盐胁迫下阿月浑子生理生化特性研究
|
摘要
阿月浑子（Pistacia vera L.）原产亚洲中部和西部，是我国主要在新疆有栽培的很有发展前途的坚果树种。但是由于新疆土壤盐碱问题较为严重，对开发利用本地阿月浑子自然资源和引进优良品种产生了很大的阻碍作用。本文以新疆地方品种长果阿月浑子和从美国引进品种Kerman为材料，对在NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，阿月浑子的耐盐机理及其生理生化特性进行了初步研究。主要结果如下：
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片的膜透性均随盐浓度的升高而增大。其中长果叶片的膜透性升高幅度较大，膜透性增加快，电解质外渗率高，而Kerman膜透性升高幅度较小。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片的叶绿素（Chla、b、a+b）含量有所变化，但变化不一致，而Chla/b均随盐浓度的升高而升高，表明长果和Kerman在NaCl、Na2SO4为主的较为严重的盐碱地上可通过提高Chla/b比值促进光合作用，降低盐份对其生长的抑制。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内可溶性糖含量明显增高，借此来维持细胞内的渗透平衡。其中Kerman植株中可溶性糖含量增加幅度大，长果则相反增加幅度不太大。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内淀粉含量略有增高，使其能够维持一定的渗透平衡。其中Kerman植株中淀粉含量增加幅度大，长果的增加幅度相对较小。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman的叶片内脯氨酸（Pro）含量迅速上升，来维持渗透平衡。当长果和Kerman受到盐胁迫时，叶片中的Pro含量成倍增长。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内丙二醛（MDA）含量均有一定上升，膜脂过氧化产物增多。其中长果子的MDA含量升高幅度大，而Kerman增加幅度相对较小。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均随盐浓度的升高而升高。SOD的分析结果来看长果和Kerman相互比较，Kerman的SOD含量比长果高。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）
活性均随盐浓度的升高而升高。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片、根内Na+、Cl-、SO42-含量及Na+/ K+均随盐浓度的升高而升高，而K+含量变化不一致。茎中Na+、Cl-、SO42-、K+含量及Na+/ K+变化均不一致。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，栽植长果和Kerman的花盆土壤中Na+、Cl-、SO42-含量及Na+/ K+均随盐浓度的升高而升高，且随盐胁迫时间的延长，Na+、Cl-、SO42-主要分布在土壤上层，减轻了对植株的伤害。而土壤中K+含量变化不大，无明显规律。
Pistachio（Pistacia vera L.）, originates in west-central of Asia.(North latitude 28-42,East longitude30-75), and is one of the main dried fruit. It is one type of fruit tree which mainly grows in Xinjiang and it has a good development future.
This experiment studied the characteristics of physiology and biochemistry of Changguo and Kerman Pistachio cultivars under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress. The results are summarized below:
1. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the membrane permeability of leaves in both cultivars went up as stress increased. The membrane permeability in Changguo cultivars increased quickly, and the permeating ratio of electrolyte was higher. The Kerman cultivars was less higher.
2. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the Chl (a, b, a+b) content in Changguo and Kerman leaves had different changes after increasing salt concentration, but the ratio of Chla/b increased. This shows that Pistachio can maintain photosynthesis by increasing Chla/b in NaCl and Na2SO4 contaminated soils.
3. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the soluble sugar content in leaves went up as stress increased to maintain the penetration balance. The range of increase of soluble sugar content in Kerman leaves was larger than the Changguo.
4. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the starch content in leaves went up slightly as stress increased to maintain the penetration balance. The range of increased starch content in Kerman leaves was larger than Changguo.
5. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the Pro(proline) content in leaves went up with stress increased to maintain the penetration balance. When Pistachio was subjected to salt stress, the Pro content increased many times.
6. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the content of MDA(Malondialdehyde) in leaves went up with stress increased. The range of increased MDA content in Changguo leaves was larger than the Kerman.
7. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the activity of SOD(superoxide dismutase)increased in both varieties with increased stress. The activity of SOD in Kerman leaves was higher than in Changguo.
8. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, CAT(catalase) activity、and POD(peroxidase) activity increased in
both varieties with increased stress.
9. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the content of Na+、Cl- and SO42- in pistachio leaves all went up with increased stress, but the change of K+ content was different. The content of Na+、Cl-、SO42-、K+ and the ratio of Na+/ K+ in stem and root were also different.
10.Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the content of Na+、Cl-、SO42- and the ratio of Na+/ K+ in soil went up with increased stress. The Na+、Cl- and SO42- were mainly distributed in the upper layer of the soil in the pot after prolonged stress time. This would alleviate the harm to the deeper root. But the change of K+ content is different.
