船舶生活污水处理系统优选方法的研究与应用
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摘要
2010年1月1日MEPC.159(55)决议开始生效,对船舶生活污水的处理和排放提出了更高要求。在这个背景下,本文结合船舶生活污水处理的特点和影响因素,研究船舶生活污水处理系统的优选方法,并且编写软件进行优选计算。
首先,分析船舶生活污水的水质、水量特性,介绍船舶生活污水的处理技术,并对污水处理的船舶环境进行研究,为生活污水处理系统的选择提供参考。
其次,介绍典型的船舶生活污水处理系统和符合最新标准的处理装置,经过分析总结,提出生物处理、膜处理和紫外消毒相结合是今后处理技术的发展趋势。
再次,研究层次分析法和灰色关联分析法的特点,利用层次分析法对多目标多层次复杂问题单一指标化的优势,建立船舶生活污水处理系统的评价指标体系,采用0.1～0.9标度,通过专家对指标两两比较得到相应权重；利用灰色关联分析法对数据要求不高、计算结果客观可靠的优点,结合指标权重对指标数据进行关联度分析；层次-灰色关联分析的计算通过Matlab程序实现,提高计算效率。
最后,用C#语言编写软件,调用Matlab算法进行优选分析。使用Xml文件存储船舶和污水设备信息,实现数据传输；设计专家评判界面,实现对优选指标的层次分析；设计软件主界面,实现设备的关联度分析,并得出设备的优先排序。
本文综合考虑经济效益、技术性能和管理效益进行优选分析,相对于仅仅依据经济数据的可行性分析,优选结果更为科学合理,对生活污水处理系统的选择也更有参考价值。
Since January 1,2010, the Resolution MEPC.159 (55) has been come into force, which sets higher criterion for the disposal and discharge of ship sewage. Considering the characteristics of sewage, the paper gives some algorithm used for choosing the optimal treatment system, and makes it out in computer program.
First, some suggestions for selection of sewage treatment systems are given, on analysis of pollution characteristics including water quantity and quality, and the treatment of sewage including techniques and conditions.
Second, by analyzing the typical ship sewage treatment systems and the plants complied with the latest standards, it shows that the future technology trend is the combination of biological, membrane and UV disinfection treatment.
Third, with applying AHP to transform several evaluating indicators into a combined single evaluating indicator and establishing the hierarchical structure evaluating body system within 0.1-0.9 scales, the index weight based on expert's judge is made out; then by the use of the gray-relevancy analysis technique, the paper analyzes the index data and get reliable relevancy grade. For more computational efficiency, the MATLAB is used for hierarchy-relevancy analysis.
Finally, the algorithm for optimization analysis made out in Matlab programme is built in C#.net environment which could uses the Xml file to transmit the information of ships and equipment. In C#.net, there are several forms for interaction with people, such as the expert evaluation form and the equipment analysis form.
Comparing with the method which is according to the economic data used in system feasibility analysis, the optimization method which takes the benefit of economy, technical performance and management into account makes the evaluating results more scientifically and reasonably. So it has better reference value for the selection of sewage systems.
首先,分析船舶生活污水的水质、水量特性,介绍船舶生活污水的处理技术,并对污水处理的船舶环境进行研究,为生活污水处理系统的选择提供参考。
其次,介绍典型的船舶生活污水处理系统和符合最新标准的处理装置,经过分析总结,提出生物处理、膜处理和紫外消毒相结合是今后处理技术的发展趋势。
再次,研究层次分析法和灰色关联分析法的特点,利用层次分析法对多目标多层次复杂问题单一指标化的优势,建立船舶生活污水处理系统的评价指标体系,采用0.1～0.9标度,通过专家对指标两两比较得到相应权重；利用灰色关联分析法对数据要求不高、计算结果客观可靠的优点,结合指标权重对指标数据进行关联度分析；层次-灰色关联分析的计算通过Matlab程序实现,提高计算效率。
最后,用C#语言编写软件,调用Matlab算法进行优选分析。使用Xml文件存储船舶和污水设备信息,实现数据传输；设计专家评判界面,实现对优选指标的层次分析；设计软件主界面,实现设备的关联度分析,并得出设备的优先排序。
本文综合考虑经济效益、技术性能和管理效益进行优选分析,相对于仅仅依据经济数据的可行性分析,优选结果更为科学合理,对生活污水处理系统的选择也更有参考价值。
Since January 1,2010, the Resolution MEPC.159 (55) has been come into force, which sets higher criterion for the disposal and discharge of ship sewage. Considering the characteristics of sewage, the paper gives some algorithm used for choosing the optimal treatment system, and makes it out in computer program.
