1.55μm声光移频器特性的研究
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摘要
激光相干测风雷达是目前大气风场测量的主要手段之一,以其高信噪比和接收带宽短等优点受到各国科学家的重视,激光测风雷达对于数值天气预报、大气动力学研究、航空安全预警和国防应用都有重要的意义和良好的应用前景。本文根据相干激光测风雷达系统中微弱信号检测的需要,针对激光相干测风雷达系统中声光移频器技术问题进行了研究,主要内容如下:
(1)从声波和光波在介质中的耦合波方程出发,利用动量匹配和动量失配分析了介质中的声光互作用规律,得出了声光移频器在正常布拉格衍射条件下的声光偏转特性和声光调制特性。同时以声光移频器的主要指标为基础,对声光移频器的设计方法进行了分析,讨论了声光介质材料的选取、尺寸设计等问题,分析了声光移频器带宽和工作频带的选取问题。
(2)对声光移频器的特性进行了仿真,并且得到了仿真的结果,为实验研究提供了理论依据。
(3)本文采用超声跟踪技术对正常布拉格声光移频器的优化设计方法进行了理论分析,并对优化设计方法进行了仿真,结果表明超声跟踪技术可以解决器件的带宽和换能器长度(和衍射效率成正比)之间的矛盾,与非超声跟踪声光移频器相比,声光移频器的换能器长度提高了4.96倍,相对带宽提高了5.5倍。
(4)对声光移频器进行了实验研究,得出了其声光偏转和声光调制特性曲线,同时测量了声光移频器的中心频率为102.8MHz、布拉格带宽为23.4MHz、布拉格角为17.4mrad及计算了声光移频器的最大衍射效率为22%。实验所得结果与理论基本吻合。
Coherent wind lidar is one of the major means which measures the atmospheric wind fields, with a high signal-to-noise ratio and receive short bandwidth by the advantages, many scientists from various countries attention it. Lidar has important significance and a good prospect in many fields, such as numerical weather prediction, atmospheric dynamics, aviation safety warning and defense applications. Based on the need of coherent wind lidar system weak signal detection, coherent wind lidar systems acoustic frequency shifter technical problems were studied, including:
(1)From the coupling equation about light waves and sound waves in the medium, using momentum matching and momentum mismatch analysis the law about acousto-optic interaction, come to the acousto-optic frequency shifter in normal Bragg diffraction conditions. acousto-optic deflection characteristics and acousto-optic modulation characteristics. Meanwhile, on the basis of acousto-optic frequency shifter the main indicators, analysis the design method on acousto-optic frequency shifter, including selecting the acousto-optic materials, designing size. At last, analysis the acoustic frequency shifter bandwidth and select work bandwidth.
(2)Voice frequency shifter characteristics of the simulation, experimental study provides a theoretical basis;
(3)For normal Bragg acousto-optic frequency shifter, we can make use of ultrasonic tracking technique to resolve the inconsistency between device BW and the length of acoustic transducer, compare with non-ultrasonic tracking, the length is improved by 4.96 times, relative BW is improved by 5.5 times.
(4)According to some experiment about acousto-optic frequency shifter, we acquire characteristic curves about acousto-optic deflection and acousto-optic modulation, Meanwhile we know the mean frequency of acousto-optic frequency shifter to be 102.8MHz, Bragg BW to be 23.4MHz, Bragg angle to be 17.4mrad by measurement, and we calculate the maximum diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic frequency shifter to be 22%. The result from experiment is almost consistent with theory.