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片的膜透性均随盐浓度的升高而增大。其中长果叶片的膜透性升高幅度较大，膜透性增加快，电解质外渗率高，而Kerman膜透性升高幅度较小。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片的叶绿素（Chla、b、a+b）含量有所变化，但变化不一致，而Chla/b均随盐浓度的升高而升高，表明长果和Kerman在NaCl、Na2SO4为主的较为严重的盐碱地上可通过提高Chla/b比值促进光合作用，降低盐份对其生长的抑制。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内可溶性糖含量明显增高，借此来维持细胞内的渗透平衡。其中Kerman植株中可溶性糖含量增加幅度大，长果则相反增加幅度不太大。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内淀粉含量略有增高，使其能够维持一定的渗透平衡。其中Kerman植株中淀粉含量增加幅度大，长果的增加幅度相对较小。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman的叶片内脯氨酸（Pro）含量迅速上升，来维持渗透平衡。当长果和Kerman受到盐胁迫时，叶片中的Pro含量成倍增长。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内丙二醛（MDA）含量均有一定上升，膜脂过氧化产物增多。其中长果子的MDA含量升高幅度大，而Kerman增加幅度相对较小。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均随盐浓度的升高而升高。SOD的分析结果来看长果和Kerman相互比较，Kerman的SOD含量比长果高。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片内过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）
活性均随盐浓度的升高而升高。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，长果和Kerman叶片、根内Na+、Cl-、SO42-含量及Na+/ K+均随盐浓度的升高而升高，而K+含量变化不一致。茎中Na+、Cl-、SO42-、K+含量及Na+/ K+变化均不一致。
NaCl、Na2SO4胁迫下，栽植长果和Kerman的花盆土壤中Na+、Cl-、SO42-含量及Na+/ K+均随盐浓度的升高而升高，且随盐胁迫时间的延长，Na+、Cl-、SO42-主要分布在土壤上层，减轻了对植株的伤害。而土壤中K+含量变化不大，无明显规律。
Pistachio（Pistacia vera L.）, originates in west-central of Asia.(North latitude 28-42,East longitude30-75), and is one of the main dried fruit. It is one type of fruit tree which mainly grows in Xinjiang and it has a good development future.
This experiment studied the characteristics of physiology and biochemistry of Changguo and Kerman Pistachio cultivars under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress. The results are summarized below:
1. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the membrane permeability of leaves in both cultivars went up as stress increased. The membrane permeability in Changguo cultivars increased quickly, and the permeating ratio of electrolyte was higher. The Kerman cultivars was less higher.
2. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the Chl (a, b, a+b) content in Changguo and Kerman leaves had different changes after increasing salt concentration, but the ratio of Chla/b increased. This shows that Pistachio can maintain photosynthesis by increasing Chla/b in NaCl and Na2SO4 contaminated soils.
3. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the soluble sugar content in leaves went up as stress increased to maintain the penetration balance. The range of increase of soluble sugar content in Kerman leaves was larger than the Changguo.
4. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the starch content in leaves went up slightly as stress increased to maintain the penetration balance. The range of increased starch content in Kerman leaves was larger than Changguo.
5. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the Pro(proline) content in leaves went up with stress increased to maintain the penetration balance. When Pistachio was subjected to salt stress, the Pro content increased many times.
6. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the content of MDA(Malondialdehyde) in leaves went up with stress increased. The range of increased MDA content in Changguo leaves was larger than the Kerman.
7. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the activity of SOD(superoxide dismutase)increased in both varieties with increased stress. The activity of SOD in Kerman leaves was higher than in Changguo.
8. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, CAT(catalase) activity、and POD(peroxidase) activity increased in
both varieties with increased stress.
9. Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the content of Na+、Cl- and SO42- in pistachio leaves all went up with increased stress, but the change of K+ content was different. The content of Na+、Cl-、SO42-、K+ and the ratio of Na+/ K+ in stem and root were also different.
10.Under NaCl and Na2SO4 stress, the content of Na+、Cl-、SO42- and the ratio of Na+/ K+ in soil went up with increased stress. The Na+、Cl- and SO42- were mainly distributed in the upper layer of the soil in the pot after prolonged stress time. This would alleviate the harm to the deeper root. But the change of K+ content is different.
引文
安淑苹.开心果嫁接试验初报.河北林业科技[J],1999,3:8-13
曹锡清.脂质过氧化对细胞与机体的作用[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,1986,(2):17-23
查霞娟,孙岚,肖崇彬,等.苹果砧木耐盐性比较试验[J].中国果树,1986,(2):5-9
陈立松,刘星辉.果树逆境生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2003,16-256
陈沁,刘友良.谷胱甘肽对盐胁迫大麦叶片活性氧清除系统的保护作用[J].作物学报,2000,26(3):365-371
陈瑞珊.果树植物的耐盐力[J].河北农学报,1981,2:73-76
陈善春,张进仁,吴安仁,等.柳橙胚愈伤组织耐盐性研究[J].西南农业大学学报,1987,9(4):463-469
陈少裕.膜质过氧化对植物细胞的伤害[J].植物生理学通讯.1991,27(2):84-90
陈煊.丝路奇葩——阿月浑子[J].新疆林业,1998,5:37
陈耀锋,贺普超,廖样儒,等.同基因型葡萄愈伤组织脯氨酸累积变异系的抗盐性研究[J].农业生物技术学报,1997,5(1):58-63
陈竹生,聂华堂,计玉,等.柑橘种质的耐盐性鉴定[J].园艺学报,1992,19(4):289-295
董发才,苗琛等.小麦根系过氧化氢积累与耐盐性的关系[J].武汉植物学研究,2002,20（4）:293-298
巩永中.开心果引种试栽结果[J].甘肃农业科技,2002,1:28-29
贺瑶琴.土壤学与土壤理化分析[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.1995,315-438
黄文化,刘友良.盐胁迫下钙对大麦和小麦离子吸收及H+-ATP酶活性的影响[J].植物学报,1993,35(6):435-440
姬玉英.国外阿月浑子良种选育造林等研究动态简介[J].新科技窗,31
姬玉英.国外有关阿月浑子树生理研究简介.新科技窗,32-33
江苏农学院.植物生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1984.