First, some suggestions for selection of sewage treatment systems are given, on analysis of pollution characteristics including water quantity and quality, and the treatment of sewage including techniques and conditions.
Second, by analyzing the typical ship sewage treatment systems and the plants complied with the latest standards, it shows that the future technology trend is the combination of biological, membrane and UV disinfection treatment.
Third, with applying AHP to transform several evaluating indicators into a combined single evaluating indicator and establishing the hierarchical structure evaluating body system within 0.1-0.9 scales, the index weight based on expert's judge is made out; then by the use of the gray-relevancy analysis technique, the paper analyzes the index data and get reliable relevancy grade. For more computational efficiency, the MATLAB is used for hierarchy-relevancy analysis.
Finally, the algorithm for optimization analysis made out in Matlab programme is built in C#.net environment which could uses the Xml file to transmit the information of ships and equipment. In C#.net, there are several forms for interaction with people, such as the expert evaluation form and the equipment analysis form.
Comparing with the method which is according to the economic data used in system feasibility analysis, the optimization method which takes the benefit of economy, technical performance and management into account makes the evaluating results more scientifically and reasonably. So it has better reference value for the selection of sewage systems.
引文
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[2]《中国船舶报》.远洋运输变迁从第一艘远洋船到总吨位世界第四(EB)
[3]Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships, Chapter 1-General, Regulation 1, Definitions.
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MBR.. Wat. Res.1999,25(8):738.
[25]敏奇.船舶生活污水处理讲座(C).机电设备.1993,(5)：42-48.
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[30]周锦柱.浅谈加强防止船舶生活污水、垃圾污染的重要意义(C).2004年船舶防污染学术年会,昆明,2004：78-80.
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[49]戴琳,基于不完全信息的灰色关联决策方法及其程序实现(D).长沙理工大学,2008,14-15.
[50]孙玉刚,灰色关联分析及其应用的研究(D).南京航空航天大学,2007：P13.
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[52]邓聚龙,灰色系统基本方法(M),武汉,华中理工大学出版社,1988.
[53]邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法(M).武汉：华中理工大学出版,1987.
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[2]《中国船舶报》.远洋运输变迁从第一艘远洋船到总吨位世界第四(EB)
[3]Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships, Chapter 1-General, Regulation 1, Definitions.
[4]Iwema A. and Meunier A. (1985) Influence of nitrate on acetic acid induced biological phosphorus removal [J]. Wat. Sci. Technol.17 (11),221-230.
[5]秦天宝.论船舶污染的国际法律控制(J),世界海运,1999.
[6]http://www. simic. net. cn/news/detail. jsp?id=11117
[7]杨元晖.膜生物反应器处理船舶污水(J).机电设备.2002,(2)：10-13.
[8]黄忠秀.船舶与港口水域防污染(M).北京：人民交通出版社,1999.
[9]Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships, Regulation 2-9.
[10]刘喜元,曾荣辉,吴国凡.船舶污水排放面临的问题及解决措施(J).船舶工程.2007(1)：74-75.
[11]http://www. iwatertech. com/Ship-Sewage/36199. htm
[12]Alfredo Riva. Total Waste Water Management [A]. Wastewater for ships [C]. Oldenburg: Eule & Partners International Treatment Technologies Consulting,1998.
[13]http://www. iwatertech. com/Ship-Sewage/36201. htm
[14]沈志松,钱国芬.中空纤维膜无泡供氧过程的传质性能研究(J).膜科学与技术,1998,18(6)：42-48.
[15]董良飞.船舶生活污水污染特征及控制对策研究(D).西安：西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[16]http://www. hudong. com/wiki/B0D5
[17]http://baike. baidu. com/view/97468. htm
[18]RESOLUTION MEPC.159 (55).13 October 2006:4.
[19]董良飞,何桂湘.船舶生活污水水量及水质特征研究(J).西安：长安大学环境科学与工程学院.
[20]离俊发,王社平污水处理厂工艺设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003.
[21]刘喜元,曾荣辉,吴国凡.船舶污水排放面临的问题及解决措施(J).船舶工程.2007, (1)74-75.