(1)从声波和光波在介质中的耦合波方程出发,利用动量匹配和动量失配分析了介质中的声光互作用规律,得出了声光移频器在正常布拉格衍射条件下的声光偏转特性和声光调制特性。同时以声光移频器的主要指标为基础,对声光移频器的设计方法进行了分析,讨论了声光介质材料的选取、尺寸设计等问题,分析了声光移频器带宽和工作频带的选取问题。
(2)对声光移频器的特性进行了仿真,并且得到了仿真的结果,为实验研究提供了理论依据。
(3)本文采用超声跟踪技术对正常布拉格声光移频器的优化设计方法进行了理论分析,并对优化设计方法进行了仿真,结果表明超声跟踪技术可以解决器件的带宽和换能器长度(和衍射效率成正比)之间的矛盾,与非超声跟踪声光移频器相比,声光移频器的换能器长度提高了4.96倍,相对带宽提高了5.5倍。
(4)对声光移频器进行了实验研究,得出了其声光偏转和声光调制特性曲线,同时测量了声光移频器的中心频率为102.8MHz、布拉格带宽为23.4MHz、布拉格角为17.4mrad及计算了声光移频器的最大衍射效率为22%。实验所得结果与理论基本吻合。
Coherent wind lidar is one of the major means which measures the atmospheric wind fields, with a high signal-to-noise ratio and receive short bandwidth by the advantages, many scientists from various countries attention it. Lidar has important significance and a good prospect in many fields, such as numerical weather prediction, atmospheric dynamics, aviation safety warning and defense applications. Based on the need of coherent wind lidar system weak signal detection, coherent wind lidar systems acoustic frequency shifter technical problems were studied, including:
(1)From the coupling equation about light waves and sound waves in the medium, using momentum matching and momentum mismatch analysis the law about acousto-optic interaction, come to the acousto-optic frequency shifter in normal Bragg diffraction conditions. acousto-optic deflection characteristics and acousto-optic modulation characteristics. Meanwhile, on the basis of acousto-optic frequency shifter the main indicators, analysis the design method on acousto-optic frequency shifter, including selecting the acousto-optic materials, designing size. At last, analysis the acoustic frequency shifter bandwidth and select work bandwidth.
(2)Voice frequency shifter characteristics of the simulation, experimental study provides a theoretical basis;
(3)For normal Bragg acousto-optic frequency shifter, we can make use of ultrasonic tracking technique to resolve the inconsistency between device BW and the length of acoustic transducer, compare with non-ultrasonic tracking, the length is improved by 4.96 times, relative BW is improved by 5.5 times.
(4)According to some experiment about acousto-optic frequency shifter, we acquire characteristic curves about acousto-optic deflection and acousto-optic modulation, Meanwhile we know the mean frequency of acousto-optic frequency shifter to be 102.8MHz, Bragg BW to be 23.4MHz, Bragg angle to be 17.4mrad by measurement, and we calculate the maximum diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optic frequency shifter to be 22%. The result from experiment is almost consistent with theory.
引文
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2 E. Nippolainen, D. V. Semenov, A. A. Kamshilin. Dynamic speckle effect induced by an acousto-optic deflector for fast range sensing. Optics Letters. 2005, 30(23):3147～3149
3 L. Poffo, P. Lemaitre-Auger, P. Benech, P. Benech. Improvement of a glass integrated optical displacement sensor interferometer using acousto-optic effect. Measurement Science&Technology, 2005, 16(6):1341～1348
4 J. Gazalet, F. Sainte-Rose, J. E. Lefebvre, T. Gryba. Modeling and characterizationof GaAs/Gal-xAlxAs MQW acousto-electro-opticmodulators IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Proceedings. 2001, vol.l:27～29
5徐介平.声光器件的原理、设计和应用.北京:科学出版社, 1982:43～54, 73～82
6朱京平等.多重散射理论声光耦合波方程的龙格-库塔法数值分析.光子学报, 2005, 34(2):284～287
7 W. R. Klein, B. D. Cook. Unified approach to ultrasonic light diffraction. IEEE Traps Sonics Ultrasonics. 1967, 14(3), 123～140
8 R. K Appel., M. G.. Somekh. Series solution for two-frequency Bragg interactionusing the Kopel-Poon multiple scattering model. JOSA, 1993, 10:466～498