江香梅. 植物抗盐碱、耐干旱基因工程研究进展[J]. 南京农业大学学报,2001,25(5):57-62
姜卫兵,马凯,王业遴.无花果耐盐性生理指标的探讨[J].江苏农业学报.1991,7(3):29-33
姜卫兵,马凯,朱建华.多效唑提高草莓耐盐性的效性[J].江苏农业学报,1992.8(4):13-17
蒋建国.开心果的生产技术与科研动态[J].中国南方果树,1999,28（5）:44-46
瞿衡,杜中军,罗新书.苹果砧木耐盐性鉴定[J].山东农业大学学报,1999,30(3):296-297
李得全,邹琦,程炳嵩.植物渗透调节研究进展[J].1991,22(1):86-90
李合生,陈翠莲等.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M],武汉:华中农业大学规划教材.1998，136-137
李合生主编.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.164-169
李加宏,俞仁培.水－土壤－植物系统中盐分的迁移和植物耐盐性研究进展[J].土壤学进展,1995,23（6）:9-20
李景生,黄韵珠.浅滩植物的耐盐生理[J].植物学通报,1995,12（3）:15-19
廖详儒,贺普超.盐胁迫对葡萄叶H2O2消除系统的影响[J].1996,23(4):389-391
廖祥儒,贺普超,万恰震,等.盐胁迫对葡萄新梢叶片的伤害作用[J].果树科学,1996,13(4):211-214
廖祥儒,贺普超,朱新立.盐渍对葡萄色素含量的影响[J].园艺学报.1996,23(3):300-302
廖祥儒,贺普超,朱新立.玉米素对盐渍下葡萄叶圆片H2O2清除系统的影响[J].植物学报,1997,39(7):641-646
林栖风,李冠一,植物耐盐性研究进展[J]:生物工程进展,2000,20(2):20-25．
刘凤华,陈受宜.转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因植物的耐盐性研究[J].遗传学报,1997,24(1):54－58.
刘宛,刘友良.大麦幼苗的NaCl胁迫和叶片耐Cl-量[J].南京农业大学学报,1993,16（3）:15-19
刘友良,汪良驹.植物对盐胁迫的反应和耐盐性.见:余叔文,汤章城主编.植物生理与分子生物学.第二版.北京:科学出版社, 1999,752-769
刘志生.鲁德1号冬小麦耐盐力分析[J].中国农学通报,1996,12(3):21-22
刘祖祺,张石诚.植物抗性生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
路丙社,白志英等.阿月浑子光合特性及其影响因子的研究[J].园艺学报,1999,26（5）:287-290
路丙社,白志英等.阿月浑子芽接技术研究[J].果树学报,2001,18（5）:310-311
路丙社,白志英等.国外阿月浑子结果特性研究现状[J].果树科学,1999,16（增刊）:56-62
路丙社,董源等.阿月浑子砧木研究进展[J].果树科学,1999,16（2）:149-155
路丙社,董源等.我国阿月浑子生产现状和发展对策[J].果树科学,1998,15（3）:252-255
欧阳彤.阿月浑子病害的初步调查[J].新疆林业,1998,6:34
欧阳彤.阿月浑子花芽分化初步研究[J].经济林研究,1999,17（4）:8-11
钱骅,刘友良.盐胁迫卜钙对大麦根系质膜和液泡膜功能的保护效应[J].植物生理学通讯,1995,31(2):02-04
曲泽州,孙云蔚. 果树种类论[M]. 北京:农业出版社,1990,222-224
尚新业,玉琴.阿月浑子嫁接技术[J].经济林研究,2000,18（4）:36-40
石玉琴. 阿月浑子在新疆的发展前景[J]. 新疆林业,2001,3:43
宋海永,杨敏生等.阿月浑子组织培养研究[J].河北林果研究,1998,13（2）:158-161
谈健康,安树青,王铮锋,等.NaCl、Na2SO4和Na2CO3胁迫对小麦叫片白由基含量及质膜透性的比较研究[J].植物学通报,1998,(15):82-86
汪良驹,刘友良,马凯.钙在无花果细胞盐诱导脯氨酸积累中的作用[J].植物生理学报,1999,25(1):38-42
汪良驹,马凯,姜卫兵,等.NaCl胁迫下石榴和桃植株Na+、K+含量与耐盐性研究[J].园艺学报,1995,22(4):336-340
汪良驹,马凯,姜卫兵,等.五种落叶果树的氯离子分布与耐盐性研究[J].中国南方,果树,1996,25(4):34-38
汪良驹,王业遴,刘永良.无花果耐盐机理研究I.盐逆境下脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质的积累[J].南京农业大学学报,1989,12(4):124-125.
