数字摄影测量技术在油气田地面建设中的研究与应用
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摘要
随着航空、航天技术和计算机数字图像处理技术的发展,摄影测量设备成本大幅度降低,数字摄影测量已经成为大规模、大区域测量的主要手段,经过相关数据处理之后能够提供丰富的地理空间信息资料。目前,该技术已被广泛地应用于国民经济的各个行业,在国民经济的建设发展中发挥着重要作用。
随着“数字油田”在石油行业中兴起,数字摄影测量技术的研究应用在石油天然气行业中也备受关注。然而目前,数字摄影测量技术只是在一些大型重点工程中得到了应用,就应用方式而言,也还只是替代传统测量手段的简单应用,其丰富的三维地理信息和影像信息没有得到充分利用,其多元的数字产品只是简单的替代了传统的测量图纸,数字摄影测量技术潜力也没有很好地发掘,没有形成一套完整的技术体系。
为此,本文针对石油行业的勘察设计特点和需要,研究以数字摄影测量技术为主体的野外勘察、内业成图和设计一体化的集成技术,以解决了石油行业地面建设勘察设计中亟待解决的相关关键技术,为形成了适合石油行业勘察设计的技术方法提供支持。
在管线勘察设计中,以航空和卫星遥感影像数据为基础,以三维漫游技术进行线路初选和优化更为直观,能够提高选线的质量和选线效率。通过数字影像解译,可以获取沿线相关地质条件的初步信息,如区域地质、断裂带、水文地质、岩性分布及不良地质条件等,大大减少了野外工作量。在提高线路GPS控制网精度的方面,研究了适合于线路工程GPS高程拟合的方法—拉格朗日插值拟合方法及GPS技术在像控测量中的应用。以野外数字化采集、航空摄影与遥感为主要的勘察测量数据采集为基础,研究了设计石油天然气管道线路勘察设计一体化的数据生产软件体系。
实现了地理空间数据中管线空间信息的自动提取,能够大规模快速地向线路设计系统提供三维地形基础信息数据。实现了线路中线成果、断面数据的自动提取,在数字产品上自动标记转角和桩号。施工图图面采用正射影像平面图、数字高程模型、数字线划图与纵断面图分层叠加,图面信息丰富直观,设计人员可以同步进行纵断面和平面设计,更加方便施工和管理。利用的3S技术,生产出的4D产品具有现实性强,信息量丰富,成果多样性等特点,可以制作和生成多用途的数字化勘察测绘资料和产品,也为数字管道奠定坚实的空间数据基础。
With the evelopment of digital image processing techniques, the cost of photogrammetry equipment has been declined, the digital photogrammetry has been the main means for large scale and area surveying, and it can provide abundant geography information. Now this technology has been widely used in the every industry of national economic, playing a very important effect.
With the concept of "digital oil field" has been put forward, the research and application of digital photogrammetry attracted much more attentions in the petroleum and natural gas industry. However the technology was used just in the very important project., and it is just the simple substitute of the traditional survey method. Its abundant three-dimensional geography and image information wasn't fully used, Its abundant digital products were the simple substitute of the traditional surveying maps. Digital photogrammetry technical potential wasn't well used, and didn't form a suit of integrated technical system.
So, this paper has conformed a series of integrated technology about field-reconnaissance, office operation and the design on the basis of the characteristic and needs of the petroleum industry,to resolve related key techniques about reconnaissance and design of ground construction in the petroleum industry, Supported on conforming technical methods suitable for the reconnaissance and design of the petroleum industry. It makes the digitization gathering in field,the digital photogrammetry and the remote sensing as main foundation of reconnaissance metrical data gathering, has studied data production software system to the reconnaissance designing integration of petroleum gas pipeline.