9 C. H. Werner, P. H. Hemnann, O. Reitebuch, F. Koepp, J. Streicher, S. Rahm, E. Nagei, M. Klier, H Herrmann, C. Loth, .P. Delville. Ph. Drobinski. B. Romand} Ch. Boitel, D. Oh, M. Lopez, M.D. Bruneau. A. Dabas, Wind infrared Doppler lidar instrument, Opt. Eng., 2001 Vo1.40(1):115～125
10 MIZUTANI Kohei, ITABE Toshikazu, ISHII Shoken, SASANO Masahiko, AOKI Tetsuo, OHNO Yuichi and ASAI Kazuhiro, Space-borne coherent Doppler lidar, Journal of the Communications Research Laboratory, 2002, Vo1.49(2)
11 Sammy W. Henderson and Stephen M. Hannon, Advanced Coherent Lidar System for Wind Measurements, Lidar Remote Sensing for EnvironmentalMonitoring VI, edited by Upendra N. Singh, Proc. of SPIE Val. 5887 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2005)
12 J. YU, U. N. Singha, J. C. Barnesa, N. P. Bamesa, M. Petros, A high energy 2μm laser for multiple lidar applications, Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environment Monitoring, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4153,2001
13 G. Della Valle, G. Galzerano, A. Toncelli,M. Tonelli,and P. Laporta, Novel solid-state lasers for Lidar applications at 2μm, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 5958 59581 H, 2005
14 R. M. Huffaker and P. A. Reveley, Solid-state coherent laser radar wind field measurement systems Pure Appl. Opt, 'Vo1.7. 1998:863～873
15 MIZUTANI Kohei, ITABE Toshikazu, etc. "Wind Profile Measurements byCoherent Lidar", Journal of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Vo1.51 Nos. l/2. 2004
16 T. Kobayashi, Y. Mizoguchi, T. Matsumura, and S. Kawato. Development of a compact direct-detection Doppler lidar system for wind profiling, Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environment Monitoring, Upendra N. Singh, Toshikazu Itabe, Nobuo Sugimoto, Editors,Proceedings of SPIE, 2001,Vo1. 4153
17 Dongsong Sun, Zhiqing Zhong, Jun Zhou, Huanling Hu, Takao Kobayashi. Accuracy analysis of the Fabry-Perot etalon based Doppler wind lidar, OPTICAL REVIEW, 2005,Vo1.12(5):409~414
18 Zhi-Shen Liu, Dong Wu, Jin-Tao Liu, Kai-Lin Zhang, Wei-Biao Chen, Xiao-Quan Song,Johnathan W. Fair, and Chiao-Yao She. Low-altitude atmospheric wind rneasurementfrom the combined Mie and Rayleigh backscattering by Doppler lidar with an iodine filter, App. Opc, 2002, Vol. 41(33)
19 Pal Mask. Optimization of transducer configuration for bulk acousto-optic tunable filters, Optics Communications. 2004, 241:87～98
20 Aaron Fleischman, Rushabh Modi. Miniature high frequency focused ultrasonic transducers for minimally invasive imaging procedures. Sensors and Actuators, 2003, 103:76～82
21 J. J. Chen, R Zeng, D. M. Li, J. B. Niu, F. Pan. Deposition of high-quality zinc oxide thin films on diamond substrates for high-frequency surface acoustic wave filter applications. Thin Solid Films, 2005, 485(1-2):257～26
22赵伟,李公羽,汪贤秀.导波器件的宽带声光叉指换能器.高技术通讯. 1994,1(1):13～15
23林书玉.超声换能器的原理与设计.北京:科学出版社. 2004:36～49(引言,第三章压电片方程)
24林仲茂,施仲坚,孙承平等译.超声换能器材料.北京:科学出版社. 1979:134～185.
25李晓惠,杨亚培.基于LiNb03波导的共线集成声光器件.激光技术, 2004, 28(4):355～358
26 A Sliwinski. Acousto-optics and its perspectives in research and applications. Ultrasonics, 1990, 28(4):195～213
27 Le Nguyen Binh. Lithium niobate optical modulators:Devices and applications. 3ournal of Crystal Growth, 2006, 288(1):180～187
28 V. L Balakshy. Application of acousto-optic interaction for holographic conversion of light fields. Optics&Laser Technology, 1996, 28(2):109～117
29 Yimin Wang, Norihito Saito, Hideo Tashiro. Unidirectional operation of a ring laser bymeans of anisotropic acousto-optic device. Optics Communications,2002, 207:279～285
30 V. B Voloshinov, V.Ya Molchanov, J.C Mosquera. Spectral and polarization analysis of optical images by means of acousto-optic. Optical&Laser Technology, 1996, 28(2):119～127
