不同肥料处理对小麦冠层结构影响及形态模拟模型构建
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摘要
2005～2007年在河南农业大学科教园区进行较为系统的大田随机区组试验,研究了等氮条件下无机肥(尿素N)、有机肥(鸡粪OM)和有机无机肥配施(N+OM)三种处理对豫麦34冠层结构特性、群体光分布、产量和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响,同明构建了有机无机肥配施条件下小麦地上部形态模拟模型。主要结果如下:
(1)三种肥料处理下,拔节期到灌浆期小麦冠层平均叶倾角、透光率都随着生育期的推移呈现先减少后增大的趋势,叶面积指数、消光系数呈现先增大后减少的趋势,四个指标的峰值都出现在抽穗期;孕穗期到抽穗30天,三种肥料处理豫麦34的旗叶SPAD值都随着生育期的推移呈现先平缓上升后急剧下降的趋势。透光率与平均叶倾角成正相关,与叶面积指数成显著性负相关,透光率与叶面积指数的相关性要比与平均叶倾角的相关性要大,消光系数与平均叶倾角成显著性负相关,与叶面积指数成显著性正相关。
(2)拔节期,有机无机肥配施处理小麦平均叶倾角最小,为53.89°,叶面积指数、群体透光率、消光系数依次为4.63、0.055和0.63,均处在有机肥处理和无机肥处理之间。孕穗期到灌浆期,有机无机肥配施处理小麦旗叶的叶绿素含量最高,平均叶倾角介于鸡粪和尿素处理之间,为51.96°,叶面积指数、群体消光系数均为最大,分别为5.80和0.66;群体透光率最小,为0.028。有机无机肥配施处理的小麦穗粒数、穗粒重、生物产量、经济产量均高于鸡粪处理和尿素处理。三种肥料处理以有机无机肥配施的最佳,配施处理小麦冠层结构适宜、群体光分布合理、株型最佳。
(3)在试验基础上,采取基于植物结构与功能反馈机制,以生长周期(GC)为时间步长,以叶元为结构单元,建立了有机无机配施条件下的小麦地上部形态模拟模型(包括发育模型、同化物生产模型、同化物分配和积累模型、叶、茎、鞘形态构建模型等),并且小麦叶元数与积温变化呈线性关系。对各模型的检验结果表明:小麦节间长度、节间粗度模拟植与实测值的标准误差(RMSE)分别为1.419和0.053;、叶片长度和叶鞘长度模拟植与实测值间的标准误差分别为1.709和1.950,模拟误差均在允许范围,预测效果较好,说明构建模型实用有效。
The effects of treatments of urea, chicken manure and mixed fertilizer on canopy architecture、grain yield and quality of wheat at the same amount of nitrogen application were systematically studied in field randomized block experiment at Henan Agricultural University Research Station of Scientific Research and Teaching during 2005-2007.The experiment also further study morphology simulation model construction. The results of experiments were as follows:
Firstly, From the jointing stage to filling stage, MTA、DIFN of treatments under urea, chicken manure and mixed fertilizer first decreased and then increased with the advance of growth stage. LAI、K of three treatments first increased and then decreased. The peak of four indexes appeared on the heading stage. From booting stage to 30 d after heading, wheat flag leaves’SPAD of three treatments first gentle increased and then rapid decreased with the advance of growth stage. DIFN had the positive correlations with MTA and the significant negative correlations with LAI. The correlation between DIFN and LAI was bigger than the correlation between DIFN and MTA. K had the significant negative correlations with MTA and the significant positive correlations with LAI.
Secondly, During Jointing stage, average leaf angle of mixed fertilizer treatment was 53.89°, this number was less than that of urea and chicken manure treatment, and its leaf area index, light transmission rate and extinction coefficient was 4.63, 0.055 and 0.63, respectively, and in the middle of the three treatments. From booting stage to grain filling stage, the average leaf angle of mixed fertilizer treatment was 51.96°, and in the middle of the three treatments; Leaf area index and extinction coefficient number was 5.80 and 0.66, respectively, and were the biggest among the three treatments. Light transmission rate was 0.028, which was the least among the three treatments. Grains of per spike, spike weight, biomass yield, grain yield, quality of the mixed fertilizer treatment were all higher than that of the other two treatments. In general, canopy architecture of wheat was the best, and sunlight distribution was reasonable in mixed fertilizer treatment.
Thirdly, Morphology simulation model construction of wheat in mixed fertilizer treatment was studied. A parallelly simulated model was developed based on the mechanism of feedback between plant morphological architecture and eco-physiological function. In the dissertation, the time interval was set by growth cycle ( GC ) and the architectural unit by metamer. The model was comprised of several sub-modules including developmental model, assimilate production model, and assimilate partitioning and accumulation model and organ’s morphological construction model. The developmental module performs the predictions of wheat growth process based on the linear correlation between the increase in the number of metamers and the change in accumulative temperature. The results of experiments were as follows:Simulated with observed stem length and stem thickness’s RMSE were 1.419 and 0.053. Simulated with observed value of growth of different leaf position and different sheath length’s RMSE were 1.709 and 1.950. Simulated errors were all on allowed range. The show better prediction effect. The model construction were practical and effective.