At the process of pipeline reconnaissance and design, being based on the remote sensing images, we can optimize the pipeline route through three-dimensional roaming technology, also we can advance the work efficiency and quality. Through the image interpreting, we can get the geologic information nearby of the pipeline. For example, regional geology, rupture zone, hydro-geology, lithology distribution. It can reduce the amount of work to preliminary geotechnical investigation in field. In advancing precision about route GPS control network, we explored the GPS elevation fitting mothod suitable for route engineering that called the fitting method .of lagrange interpolation. The automatic collection of the pipeline spatial information in geography data has come true, from this we can quickly supply geography information data for route design system.
We can automatically extract the vertical section data and midline products, then automark the corner and stake number of the pipeline. We use the digital orthophoto map, digital elevation model, digital line graphic and vertical section graphic to make up of the shop drawing, so the drawing information will be abundant and intuitionistic, then it can make the design work much easy and convenient for construction and management.
随着“数字油田”在石油行业中兴起,数字摄影测量技术的研究应用在石油天然气行业中也备受关注。然而目前,数字摄影测量技术只是在一些大型重点工程中得到了应用,就应用方式而言,也还只是替代传统测量手段的简单应用,其丰富的三维地理信息和影像信息没有得到充分利用,其多元的数字产品只是简单的替代了传统的测量图纸,数字摄影测量技术潜力也没有很好地发掘,没有形成一套完整的技术体系。
为此,本文针对石油行业的勘察设计特点和需要,研究以数字摄影测量技术为主体的野外勘察、内业成图和设计一体化的集成技术,以解决了石油行业地面建设勘察设计中亟待解决的相关关键技术,为形成了适合石油行业勘察设计的技术方法提供支持。
在管线勘察设计中,以航空和卫星遥感影像数据为基础,以三维漫游技术进行线路初选和优化更为直观,能够提高选线的质量和选线效率。通过数字影像解译,可以获取沿线相关地质条件的初步信息,如区域地质、断裂带、水文地质、岩性分布及不良地质条件等,大大减少了野外工作量。在提高线路GPS控制网精度的方面,研究了适合于线路工程GPS高程拟合的方法—拉格朗日插值拟合方法及GPS技术在像控测量中的应用。以野外数字化采集、航空摄影与遥感为主要的勘察测量数据采集为基础,研究了设计石油天然气管道线路勘察设计一体化的数据生产软件体系。
实现了地理空间数据中管线空间信息的自动提取,能够大规模快速地向线路设计系统提供三维地形基础信息数据。实现了线路中线成果、断面数据的自动提取,在数字产品上自动标记转角和桩号。施工图图面采用正射影像平面图、数字高程模型、数字线划图与纵断面图分层叠加,图面信息丰富直观,设计人员可以同步进行纵断面和平面设计,更加方便施工和管理。利用的3S技术,生产出的4D产品具有现实性强,信息量丰富,成果多样性等特点,可以制作和生成多用途的数字化勘察测绘资料和产品,也为数字管道奠定坚实的空间数据基础。
With the evelopment of digital image processing techniques, the cost of photogrammetry equipment has been declined, the digital photogrammetry has been the main means for large scale and area surveying, and it can provide abundant geography information. Now this technology has been widely used in the every industry of national economic, playing a very important effect.
With the concept of "digital oil field" has been put forward, the research and application of digital photogrammetry attracted much more attentions in the petroleum and natural gas industry. However the technology was used just in the very important project., and it is just the simple substitute of the traditional survey method. Its abundant three-dimensional geography and image information wasn't fully used, Its abundant digital products were the simple substitute of the traditional surveying maps. Digital photogrammetry technical potential wasn't well used, and didn't form a suit of integrated technical system.
So, this paper has conformed a series of integrated technology about field-reconnaissance, office operation and the design on the basis of the characteristic and needs of the petroleum industry,to resolve related key techniques about reconnaissance and design of ground construction in the petroleum industry, Supported on conforming technical methods suitable for the reconnaissance and design of the petroleum industry. It makes the digitization gathering in field,the digital photogrammetry and the remote sensing as main foundation of reconnaissance metrical data gathering, has studied data production software system to the reconnaissance designing integration of petroleum gas pipeline.