[22]Ketchum L, Iren R, Liao P. First Cost Analysis of Sequencing Batch Reactor [J]. Waster Pollute Control Fed,1979.51:288-293.
[23]Guido van Mel. A Concept of a Port's Waste Management Plan [A]. Ship's Waste Management and Treatment in Ports and Shipyards [C]. Bremerhaven:Eule & Partners International Consulting,2000.
[24]Nazism Cree. Effect of Phosphorous on operation and characteristic of
MBR.. Wat. Res.1999,25(8):738.
[25]敏奇.船舶生活污水处理讲座(C).机电设备.1993,(5)：42-48.
[26]Geoff Smith Environmental Compliance for the Royal Navy-Completion of wastewater Treatment Trials on a Type23 Frigate [A]. Ballast Water and Waste Water Treatment Aboard Ships and in Port[C]. Bremen:Euler & Partners International Consulting,2004.
[27]葛志翔,王小梅,范洪艳.真空收集蒸馏处理船舶生活污水处理技术(J).航海工程,第37卷第2期,2008年4月.
[28]董良飞,船舶生活污水处理技术研究(J),建筑科学与工程学报,第22卷第2期,2005年6月.
[29]许涛.船舶生活污水污染规则生效后对船舶的监督检查(J).交通环保.2003,24(3)：38-39.
[30]周锦柱.浅谈加强防止船舶生活污水、垃圾污染的重要意义(C).2004年船舶防污染学术年会,昆明,2004：78-80.
[31]http://www. kangdaep. com/?p=3&a=view&c=17&r=43
[32]http://www. zgsyb. com/GB/Article/ShowArticle. asp?ArticleID=58268
[33]赵焕臣,许树柏,和金生编著.层次分析法—一种简易的新决策方法(M).北京：科学出版社.
[34]Saaty T. L. The analytic hierarchy process [M].New York:McGraw-Hill Company,1980.
[35]熊立,梁樑,王国华.层次分析法中数字标度的选择与评价方法研究(J).系统工程理论与实践,2005年3月.
[36]储敏.层次分析法中判断矩阵的构造问题(J).南京理工大学,2005：2.
[37]赵玮,岳德权.AHP的算法及其比较分析(J).数学的实践与认识,1995,(1).
[38]宋飞.赵法锁.地下工程风险分析的层次分析法及MATLAB应用(N).地球科学与环境学报,第30卷第2期,2008年9月.
[39]储敏.层次分析法中判断矩阵的构造问题(J).南京理工大学,2005：26.
[40]李小东.层次_灰色关联分析法及其在污水处理方案优选中的应用(D).太原理工大学,2006：21.
[41]李学全,李松仁,韩旭里,灰色系统理论研究(I)：灰色关联度,系统工程理论与实践,1996(11)：91-95.
[42]景国勋,灰色系统理论在安全中的应用研究(J),北京理工大学博士后,2000.
[43]吕锋,崔晓辉.多目标决策灰色关联投影法及其应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002,(01).
[44]张岐山,高相斌,姜元章等,应用灰色方法的误区(J),大庆石油学院学报,1995,19(3)：108-110.
[45]周秀文,灰色关联度的研究与应用(D).吉林大学,2007：4-5.
[46]CHIAO CH, WANG W Y. Reliability improvement of fluorescent lamp using grey forecasting model [J]. Microelectronics Reliability,2002,42,42:127-134.
[47]肖新平,宋中民,李峰,灰色技术基础及其应用(M),北京,科学出版社,2005.
[48]刘思峰,党耀国,方志耕,灰色系统理论及其应用(M),北京,科学出版社,2004.
[49]戴琳,基于不完全信息的灰色关联决策方法及其程序实现(D).长沙理工大学,2008,14-15.
[50]孙玉刚,灰色关联分析及其应用的研究(D).南京航空航天大学,2007：P13.
[51]邓聚龙,灰色理论基础(M),武汉,华中理工大学出版社,2002.
[52]邓聚龙,灰色系统基本方法(M),武汉,华中理工大学出版社,1988.
[53]邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法(M).武汉：华中理工大学出版,1987.
[54]申卯兴.分辨系数对灰色关联系数的影响[J].陕西师范大学学报,1999,27(S.I.)：82-84.
[55]刘震宇.灰色系统分析中存在的两个基本问题[J].系统工程理论与实践2000,20(9),123-124.
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