(1)三种肥料处理下,拔节期到灌浆期小麦冠层平均叶倾角、透光率都随着生育期的推移呈现先减少后增大的趋势,叶面积指数、消光系数呈现先增大后减少的趋势,四个指标的峰值都出现在抽穗期;孕穗期到抽穗30天,三种肥料处理豫麦34的旗叶SPAD值都随着生育期的推移呈现先平缓上升后急剧下降的趋势。透光率与平均叶倾角成正相关,与叶面积指数成显著性负相关,透光率与叶面积指数的相关性要比与平均叶倾角的相关性要大,消光系数与平均叶倾角成显著性负相关,与叶面积指数成显著性正相关。
(2)拔节期,有机无机肥配施处理小麦平均叶倾角最小,为53.89°,叶面积指数、群体透光率、消光系数依次为4.63、0.055和0.63,均处在有机肥处理和无机肥处理之间。孕穗期到灌浆期,有机无机肥配施处理小麦旗叶的叶绿素含量最高,平均叶倾角介于鸡粪和尿素处理之间,为51.96°,叶面积指数、群体消光系数均为最大,分别为5.80和0.66;群体透光率最小,为0.028。有机无机肥配施处理的小麦穗粒数、穗粒重、生物产量、经济产量均高于鸡粪处理和尿素处理。三种肥料处理以有机无机肥配施的最佳,配施处理小麦冠层结构适宜、群体光分布合理、株型最佳。
(3)在试验基础上,采取基于植物结构与功能反馈机制,以生长周期(GC)为时间步长,以叶元为结构单元,建立了有机无机配施条件下的小麦地上部形态模拟模型(包括发育模型、同化物生产模型、同化物分配和积累模型、叶、茎、鞘形态构建模型等),并且小麦叶元数与积温变化呈线性关系。对各模型的检验结果表明:小麦节间长度、节间粗度模拟植与实测值的标准误差(RMSE)分别为1.419和0.053;、叶片长度和叶鞘长度模拟植与实测值间的标准误差分别为1.709和1.950,模拟误差均在允许范围,预测效果较好,说明构建模型实用有效。
The effects of treatments of urea, chicken manure and mixed fertilizer on canopy architecture、grain yield and quality of wheat at the same amount of nitrogen application were systematically studied in field randomized block experiment at Henan Agricultural University Research Station of Scientific Research and Teaching during 2005-2007.The experiment also further study morphology simulation model construction. The results of experiments were as follows:
Firstly, From the jointing stage to filling stage, MTA、DIFN of treatments under urea, chicken manure and mixed fertilizer first decreased and then increased with the advance of growth stage. LAI、K of three treatments first increased and then decreased. The peak of four indexes appeared on the heading stage. From booting stage to 30 d after heading, wheat flag leaves’SPAD of three treatments first gentle increased and then rapid decreased with the advance of growth stage. DIFN had the positive correlations with MTA and the significant negative correlations with LAI. The correlation between DIFN and LAI was bigger than the correlation between DIFN and MTA. K had the significant negative correlations with MTA and the significant positive correlations with LAI.
Secondly, During Jointing stage, average leaf angle of mixed fertilizer treatment was 53.89°, this number was less than that of urea and chicken manure treatment, and its leaf area index, light transmission rate and extinction coefficient was 4.63, 0.055 and 0.63, respectively, and in the middle of the three treatments. From booting stage to grain filling stage, the average leaf angle of mixed fertilizer treatment was 51.96°, and in the middle of the three treatments; Leaf area index and extinction coefficient number was 5.80 and 0.66, respectively, and were the biggest among the three treatments. Light transmission rate was 0.028, which was the least among the three treatments. Grains of per spike, spike weight, biomass yield, grain yield, quality of the mixed fertilizer treatment were all higher than that of the other two treatments. In general, canopy architecture of wheat was the best, and sunlight distribution was reasonable in mixed fertilizer treatment.
Thirdly, Morphology simulation model construction of wheat in mixed fertilizer treatment was studied. A parallelly simulated model was developed based on the mechanism of feedback between plant morphological architecture and eco-physiological function. In the dissertation, the time interval was set by growth cycle ( GC ) and the architectural unit by metamer. The model was comprised of several sub-modules including developmental model, assimilate production model, and assimilate partitioning and accumulation model and organ’s morphological construction model. The developmental module performs the predictions of wheat growth process based on the linear correlation between the increase in the number of metamers and the change in accumulative temperature. The results of experiments were as follows:Simulated with observed stem length and stem thickness’s RMSE were 1.419 and 0.053. Simulated with observed value of growth of different leaf position and different sheath length’s RMSE were 1.709 and 1.950. Simulated errors were all on allowed range. The show better prediction effect. The model construction were practical and effective.
引文
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