At the process of pipeline reconnaissance and design, being based on the remote sensing images, we can optimize the pipeline route through three-dimensional roaming technology, also we can advance the work efficiency and quality. Through the image interpreting, we can get the geologic information nearby of the pipeline. For example, regional geology, rupture zone, hydro-geology, lithology distribution. It can reduce the amount of work to preliminary geotechnical investigation in field. In advancing precision about route GPS control network, we explored the GPS elevation fitting mothod suitable for route engineering that called the fitting method .of lagrange interpolation. The automatic collection of the pipeline spatial information in geography data has come true, from this we can quickly supply geography information data for route design system.
We can automatically extract the vertical section data and midline products, then automark the corner and stake number of the pipeline. We use the digital orthophoto map, digital elevation model, digital line graphic and vertical section graphic to make up of the shop drawing, so the drawing information will be abundant and intuitionistic, then it can make the design work much easy and convenient for construction and management.
引文
[1]张祖勋,张剑清等.数字摄影测量学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1997.1
[2]杨凯,卢健,林开愚等.遥感图像处理原理与方法[M].测绘出版社,1988.11
[3]陈述彭,赵英时.遥感地学分析[M].测绘出版社,1990.5
[4]阎守邕.现代遥感技术系统及其发展趋势[J].环境遥感,1995.4
[5]梅安新,彭望禄,秦其明,刘慧平.遥感导论[M].高等教育出版社,2001.7
[6]胡著智,王慧麟,陈钦峦.遥感技术与地学应用[M].高等大学出版社,1999.5
[7]刘正军,冯学智等.基于GIS和遥感技术集成的土地利用现状动态监测[J].遥感信息,2000.1
[8]陈昱.用遥感信息提取地表覆盖实况的几种方法[J].遥感与地理制图,1984.3
[9]聂跃平.环境地质遥感[J].遥感技术与运用,1994.5
[10]曹五丰,秦其明.基于知识的卫星数字图像公路信息提取研究[J].北京大学学报,1998.4
[11]张永生.遥感图像信息系统[M].科学出版社,2000
[12]秦其明.遥感图像自动解译面临的问题与解决的途径[J].测绘科学.2000,25(2)
[13]孙家柄等.遥感原理、方法和应用[M].测绘出版社,1997
[14]骆剑承,杨艳.遥感地学分析的智能化研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(3)
[15]杜红星.全数字摄影测量在文物保护中的应用[J].测绘标准化,2002,18(4)
[16]赵锐.遥感数字制图原理与方法[M].测绘出版社.1990
[17]曹子荣.应用数字摄影测量系统VirtuoZo测绘“数字厦门”[J].测绘标准化,2002,18(1)
[18]周忠谟,易杰军,周琪.GPS卫星测量原理与应用[M].测绘出版社,1997
[19]李征航,徐德宝,董挹英,刘彩璋.空间大地测量理论基础[M].武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1998
[20]张勤,李家权,全球定位系统(GPS)测量原理及数据处理基础[M].西安地图出版社,2001
[21]施品浩.GPS定位技术的又一里程碑-RTK[J].导航,1994-3
[22]李相庭.GPS在线路工程测量中的研究与应用[J].测绘标准化,2002,18(1)
[23]施妙根,顾丽珍.科学和工程计算基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.7。
[24]宋兆基,徐流美.MATLAB6.5在科学计算中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.1。
[25]邬伦,刘瑜等.地理信息系统[M].科学出版社,2001
[26]张祖勋.数字摄影测量的发展与展望[J].地理信息世界,2004,Vol.3,No.1
[27]李德仁,周月琴,金为铣.摄影测量与遥感概论[M].北京:测绘出版社,2001.1
[28]李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型[M].武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2000
[29]J.A.Richards,Xiuping Jia,Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis[J],Spring-Verlag,Berlin,1998
[30]Peter J.G.Teunissen,Alfred Kleusberg.GPS for Geodesy[J].Springer-Verlag Berlin,1998
[31]B.Hofmann-Wellenhof,H.Lichtenegger,J.Collins.GPS Theory and Practice[M].Springer Wien/New-York,1994.