31曹跃祖.声光效应原理及应用.物理与工程, 2000, 10 (5):46～52
32 Nabeel, A. Riza. Acousto-optically switched optical delay lines. Optics Communications, 998, 145(1-6):15～20
33 Z Xie, G.. Y Chen, L. J Li.. Dressing of resin-bonded superabrasive grinding wheels by means of acousto-optic Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Optical&Laser Technology, 2004, 36:409～419
34 L Abdulhalim, C. N Pannell, L Reekie. High power short pulse acousto-optically Q-switched fiber laser. Optics Communications, 1993, 99(5-6):355～359
35程乃平,江修富,邵定蓉. Bragg声光器件在现代军事领域的应用.遥测遥控, 1999, 20(2):59～63
36程乃平,邵定蓉.声光信号处理-频谱分析与相关处理.遥测遥控, 1994, 15(4):16～22
37程乃平,李暑坚,邵定蓉.用于数字信号处理的空间积分声光相关器.电子学报, 1996, 24(6):42～46
38王丹志,邵定蓉,李暑坚.声光自适应信号处理技术在扩频通信中的应用.光学技术, 2005, 31(5):776～778
39李志云等.高频带低损耗声表面波滤波器.压电与声光, 1999, 21(1):4～7
40 Yuan Tian, Liwei Zhao, Daqian Song. Acousto-optic tunable filter-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for determination of human factor. Analytic Chimica Acta, 2004, 511:97～104
41 Ling Bei, Glenn L Dennis. Acousto-optic tunable filters: fundamentals and applications as applied to chemical analysis techniques. Progress in Quantum Electronics, 2004, 28:67～87
42俞宽新等.声电光效应的耦合波方程理论.光学学报,1998,18(4):466～470
43 Chieu D. Tran. Principles and analytical applications of acousto-optic tunable filters, an overview. Talanta,1997,45,237～248
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57于艳春等.声光效应实验装置及实验研究.光学仪器, 2004, 26(6):52～57
2 E. Nippolainen, D. V. Semenov, A. A. Kamshilin. Dynamic speckle effect induced by an acousto-optic deflector for fast range sensing. Optics Letters. 2005, 30(23):3147～3149
3 L. Poffo, P. Lemaitre-Auger, P. Benech, P. Benech. Improvement of a glass integrated optical displacement sensor interferometer using acousto-optic effect. Measurement Science&Technology, 2005, 16(6):1341～1348
4 J. Gazalet, F. Sainte-Rose, J. E. Lefebvre, T. Gryba. Modeling and characterizationof GaAs/Gal-xAlxAs MQW acousto-electro-opticmodulators IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Proceedings. 2001, vol.l:27～29
5徐介平.声光器件的原理、设计和应用.北京:科学出版社, 1982:43～54, 73～82
6朱京平等.多重散射理论声光耦合波方程的龙格-库塔法数值分析.光子学报, 2005, 34(2):284～287
7 W. R. Klein, B. D. Cook. Unified approach to ultrasonic light diffraction. IEEE Traps Sonics Ultrasonics. 1967, 14(3), 123～140
8 R. K Appel., M. G.. Somekh. Series solution for two-frequency Bragg interactionusing the Kopel-Poon multiple scattering model. JOSA, 1993, 10:466～498
9 C. H. Werner, P. H. Hemnann, O. Reitebuch, F. Koepp, J. Streicher, S. Rahm, E. Nagei, M. Klier, H Herrmann, C. Loth, .P. Delville. Ph. Drobinski. B. Romand} Ch. Boitel, D. Oh, M. Lopez, M.D. Bruneau. A. Dabas, Wind infrared Doppler lidar instrument, Opt. Eng., 2001 Vo1.40(1):115～125
10 MIZUTANI Kohei, ITABE Toshikazu, ISHII Shoken, SASANO Masahiko, AOKI Tetsuo, OHNO Yuichi and ASAI Kazuhiro, Space-borne coherent Doppler lidar, Journal of the Communications Research Laboratory, 2002, Vo1.49(2)
11 Sammy W. Henderson and Stephen M. Hannon, Advanced Coherent Lidar System for Wind Measurements, Lidar Remote Sensing for EnvironmentalMonitoring VI, edited by Upendra N. Singh, Proc. of SPIE Val. 5887 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2005)
12 J. YU, U. N. Singha, J. C. Barnesa, N. P. Bamesa, M. Petros, A high energy 2μm laser for multiple lidar applications, Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environment Monitoring, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4153,2001
13 G. Della Valle, G. Galzerano, A. Toncelli,M. Tonelli,and P. Laporta, Novel solid-state lasers for Lidar applications at 2μm, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 5958 59581 H, 2005
