后，POD、PAL、PPO 3种酶活性均出现不同程度地提高；Na_2SiO_3、MnSO_4、3，5-二硝基水杨酸、草酸、吲哚乙酸等5种化学物质诱导处理马铃薯块茎后，POD、PAL、PPO 3种酶中有一种或两种酶的活性被明显提高。上述12种化学物质诱导处理马铃薯块茎后，POD、PPO、PAL最高活性的出现具有半系统性。推测它们可能通过提高植物体内这些防御酶系的活性，发挥诱导马铃薯抗真菌病害的作用。NaH_2PO_4处理马铃薯块茎后，POD、PAL、PPO等3种酶的活性虽均有不同程度的提高，但与对照相比没有明显增强，推测Na_2H_2PO_4可能通过其他方式使马铃薯块茎产生抗病效果。
In our research 32 chemicals were used to induce resistance for potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) tubers against early blight, respectively. 13 chemicals, including oxalic acid, potassium chloride (KC1), ferrous sulfate (FeSO_4), Phenol, 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, sodium molybdate (Na_2MoO_4), sodium metasilicate (Na_2SiO_3), sodium dihydrogen (NaH_2PO_4) , benzoic acid, para amino benzoic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, manganous sulfate (MnSO_4) could induce sub-systemic resistance of potato tubers against Alternaria solani, while they couldn't inhibit the growth of A. solani in vitro. Effects of compounds mixed from Phenol and 5-sulfosalicylic acid on the induction resistance for potato tubers against early blight was also investigated. Results showed that these compounds could not induce sub-systemic resistance of potato tubers against A solani.We also used above-mentioned 13 chemicals to induce resistance for potato tubers against late blight. Results showed that most of these chemicals could induce sub-systemic resistance of potato tubers against Phytophthora infestans. KC1, MnSO_4, Na_2SiO_3 could not induce resistance of potato tubers against P. infestans. It seemed that was were related to the different pathogens.This research investigated the mechanism of inducing sub-systemic acquired resistance for potato tubers with 13 chemicals. The activity of peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenolo oxidase (PPO) which were related to sub-systemic resistance for the induced tubers were enhanced by 12 chemicasls. It seemed that the sub-systemic resistance induced for potato tubers to A. solani and P. infestans by some chemicals via activating POD, PAL and PPO.
在上述实验基础上，开展了使用诱导马铃薯抗早疫病效果较好的草酸等13种化学物质诱导马铃薯块茎抗晚疫病的研究。结果显示，其中的10种化学物质(草酸、FeSO_4、NaH_2PO_4、3，5-二硝基水杨酸、5-磺基水杨酸、对氨基苯甲酸、苯酚、苯甲酸、吲哚乙酸、Na_2MoO_4)均可增强马铃薯块茎对晚疫病的抗性。10种化学物质中，除NaH_2PO_4诱导马铃薯块茎对晚疫病和早疫病产生抗性的最佳浓度不同外，其余9种化学物质诱导马铃薯块茎对这两种病害增强抗性的最佳浓度相同。KCl、MnSO_4、Na_2SiO_3等3种化学物质没有表现出明显的诱导抗晚疫病效果，推测其具体原因可能与病原菌不同有关，但尚有待进一步分析。
最后，本实验探讨了草酸等13种诱导马铃薯抗早疫病效果良好的化学物质对马铃薯块茎中POD、PAL、PPO等3种植物防御酶活性的影响。结果显示：KCl、FeSO_4、Na_2MoO_4、5-磺基水杨酸、对氨基苯甲酸、苯酚、苯甲酸等7种化学物质诱导处理马铃薯块茎后，POD、PAL、PPO 3种酶活性均出现不同程度地提高；Na_2SiO_3、MnSO_4、3，5-二硝基水杨酸、草酸、吲哚乙酸等5种化学物质诱导处理马铃薯块茎后，POD、PAL、PPO 3种酶中有一种或两种酶的活性被明显提高。上述12种化学物质诱导处理马铃薯块茎后，POD、PPO、PAL最高活性的出现具有半系统性。推测它们可能通过提高植物体内这些防御酶系的活性，发挥诱导马铃薯抗真菌病害的作用。NaH_2PO_4处理马铃薯块茎后，POD、PAL、PPO等3种酶的活性虽均有不同程度的提高，但与对照相比没有明显增强，推测Na_2H_2PO_4可能通过其他方式使马铃薯块茎产生抗病效果。
In our research 32 chemicals were used to induce resistance for potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) tubers against early blight, respectively. 13 chemicals, including oxalic acid, potassium chloride (KC1), ferrous sulfate (FeSO_4), Phenol, 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, sodium molybdate (Na_2MoO_4), sodium metasilicate (Na_2SiO_3), sodium dihydrogen (NaH_2PO_4) , benzoic acid, para amino benzoic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, manganous sulfate (MnSO_4) could induce sub-systemic resistance of potato tubers against Alternaria solani, while they couldn't inhibit the growth of A. solani in vitro. Effects of compounds mixed from Phenol and 5-sulfosalicylic acid on the induction resistance for potato tubers against early blight was also investigated. Results showed that these compounds could not induce sub-systemic resistance of potato tubers against A solani.We also used above-mentioned 13 chemicals to induce resistance for potato tubers against late blight. Results showed that most of these chemicals could induce sub-systemic resistance of potato tubers against Phytophthora infestans. KC1, MnSO_4, Na_2SiO_3 could not induce resistance of potato tubers against P. infestans. It seemed that was were related to the different pathogens.This research investigated the mechanism of inducing sub-systemic acquired resistance for potato tubers with 13 chemicals. The activity of peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenolo oxidase (PPO) which were related to sub-systemic resistance for the induced tubers were enhanced by 12 chemicasls. It seemed that the sub-systemic resistance induced for potato tubers to A. solani and P. infestans by some chemicals via activating POD, PAL and PPO.
引文
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