王爱国. 丙二醛作为膜脂过氧化指标的探讨[J]. 植物生理学通讯,1995,31（1）:50-52
王宝山,姚敦义.盐胁迫对沙枣愈伤组织膜透性、膜质过氧化SOD活性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,1993,16(3):20-24
王宝山,赵可夫等.作物耐盐机理研究进展及提高作物抗盐性的对策[J].植物学通报,1997,14（增刊）:25-30
王洪春. 植物抗性生理[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 1981, (6):72-73
王慧英,孙建设,张建光.NaCl胁迫对苹果砧木K+和Na+吸收的影响及其与耐盐性的关系[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(增刊1):104-107.
王继和,杨自辉.干旱区盐渍化土地综合治理技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2001,9（1）:64-66
王建华,刘鸿先.SOD在植物逆境及衰老中的作用[J].植物生理学通讯,1980,1:1-7
王俊刚,陈国仓等.水分胁迫对2种生态型芦苇的可溶性蛋白含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2002,22（3）:561-565
王连君,皇甫淳,王铭,等.盐碱胁迫下山葡萄的叶绿素含量与耐盐性关系的研究[J].葡萄栽培与酿酒,1995,(4):1-4.
王树清，尚新业等.新疆阿月浑子资源情况[J].经济林研究,1996,14（4）:54-56
吴平,罗安程,蔡其华,等. 抗土壤逆境细胞突变体的筛选与利用－问题与讨论[J].土壤学进展,1995,23(6):29-35.
西北农业大学. 基础生物化学实验指导[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1986.
新疆八一农学院植物生理教研室.植物生理学实验指导书[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆八一农学院印刷厂,1987,31-32
新疆荒地资源综合考察队编著.新疆重点地区荒地资源合理利用[M]. 新疆人民出版社,1985,42-47
徐金燕,石玉琴等.开心果——阿月浑子[J].新疆林业,2000,4:43
徐云岭,余拟文.植物盐胁迫蛋白[J].植物生理学通讯,1989,(2):12-16.
许祥明,叶和春,李国凤. 植物抗盐机理的研究进展[J]. 应用与环境生物学报.2000, 6:379-387.
荀守华,孙蕾等.阿月浑子及其引种前景.山东林业科技,1999,5:46-48
杨素欣,王振镒.盐胁迫下小麦愈伤组织生理生化特性的变化[J].西北农业大学学报,1999, 27(2):48-51
张宝泽,曹子谊,赵可夫.盐分胁迫下沙枣某些生理特性的研究[J].林业科学,1992, 28(2):167-169
张福锁.植物营养生态生理学和遗传学[M].中国科技出版社,1993.
张开春主编.果树育苗手册.北京:中国农业出版社. 2000,302-304
张士功,高吉寅,宋景芝.甜菜碱对NaCl胁迫下小麦细胞保护酶活性的影响[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):429-432
赵可夫,Harris P J C.盐胁迫对沙枣生理特性的影响[J].山东师范大学学报,1992,7(4):94-101
赵可夫,王韵糖.作物抗性生理[M].农业出版社,1990.
赵可夫.盐分过多对植物的伤害作用和伤害机理[J].曲阜师范学院学报,抗盐生理专刊,1984,5-22
赵可夫.植物抗盐生理[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993,69
赵氏杰等. 植物组织中丙二醛测定方法的改进. 植物生理学通讯. 1994,30（3）:207-210
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志（第45卷第1分册）.北京:科学出版社,1980,94-96
中国树木志编委会主编. 中国树种主要造林技术. 北京:中国林业出版社,1983,99
周桂莲.麦类作物耐盐性机制研究进展[J].西北农业学报,1998,7(4):97-101
朱德民.植物生长与耐盐性[J].科学农业(台),1982,30(3-4):202.
朱新广,张其德.NaCl对光合作用影响的研究进展[J].植物学通报,1999,332-338.
邹琦.植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
Akita S, Cabuslay G S. Physiological basis of differential response to salinity in rice cultivars[J]. Plant and Soil,1990,123(2):277-294.
Ashworth L.J.,Gaona S.A.,and Surber E.,1985.Nutritional Diseases of Pistachio Trees:Potassium and Phosphorus Deficiencies and Chloride and Boron Toxicities. Phytopathology ,75:1084-1091
Divate M R, Pandey R.M. Salt tolerance in grapesⅠ.Effect of salinity on chlorophyll photosynthesis and respiration[J].Indian J. Plant Physiol.,1981,24(1):74.
Downton W J S. Phorosynthesis in salt stressed grapevines [J]. Aust. J. Plant Physiol.,1977,4:183.
Downton W J S. Influence of rootstocks on the accumulation of chloride，sodium and potassium in grapevines[J].Aust. J. Agri. Res., 1997.7(28):897.
Epstein E.Crops tolerant of salinity and other minerals stress [A].In:Better Crops for Food(Ciba Foundation Simposium 97)[C].London:Pitman,1983:61-62
Fernandez-Ballester G, Martinez V, Ruiz D, et al. Changes in inorganic and organic solutes in citrus growing under saline stresses.[J].Plant Nutr. 1998.,21:2497-2514.
Flowers T J, Yeo A R. Effect of salitity on plant growth and crop yield[M].1989,101-119.