14 R. M. Huffaker and P. A. Reveley, Solid-state coherent laser radar wind field measurement systems Pure Appl. Opt, 'Vo1.7. 1998:863～873
15 MIZUTANI Kohei, ITABE Toshikazu, etc. "Wind Profile Measurements byCoherent Lidar", Journal of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Vo1.51 Nos. l/2. 2004
16 T. Kobayashi, Y. Mizoguchi, T. Matsumura, and S. Kawato. Development of a compact direct-detection Doppler lidar system for wind profiling, Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environment Monitoring, Upendra N. Singh, Toshikazu Itabe, Nobuo Sugimoto, Editors,Proceedings of SPIE, 2001,Vo1. 4153
17 Dongsong Sun, Zhiqing Zhong, Jun Zhou, Huanling Hu, Takao Kobayashi. Accuracy analysis of the Fabry-Perot etalon based Doppler wind lidar, OPTICAL REVIEW, 2005,Vo1.12(5):409~414
18 Zhi-Shen Liu, Dong Wu, Jin-Tao Liu, Kai-Lin Zhang, Wei-Biao Chen, Xiao-Quan Song,Johnathan W. Fair, and Chiao-Yao She. Low-altitude atmospheric wind rneasurementfrom the combined Mie and Rayleigh backscattering by Doppler lidar with an iodine filter, App. Opc, 2002, Vol. 41(33)
19 Pal Mask. Optimization of transducer configuration for bulk acousto-optic tunable filters, Optics Communications. 2004, 241:87～98
20 Aaron Fleischman, Rushabh Modi. Miniature high frequency focused ultrasonic transducers for minimally invasive imaging procedures. Sensors and Actuators, 2003, 103:76～82
21 J. J. Chen, R Zeng, D. M. Li, J. B. Niu, F. Pan. Deposition of high-quality zinc oxide thin films on diamond substrates for high-frequency surface acoustic wave filter applications. Thin Solid Films, 2005, 485(1-2):257～26
22赵伟,李公羽,汪贤秀.导波器件的宽带声光叉指换能器.高技术通讯. 1994,1(1):13～15
23林书玉.超声换能器的原理与设计.北京:科学出版社. 2004:36～49(引言,第三章压电片方程)
24林仲茂,施仲坚,孙承平等译.超声换能器材料.北京:科学出版社. 1979:134～185.
25李晓惠,杨亚培.基于LiNb03波导的共线集成声光器件.激光技术, 2004, 28(4):355～358
26 A Sliwinski. Acousto-optics and its perspectives in research and applications. Ultrasonics, 1990, 28(4):195～213
27 Le Nguyen Binh. Lithium niobate optical modulators:Devices and applications. 3ournal of Crystal Growth, 2006, 288(1):180～187
28 V. L Balakshy. Application of acousto-optic interaction for holographic conversion of light fields. Optics&Laser Technology, 1996, 28(2):109～117
29 Yimin Wang, Norihito Saito, Hideo Tashiro. Unidirectional operation of a ring laser bymeans of anisotropic acousto-optic device. Optics Communications,2002, 207:279～285
30 V. B Voloshinov, V.Ya Molchanov, J.C Mosquera. Spectral and polarization analysis of optical images by means of acousto-optic. Optical&Laser Technology, 1996, 28(2):119～127
31曹跃祖.声光效应原理及应用.物理与工程, 2000, 10 (5):46～52
32 Nabeel, A. Riza. Acousto-optically switched optical delay lines. Optics Communications, 998, 145(1-6):15～20
33 Z Xie, G.. Y Chen, L. J Li.. Dressing of resin-bonded superabrasive grinding wheels by means of acousto-optic Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Optical&Laser Technology, 2004, 36:409～419
34 L Abdulhalim, C. N Pannell, L Reekie. High power short pulse acousto-optically Q-switched fiber laser. Optics Communications, 1993, 99(5-6):355～359
35程乃平,江修富,邵定蓉. Bragg声光器件在现代军事领域的应用.遥测遥控, 1999, 20(2):59～63
36程乃平,邵定蓉.声光信号处理-频谱分析与相关处理.遥测遥控, 1994, 15(4):16～22
37程乃平,李暑坚,邵定蓉.用于数字信号处理的空间积分声光相关器.电子学报, 1996, 24(6):42～46
38王丹志,邵定蓉,李暑坚.声光自适应信号处理技术在扩频通信中的应用.光学技术, 2005, 31(5):776～778
39李志云等.高频带低损耗声表面波滤波器.压电与声光, 1999, 21(1):4～7
40 Yuan Tian, Liwei Zhao, Daqian Song. Acousto-optic tunable filter-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for determination of human factor. Analytic Chimica Acta, 2004, 511:97～104
41 Ling Bei, Glenn L Dennis. Acousto-optic tunable filters: fundamentals and applications as applied to chemical analysis techniques. Progress in Quantum Electronics, 2004, 28:67～87
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