海—塔盆地潜山岩石类型及分布规律研究
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摘要
海-塔盆地是蒙古-大兴安岭裂谷盆地群中重要的含油气盆地之一,目前已经成为大庆油田外围盆地的勘探和开发重点地区。2001年海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷苏德尔特潜山油藏的发现揭开了潜山勘探的序幕,使之成为实现增储上产目标的重要领域。储层是潜山成藏的关键因素之一,而正确确定岩石类型、岩相、储集空间类型、发育规律及其形成机制是储层研究的基础。目前,由于潜山储层成因的复杂性,海-塔盆地基底及潜山的基础研究甚为薄弱,岩石类型及分布规律的研究尚属空白,这严重影响了油气勘探和开发进程。本论文以取心层段岩心的详细观察与描述为基础,通过大量薄片鉴定、测井响应特征、地震反射特征及属性的分析、结合非地震资料,对海-塔盆地乌尔逊凹陷、贝尔凹陷、南贝尔凹陷和塔南凹陷的岩石类型及分布规律、“岩-电”关系、储集空间类型及影响因素进行了详细的分析研究。研究发现:(1)受晚侏罗-早白垩世蒙古-大兴安岭裂谷盆地群频繁的火山作用的影响,在海-塔盆地内形成正常陆源物质与火山喷发物质并存的相互影响、相互过渡的复杂多样的岩石类型。岩性以火山碎屑岩和火山碎屑沉积岩为主、火山熔岩和花岗岩结晶基底零星分布,并首次发现交代成因的铁白云岩。(2)通过对四个凹陷岩性的垂向、平面及剖面分布特征进行研究,认为海塔盆地基底及潜山岩石类型的分布与古地形、火山作用关系密切。(3)研究认为乌尔逊、贝尔、南贝尔凹陷潜山岩性分布具有中心式火山喷发的特征,各种岩石类型围绕火山口呈环带分布,并建立了贝尔凹陷受火山作用影响的岩相分布模式。而塔南凹陷具有裂隙式火山喷发的特征,岩浆岩沿大断裂带呈串珠状分布。(4)海-塔盆地潜山的主要储集空间类型是以裂缝为主以及与裂缝有关的孔(洞)为次而构成的孔-缝储渗系统。岩性岩相、构造及断裂作用、风化淋滤作用和流体及热液作用是影响潜山储层发育的因素,其中岩性岩相控制了原始储集条件;其它三个因素影响次生孔洞缝的发育。(5)在综合分析影响储层发育的各种因素之后,对储层条件进行分析评价,预测了四个凹陷的有利储层分布区。为成藏研究以及油气勘探奠定了坚实的基础。
The Hailar-Tamtsag Basin is one of most important basins which bearing oil and gas in the Mongolia-DaHinggan folded belts basin group, and now it has become highlight exploration and development area in periphery basins of the Daqing oil Field. The buried hill reservoir exploration has been dived on prologue and become the aim to increasing petroleum reserves, since the discovery of Sudeerte buried hill reservoir in 2001. As well as we know, reservoir is one of the key factors of buried hill hydrocarbon accumulation, and it is also the foundation of reservoir research to deal with rock-types, lithofacies, reservoir spaces type and its formation mechanism. At present, because the origin of buried hill is most complicate and the study on the rock-types and distribution in the Hailar-Tamtsag basin is also blank, that have seriously affected the process of oil or gas exploration and development. In this paper,the rock-types and distribution,“lithology-electric property”relationship, reservoir space type, characteristic and forming mechanism of buried hill reservoirs in Wuerxun, Beier, south Beier and Tamtsag South Sag depression have been researched, on the basis of the observation of drilling cores and the identification of a large number of thin slices, combining with such data as well logging, seismics and non-seismic attributes. In this paper, some important results have been obtained: (1) Impacted on the frequent volcanism in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of Mongolia-DaHinggan folded belts basin group, there are detrital material and pyroclastics simultaneously in this basin. The pyroclastic rock and clastic rock are the major type of rock, and there also exist slag and ganite. Especially, it is the first time that pearl spar was found in this area. (2) Through the analysis of the rock distribution in vertical, flat and profile, it is found that the base of Hailar-Tamuchage and buried hill types are closely related to the hypsography and volcanism. (3) It is investigated that the rock distribution is controlled by the eruption of central type in Beier sag, and the igneous-related lithofacies and distribution mode of Budate group are established. (4) The main reservoir space is a complicated reservoir and the permeation system is made up from fracture and pore, fracture is major and pore is minor which is also controlled by fracture. Tectonic and faulting, lithofacies, weather-worn and fluid is the chief four factors that affected formation of reservoir. Original accumulation types are mainly controlled by lithology and lithofacies, and secondary cavern and fracture is affected by the other three factors.(5)After the factors which affect reservoir development are analyzed comprehensively, reservoir formation condition is analyzed and favorable reservoir area in this four depressions is also predicted, that lay a foundation for reservoir play research and oil or gas exploration.
The Hailar-Tamtsag Basin is one of most important basins which bearing oil and gas in the Mongolia-DaHinggan folded belts basin group, and now it has become highlight exploration and development area in periphery basins of the Daqing oil Field. The buried hill reservoir exploration has been dived on prologue and become the aim to increasing petroleum reserves, since the discovery of Sudeerte buried hill reservoir in 2001. As well as we know, reservoir is one of the key factors of buried hill hydrocarbon accumulation, and it is also the foundation of reservoir research to deal with rock-types, lithofacies, reservoir spaces type and its formation mechanism. At present, because the origin of buried hill is most complicate and the study on the rock-types and distribution in the Hailar-Tamtsag basin is also blank, that have seriously affected the process of oil or gas exploration and development. In this paper,the rock-types and distribution,“lithology-electric property”relationship, reservoir space type, characteristic and forming mechanism of buried hill reservoirs in Wuerxun, Beier, south Beier and Tamtsag South Sag depression have been researched, on the basis of the observation of drilling cores and the identification of a large number of thin slices, combining with such data as well logging, seismics and non-seismic attributes. In this paper, some important results have been obtained: (1) Impacted on the frequent volcanism in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of Mongolia-DaHinggan folded belts basin group, there are detrital material and pyroclastics simultaneously in this basin. The pyroclastic rock and clastic rock are the major type of rock, and there also exist slag and ganite. Especially, it is the first time that pearl spar was found in this area. (2) Through the analysis of the rock distribution in vertical, flat and profile, it is found that the base of Hailar-Tamuchage and buried hill types are closely related to the hypsography and volcanism. (3) It is investigated that the rock distribution is controlled by the eruption of central type in Beier sag, and the igneous-related lithofacies and distribution mode of Budate group are established. (4) The main reservoir space is a complicated reservoir and the permeation system is made up from fracture and pore, fracture is major and pore is minor which is also controlled by fracture. Tectonic and faulting, lithofacies, weather-worn and fluid is the chief four factors that affected formation of reservoir. Original accumulation types are mainly controlled by lithology and lithofacies, and secondary cavern and fracture is affected by the other three factors.(5)After the factors which affect reservoir development are analyzed comprehensively, reservoir formation condition is analyzed and favorable reservoir area in this four depressions is also predicted, that lay a foundation for reservoir play research and oil or gas exploration.
引文
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