Flowers T J. Salinisation and horticultural production. Sci. Hort. 1999, 78:1-4
Fortmeier R, Schubert S. Salt tolerance of maize (zea mays L): the role of sodium exclusion[J]. Plant , Cell and Environment,1995,18:1041-1047.
Gorham J,Wynjones R S,Mcdonnell E.Some mechanisms of salt tolerance in crop plants[J].Plant and Soil,1985,89:15-40，
Gramer G R, Lauchli A, Polito V S. Displacement of Ca2+ by Na+ from the plasmalemma of Root cells[J].Plant Plant Physiology, 1985,79:207-211
Greenway H, Munns R. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes [J].Ann. Rev.Plant Physiol.,1980,37：149~190.
Gucci R, Tattini M. Salinity tolerance in olive. Hort. Rev. 1997,21:177-214
Hason J B.Ion uptake by soybean Root Tissue Depleted of calcium by Ethycenediamine tetraacetic
Acid[J].Plant physiol.,1960,39:450-460
Kocsuy G, Galiba G, Sutka J. lnvitro system to study salt and drought tolerance of wheat[J]. Acta. Horticulture,1991,(289):235-236．
Lanchli A. Salt exclusion: an adaptation of leguims for crops and padtures under Saline condition[M]. In Salinity Tolerance in Plant Strateges for Crop Improvement,1984,171-187.
Leopold A. C., Willing R. P. Salinity Tolerance in Plant. 1984.150-170
Maneras Y A. A re-examination of NaCl effects on phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase at high enzyme concentrations [J]. Physiol Plant,1990,78:225-229.
Motosugi H, Sugiura A, Tomana T. Salt tolerance of various apple rootstock cultivars[J]. J. Jap. Hort. Sci.,1987,56(2):135-141.
Muhammed S. Effect of Na/Ca and Na/K ratio in saline culture solution on growth and mineral nutrition of rice[J]. Plant and Soil,1987,104:57-62.
Munns R,Termaat A. Whole plant responses to salinity[J]. Aust Plant Physiol, 1986,13:93-123.
NakamuraT，Osaki M，Ando M，et a1．Differences in mechanisms of salt tolerance between rice and barley plant[J]．Soil Science and Plant Nutrition，1996,42(2)：303-314．
Nolte K D, Hanson A D, Gage D A. 1997. Proline accumulation and methylation to prolinebetaine in Citrus: implications for genetic engineering of stress resistance. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.122:8-13
Picchioni G.A.,and Miyamoto S., Salt Effects on Growth and Ion Uptake of Pistachio Rootstock Seedlings.J.Amer,Soc,Hort.Sci.,1990,115(4):647-653
Ralph w. Salt sensitivity in wheat[J]. Plant Physiol,1986,(80):651-654.
Ramagopal S．Salinity stress induced tissue-specific proteins in barley seedlings[J]. Plant Physiol.,1987,84(2)：24-331．
Ruiz D, Martinez V, Cerda A. Demarcating specific ion (NaCl, Cl-，Na+) and osmotic effects in the responses of two citrus rootstocks to Salinity. Sci. Hort. 1990,80:213-224.
Schachtman D P. Barriation in sodium exclusion and salt tolerance in Triticum tauschii[J]. Crop Science. 1991,31:992-997.
Sepskhah A R, Maftoin M. Relative salt tolerance of pistachio cultivars[J].Hort. Sci., 1988,63(1):157-162.
Singh N K，et al．Proteins associated with adaptation of culture tobacco cells to NaCl[J]. Plant Physiol.,1987,84(2):324-331．
Sore K B. Peroxidase[J]. Plant Mol Soil,1992,16:317-327.
Storey R, Walker R R. Citrus and Salinity. Sci. Hort. 1999,78:39-81
Syversten J P, Smith M L, Boman B J. Tree growth, mineral nutrition and nutrient loose from soil of Salinized citrus. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment, 1993,45(3):319-334.
Tattini M.,Bertoni P, Caselli S. Genotypic responses of olive plant to sodium chloride[J]. Plant and Soil,1982,15:1467-1485.
Walker RR. Sodium exlusion and potassium-sodium selectivity in salt-treated trifoliateorange (poncirus triliata) and cleopatra manadrin(citrus reticulata) plants[J].Aust.J.Plant Physiol., 1986,13:293-303.
Werber A, Stelzer R. Physiological response of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle growth in the the absence and presence of NaCl [J].Plant, Cell and Environ,1990(13):243-255
Zekri M, Pason L R. Calcium influences growth and leaf mineral concentration of citrus under saline condition [J].Hort.Science,1990.25(7):784-786.