[32]P.J.Curran.Simple size for ground and remotely sensed data[J],Remote Sensing of Environment,No.1,1986
[33]Hinter J.C.,GIS and Remote Sensing Intergration for Environmental Applications[J],Int.J.Geographical Information System,1996,10(7)
[2]杨凯,卢健,林开愚等.遥感图像处理原理与方法[M].测绘出版社,1988.11
[3]陈述彭,赵英时.遥感地学分析[M].测绘出版社,1990.5
[4]阎守邕.现代遥感技术系统及其发展趋势[J].环境遥感,1995.4
[5]梅安新,彭望禄,秦其明,刘慧平.遥感导论[M].高等教育出版社,2001.7
[6]胡著智,王慧麟,陈钦峦.遥感技术与地学应用[M].高等大学出版社,1999.5
[7]刘正军,冯学智等.基于GIS和遥感技术集成的土地利用现状动态监测[J].遥感信息,2000.1
[8]陈昱.用遥感信息提取地表覆盖实况的几种方法[J].遥感与地理制图,1984.3
[9]聂跃平.环境地质遥感[J].遥感技术与运用,1994.5
[10]曹五丰,秦其明.基于知识的卫星数字图像公路信息提取研究[J].北京大学学报,1998.4
[11]张永生.遥感图像信息系统[M].科学出版社,2000
[12]秦其明.遥感图像自动解译面临的问题与解决的途径[J].测绘科学.2000,25(2)
[13]孙家柄等.遥感原理、方法和应用[M].测绘出版社,1997
[14]骆剑承,杨艳.遥感地学分析的智能化研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(3)
[15]杜红星.全数字摄影测量在文物保护中的应用[J].测绘标准化,2002,18(4)
[16]赵锐.遥感数字制图原理与方法[M].测绘出版社.1990
[17]曹子荣.应用数字摄影测量系统VirtuoZo测绘“数字厦门”[J].测绘标准化,2002,18(1)
[18]周忠谟,易杰军,周琪.GPS卫星测量原理与应用[M].测绘出版社,1997
[19]李征航,徐德宝,董挹英,刘彩璋.空间大地测量理论基础[M].武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1998
[20]张勤,李家权,全球定位系统(GPS)测量原理及数据处理基础[M].西安地图出版社,2001
[21]施品浩.GPS定位技术的又一里程碑-RTK[J].导航,1994-3
[22]李相庭.GPS在线路工程测量中的研究与应用[J].测绘标准化,2002,18(1)
[23]施妙根,顾丽珍.科学和工程计算基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.7。
[24]宋兆基,徐流美.MATLAB6.5在科学计算中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.1。
[25]邬伦,刘瑜等.地理信息系统[M].科学出版社,2001
[26]张祖勋.数字摄影测量的发展与展望[J].地理信息世界,2004,Vol.3,No.1
[27]李德仁,周月琴,金为铣.摄影测量与遥感概论[M].北京:测绘出版社,2001.1
[28]李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型[M].武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2000
[29]J.A.Richards,Xiuping Jia,Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis[J],Spring-Verlag,Berlin,1998
[30]Peter J.G.Teunissen,Alfred Kleusberg.GPS for Geodesy[J].Springer-Verlag Berlin,1998
[31]B.Hofmann-Wellenhof,H.Lichtenegger,J.Collins.GPS Theory and Practice[M].Springer Wien/New-York,1994.
[32]P.J.Curran.Simple size for ground and remotely sensed data[J],Remote Sensing of Environment,No.1,1986
[33]Hinter J.C.,GIS and Remote Sensing Intergration for Environmental Applications[J],Int.J.Geographical Information System,1996,10(7)
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