曹锡清.脂质过氧化对细胞与机体的作用[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,1986,(2):17-23
查霞娟,孙岚,肖崇彬,等.苹果砧木耐盐性比较试验[J].中国果树,1986,(2):5-9
陈立松,刘星辉.果树逆境生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2003,16-256
陈沁,刘友良.谷胱甘肽对盐胁迫大麦叶片活性氧清除系统的保护作用[J].作物学报,2000,26(3):365-371
陈瑞珊.果树植物的耐盐力[J].河北农学报,1981,2:73-76
陈善春,张进仁,吴安仁,等.柳橙胚愈伤组织耐盐性研究[J].西南农业大学学报,1987,9(4):463-469
陈少裕.膜质过氧化对植物细胞的伤害[J].植物生理学通讯.1991,27(2):84-90
陈煊.丝路奇葩——阿月浑子[J].新疆林业,1998,5:37
陈耀锋,贺普超,廖样儒,等.同基因型葡萄愈伤组织脯氨酸累积变异系的抗盐性研究[J].农业生物技术学报,1997,5(1):58-63
陈竹生,聂华堂,计玉,等.柑橘种质的耐盐性鉴定[J].园艺学报,1992,19(4):289-295
董发才,苗琛等.小麦根系过氧化氢积累与耐盐性的关系[J].武汉植物学研究,2002,20（4）:293-298
巩永中.开心果引种试栽结果[J].甘肃农业科技,2002,1:28-29
贺瑶琴.土壤学与土壤理化分析[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.1995,315-438
黄文化,刘友良.盐胁迫下钙对大麦和小麦离子吸收及H+-ATP酶活性的影响[J].植物学报,1993,35(6):435-440
姬玉英.国外阿月浑子良种选育造林等研究动态简介[J].新科技窗,31
姬玉英.国外有关阿月浑子树生理研究简介.新科技窗,32-33
江苏农学院.植物生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1984.
江香梅. 植物抗盐碱、耐干旱基因工程研究进展[J]. 南京农业大学学报,2001,25(5):57-62
姜卫兵,马凯,王业遴.无花果耐盐性生理指标的探讨[J].江苏农业学报.1991,7(3):29-33
姜卫兵,马凯,朱建华.多效唑提高草莓耐盐性的效性[J].江苏农业学报,1992.8(4):13-17
蒋建国.开心果的生产技术与科研动态[J].中国南方果树,1999,28（5）:44-46
瞿衡,杜中军,罗新书.苹果砧木耐盐性鉴定[J].山东农业大学学报,1999,30(3):296-297
李得全,邹琦,程炳嵩.植物渗透调节研究进展[J].1991,22(1):86-90
李合生,陈翠莲等.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M],武汉:华中农业大学规划教材.1998，136-137
李合生主编.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.164-169
李加宏,俞仁培.水－土壤－植物系统中盐分的迁移和植物耐盐性研究进展[J].土壤学进展,1995,23（6）:9-20
李景生,黄韵珠.浅滩植物的耐盐生理[J].植物学通报,1995,12（3）:15-19
廖详儒,贺普超.盐胁迫对葡萄叶H2O2消除系统的影响[J].1996,23(4):389-391
廖祥儒,贺普超,万恰震,等.盐胁迫对葡萄新梢叶片的伤害作用[J].果树科学,1996,13(4):211-214
廖祥儒,贺普超,朱新立.盐渍对葡萄色素含量的影响[J].园艺学报.1996,23(3):300-302
廖祥儒,贺普超,朱新立.玉米素对盐渍下葡萄叶圆片H2O2清除系统的影响[J].植物学报,1997,39(7):641-646
林栖风,李冠一,植物耐盐性研究进展[J]:生物工程进展,2000,20(2):20-25．
刘凤华,陈受宜.转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因植物的耐盐性研究[J].遗传学报,1997,24(1):54－58.
刘宛,刘友良.大麦幼苗的NaCl胁迫和叶片耐Cl-量[J].南京农业大学学报,1993,16（3）:15-19
刘友良,汪良驹.植物对盐胁迫的反应和耐盐性.见:余叔文,汤章城主编.植物生理与分子生物学.第二版.北京:科学出版社, 1999,752-769
刘志生.鲁德1号冬小麦耐盐力分析[J].中国农学通报,1996,12(3):21-22
刘祖祺,张石诚.植物抗性生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
路丙社,白志英等.阿月浑子光合特性及其影响因子的研究[J].园艺学报,1999,26（5）:287-290
路丙社,白志英等.阿月浑子芽接技术研究[J].果树学报,2001,18（5）:310-311
路丙社,白志英等.国外阿月浑子结果特性研究现状[J].果树科学,1999,16（增刊）:56-62
路丙社,董源等.阿月浑子砧木研究进展[J].果树科学,1999,16（2）:149-155
路丙社,董源等.我国阿月浑子生产现状和发展对策[J].果树科学,1998,15（3）:252-255
欧阳彤.阿月浑子病害的初步调查[J].新疆林业,1998,6:34
欧阳彤.阿月浑子花芽分化初步研究[J].经济林研究,1999,17（4）:8-11
钱骅,刘友良.盐胁迫卜钙对大麦根系质膜和液泡膜功能的保护效应[J].植物生理学通讯,1995,31(2):02-04
曲泽州,孙云蔚. 果树种类论[M]. 北京:农业出版社,1990,222-224
尚新业,玉琴.阿月浑子嫁接技术[J].经济林研究,2000,18（4）:36-40
石玉琴. 阿月浑子在新疆的发展前景[J]. 新疆林业,2001,3:43
宋海永,杨敏生等.阿月浑子组织培养研究[J].河北林果研究,1998,13（2）:158-161
谈健康,安树青,王铮锋,等.NaCl、Na2SO4和Na2CO3胁迫对小麦叫片白由基含量及质膜透性的比较研究[J].植物学通报,1998,(15):82-86
汪良驹,刘友良,马凯.钙在无花果细胞盐诱导脯氨酸积累中的作用[J].植物生理学报,1999,25(1):38-42
汪良驹,马凯,姜卫兵,等.NaCl胁迫下石榴和桃植株Na+、K+含量与耐盐性研究[J].园艺学报,1995,22(4):336-340
汪良驹,马凯,姜卫兵,等.五种落叶果树的氯离子分布与耐盐性研究[J].中国南方,果树,1996,25(4):34-38
汪良驹,王业遴,刘永良.无花果耐盐机理研究I.盐逆境下脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质的积累[J].南京农业大学学报,1989,12(4):124-125.
王爱国. 丙二醛作为膜脂过氧化指标的探讨[J]. 植物生理学通讯,1995,31（1）:50-52
王宝山,姚敦义.盐胁迫对沙枣愈伤组织膜透性、膜质过氧化SOD活性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,1993,16(3):20-24
王宝山,赵可夫等.作物耐盐机理研究进展及提高作物抗盐性的对策[J].植物学通报,1997,14（增刊）:25-30
王洪春. 植物抗性生理[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 1981, (6):72-73
王慧英,孙建设,张建光.NaCl胁迫对苹果砧木K+和Na+吸收的影响及其与耐盐性的关系[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(增刊1):104-107.
王继和,杨自辉.干旱区盐渍化土地综合治理技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2001,9（1）:64-66
王建华,刘鸿先.SOD在植物逆境及衰老中的作用[J].植物生理学通讯,1980,1:1-7
王俊刚,陈国仓等.水分胁迫对2种生态型芦苇的可溶性蛋白含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2002,22（3）:561-565
王连君,皇甫淳,王铭,等.盐碱胁迫下山葡萄的叶绿素含量与耐盐性关系的研究[J].葡萄栽培与酿酒,1995,(4):1-4.
王树清，尚新业等.新疆阿月浑子资源情况[J].经济林研究,1996,14（4）:54-56
吴平,罗安程,蔡其华,等. 抗土壤逆境细胞突变体的筛选与利用－问题与讨论[J].土壤学进展,1995,23(6):29-35.
西北农业大学. 基础生物化学实验指导[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1986.
新疆八一农学院植物生理教研室.植物生理学实验指导书[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆八一农学院印刷厂,1987,31-32
新疆荒地资源综合考察队编著.新疆重点地区荒地资源合理利用[M]. 新疆人民出版社,1985,42-47
徐金燕,石玉琴等.开心果——阿月浑子[J].新疆林业,2000,4:43
徐云岭,余拟文.植物盐胁迫蛋白[J].植物生理学通讯,1989,(2):12-16.
许祥明,叶和春,李国凤. 植物抗盐机理的研究进展[J]. 应用与环境生物学报.2000, 6:379-387.
荀守华,孙蕾等.阿月浑子及其引种前景.山东林业科技,1999,5:46-48
杨素欣,王振镒.盐胁迫下小麦愈伤组织生理生化特性的变化[J].西北农业大学学报,1999, 27(2):48-51
张宝泽,曹子谊,赵可夫.盐分胁迫下沙枣某些生理特性的研究[J].林业科学,1992, 28(2):167-169
张福锁.植物营养生态生理学和遗传学[M].中国科技出版社,1993.
张开春主编.果树育苗手册.北京:中国农业出版社. 2000,302-304
张士功,高吉寅,宋景芝.甜菜碱对NaCl胁迫下小麦细胞保护酶活性的影响[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):429-432
赵可夫,Harris P J C.盐胁迫对沙枣生理特性的影响[J].山东师范大学学报,1992,7(4):94-101
赵可夫,王韵糖.作物抗性生理[M].农业出版社,1990.
赵可夫.盐分过多对植物的伤害作用和伤害机理[J].曲阜师范学院学报,抗盐生理专刊,1984,5-22
赵可夫.植物抗盐生理[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993,69
赵氏杰等. 植物组织中丙二醛测定方法的改进. 植物生理学通讯. 1994,30（3）:207-210
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志（第45卷第1分册）.北京:科学出版社,1980,94-96
中国树木志编委会主编. 中国树种主要造林技术. 北京:中国林业出版社,1983,99
周桂莲.麦类作物耐盐性机制研究进展[J].西北农业学报,1998,7(4):97-101
朱德民.植物生长与耐盐性[J].科学农业(台),1982,30(3-4):202.
朱新广,张其德.NaCl对光合作用影响的研究进展[J].植物学通报,1999,332-338.
邹琦.植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
Akita S, Cabuslay G S. Physiological basis of differential response to salinity in rice cultivars[J]. Plant and Soil,1990,123(2):277-294.
Ashworth L.J.,Gaona S.A.,and Surber E.,1985.Nutritional Diseases of Pistachio Trees:Potassium and Phosphorus Deficiencies and Chloride and Boron Toxicities. Phytopathology ,75:1084-1091
Divate M R, Pandey R.M. Salt tolerance in grapesⅠ.Effect of salinity on chlorophyll photosynthesis and respiration[J].Indian J. Plant Physiol.,1981,24(1):74.
Downton W J S. Phorosynthesis in salt stressed grapevines [J]. Aust. J. Plant Physiol.,1977,4:183.
Downton W J S. Influence of rootstocks on the accumulation of chloride，sodium and potassium in grapevines[J].Aust. J. Agri. Res., 1997.7(28):897.
Epstein E.Crops tolerant of salinity and other minerals stress [A].In:Better Crops for Food(Ciba Foundation Simposium 97)[C].London:Pitman,1983:61-62
Fernandez-Ballester G, Martinez V, Ruiz D, et al. Changes in inorganic and organic solutes in citrus growing under saline stresses.[J].Plant Nutr. 1998.,21:2497-2514.
Flowers T J, Yeo A R. Effect of salitity on plant growth and crop yield[M].1989,101-119.
Flowers T J. Salinisation and horticultural production. Sci. Hort. 1999, 78:1-4
Fortmeier R, Schubert S. Salt tolerance of maize (zea mays L): the role of sodium exclusion[J]. Plant , Cell and Environment,1995,18:1041-1047.
Gorham J,Wynjones R S,Mcdonnell E.Some mechanisms of salt tolerance in crop plants[J].Plant and Soil,1985,89:15-40，
Gramer G R, Lauchli A, Polito V S. Displacement of Ca2+ by Na+ from the plasmalemma of Root cells[J].Plant Plant Physiology, 1985,79:207-211
Greenway H, Munns R. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes [J].Ann. Rev.Plant Physiol.,1980,37：149~190.
Gucci R, Tattini M. Salinity tolerance in olive. Hort. Rev. 1997,21:177-214
Hason J B.Ion uptake by soybean Root Tissue Depleted of calcium by Ethycenediamine tetraacetic
Acid[J].Plant physiol.,1960,39:450-460
Kocsuy G, Galiba G, Sutka J. lnvitro system to study salt and drought tolerance of wheat[J]. Acta. Horticulture,1991,(289):235-236．
Lanchli A. Salt exclusion: an adaptation of leguims for crops and padtures under Saline condition[M]. In Salinity Tolerance in Plant Strateges for Crop Improvement,1984,171-187.
Leopold A. C., Willing R. P. Salinity Tolerance in Plant. 1984.150-170
Maneras Y A. A re-examination of NaCl effects on phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase at high enzyme concentrations [J]. Physiol Plant,1990,78:225-229.
Motosugi H, Sugiura A, Tomana T. Salt tolerance of various apple rootstock cultivars[J]. J. Jap. Hort. Sci.,1987,56(2):135-141.
Muhammed S. Effect of Na/Ca and Na/K ratio in saline culture solution on growth and mineral nutrition of rice[J]. Plant and Soil,1987,104:57-62.
Munns R,Termaat A. Whole plant responses to salinity[J]. Aust Plant Physiol, 1986,13:93-123.
NakamuraT，Osaki M，Ando M，et a1．Differences in mechanisms of salt tolerance between rice and barley plant[J]．Soil Science and Plant Nutrition，1996,42(2)：303-314．
Nolte K D, Hanson A D, Gage D A. 1997. Proline accumulation and methylation to prolinebetaine in Citrus: implications for genetic engineering of stress resistance. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.122:8-13
Picchioni G.A.,and Miyamoto S., Salt Effects on Growth and Ion Uptake of Pistachio Rootstock Seedlings.J.Amer,Soc,Hort.Sci.,1990,115(4):647-653
Ralph w. Salt sensitivity in wheat[J]. Plant Physiol,1986,(80):651-654.
Ramagopal S．Salinity stress induced tissue-specific proteins in barley seedlings[J]. Plant Physiol.,1987,84(2)：24-331．
Ruiz D, Martinez V, Cerda A. Demarcating specific ion (NaCl, Cl-，Na+) and osmotic effects in the responses of two citrus rootstocks to Salinity. Sci. Hort. 1990,80:213-224.
Schachtman D P. Barriation in sodium exclusion and salt tolerance in Triticum tauschii[J]. Crop Science. 1991,31:992-997.
Sepskhah A R, Maftoin M. Relative salt tolerance of pistachio cultivars[J].Hort. Sci., 1988,63(1):157-162.
Singh N K，et al．Proteins associated with adaptation of culture tobacco cells to NaCl[J]. Plant Physiol.,1987,84(2):324-331．
Sore K B. Peroxidase[J]. Plant Mol Soil,1992,16:317-327.
Storey R, Walker R R. Citrus and Salinity. Sci. Hort. 1999,78:39-81
Syversten J P, Smith M L, Boman B J. Tree growth, mineral nutrition and nutrient loose from soil of Salinized citrus. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment, 1993,45(3):319-334.
Tattini M.,Bertoni P, Caselli S. Genotypic responses of olive plant to sodium chloride[J]. Plant and Soil,1982,15:1467-1485.
Walker RR. Sodium exlusion and potassium-sodium selectivity in salt-treated trifoliateorange (poncirus triliata) and cleopatra manadrin(citrus reticulata) plants[J].Aust.J.Plant Physiol., 1986,13:293-303.
Werber A, Stelzer R. Physiological response of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle growth in the the absence and presence of NaCl [J].Plant, Cell and Environ,1990(13):243-255
Zekri M, Pason L R. Calcium influences growth and leaf mineral concentration of citrus under saline condition [J].Hort.Science,1990.25(7):784-786.