成都市生活垃圾收运优化研究
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摘要
随着城市化建设进程的加快和居民生活水平的提高,我国城市生活垃圾产生量与日俱增。日益增长的城市生活垃圾产生量不仅给城市环境带来了极大的危害,而且也严重阻碍了城市经济的快速发展。作为城市生活垃圾综合管理系统的一个组成部分,垃圾收集运输占据着重要位置。由于缺乏系统理论方面的指导,垃圾收运已成为垃圾综合管理系统中的最薄弱环节,因此,建立城市生活垃圾分类收集系统和线路优化系统,从源头上减少城市生活垃圾的产生量及收集线路的总路程,对于城市生活垃圾的处置及资源化综合利用至关重要。
本文在查阅国内外相关文献,深入调查和分析成都市生活垃圾的收集与处理现状以及对成都市生活垃圾的产生量、物理组分的分区调查基础上,指出了目前城市生活垃圾混合收集和处理处置中存在的主要问题,利用层次分析法理论建立了城市生活垃圾分类收集方案评价模型,通过对评价指标的选择,进行多层次建模,对生活垃圾分类收集方案进行优化。
针对目前城市生活垃圾收运车辆行驶路线存在的重复行驶及车辆调配等方面的问题,建立了城市生活垃圾收运车辆路线问题的数学模型,提出了一种改进的遗传算法。对此改进遗传算法的理论基础、算法思想进行了分析阐述后,结合成都市某垃圾转运站涉及的收集点,给出了这种算法计算垃圾收集车辆路线的方法和步骤。
With the accelerating process of urbanization and the improving living condition of residents, the production of municipal solid waste(MSW) is increasing day by day. The daily increasing municipal solid wastes not only bring about great harm to the environment of cities, but also hinder the quick economic development of cities. As one part of the integrated management system of the municipal solid waste, the collection and transportation of the waste occupies an important position. Because of lacking guidance of systematic theory, it becomes the weakest part of the integrated management system, therefore, establishing municipal solid waste classification collecting system and route optimization system, decreasing the production and the collection route total distance of municipal solid waste from the source, is very important for treating and recycling of municipal solid waste.
After consulting related literatures from home and aboard and deeply investigating and analyzing the collection and treatment condition of municipal solid wastes of Chengdu, based on the investigation of production and physical components of the waste in different districts, this dissertation states out the main problem of blending collection and treatment of municipal solid waste. By using analytic hierarchy process theory to establish evaluation model of MSW collection plans and choosing evaluation indicators to carry out multi-level model, the plans of MSW collection are improved.
Based on the problems of repeated travel, vehicle allocation and other problems existed in the route of waste collecting vehicle, its mathematical model is established and an improved genetic algorithm is raised. After analyzing and describing the basic theory and algorithm idea of this genetic algorithm, combined with the involved collecting points of one waste transfer station in Chengdu, this dissertation gives out the method and steps of this algorithm to calculate the route of waste collecting vehicle.
本文在查阅国内外相关文献,深入调查和分析成都市生活垃圾的收集与处理现状以及对成都市生活垃圾的产生量、物理组分的分区调查基础上,指出了目前城市生活垃圾混合收集和处理处置中存在的主要问题,利用层次分析法理论建立了城市生活垃圾分类收集方案评价模型,通过对评价指标的选择,进行多层次建模,对生活垃圾分类收集方案进行优化。
针对目前城市生活垃圾收运车辆行驶路线存在的重复行驶及车辆调配等方面的问题,建立了城市生活垃圾收运车辆路线问题的数学模型,提出了一种改进的遗传算法。对此改进遗传算法的理论基础、算法思想进行了分析阐述后,结合成都市某垃圾转运站涉及的收集点,给出了这种算法计算垃圾收集车辆路线的方法和步骤。
With the accelerating process of urbanization and the improving living condition of residents, the production of municipal solid waste(MSW) is increasing day by day. The daily increasing municipal solid wastes not only bring about great harm to the environment of cities, but also hinder the quick economic development of cities. As one part of the integrated management system of the municipal solid waste, the collection and transportation of the waste occupies an important position. Because of lacking guidance of systematic theory, it becomes the weakest part of the integrated management system, therefore, establishing municipal solid waste classification collecting system and route optimization system, decreasing the production and the collection route total distance of municipal solid waste from the source, is very important for treating and recycling of municipal solid waste.
After consulting related literatures from home and aboard and deeply investigating and analyzing the collection and treatment condition of municipal solid wastes of Chengdu, based on the investigation of production and physical components of the waste in different districts, this dissertation states out the main problem of blending collection and treatment of municipal solid waste. By using analytic hierarchy process theory to establish evaluation model of MSW collection plans and choosing evaluation indicators to carry out multi-level model, the plans of MSW collection are improved.
Based on the problems of repeated travel, vehicle allocation and other problems existed in the route of waste collecting vehicle, its mathematical model is established and an improved genetic algorithm is raised. After analyzing and describing the basic theory and algorithm idea of this genetic algorithm, combined with the involved collecting points of one waste transfer station in Chengdu, this dissertation gives out the method and steps of this algorithm to calculate the route of waste collecting vehicle.
引文
[1]聂永丰.三废处理工程技术手册—固体废物卷[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002,2：1-2
[2]国家环保总局.2002年中国环境状况公报.环境保护.2003,(7)：3.13
[3]董锁成,曲鸿敏.城市生活垃圾资源潜力与产业化对策.资源科学.2001,23(2)
[4]废弃物学会.废弃物手册[M].金东振,金晶力,等译.北京：科学出版社,2004,9
[5]Hartlen J, Waste management in Sweden[J],Waste Manag.1996,16(5-6)
[6]Sakai S,Municipal Solid Waste Management in Japan[J],Waste Manag,1996, 16(5-6)
[7]Anderson,L.E.A.Mathematical Model for the Optimization of a Waste Management System[J]. Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, SERL Report,1968,68(1)
[8]J.Vehlow.Municipal Solid Waste Management in Germany[J]. Waste Management,1996,16:367-374
[9]陶渊,黄兴华,邱江.城市生活垃圾物流系统研究[J].环境卫生工程,2004,12(1)
[10]贾学斌,刘冬梅,等.用神经元理论优化生活垃圾收运路线.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(6)：819-821
[11]刘应明,任平.模糊性—精确性的另一半.清华大学出版社.2000.12
[12]何新贵.模糊知识处理的理论与技术.国防工业出版社.1994.1：410-413
[13]荩垆.实用模糊数学.科学技术文献出版社.1989.10：45-85,149-243
[14]成都统计年鉴(2007).北京：中国统计出版社,2007.
[15]刘守芳,刘沙,李铁松.城市垃圾产生量预测研究.云南环境科学.2006,25(1)：28～29.
[16]邓聚龙.灰色理论基础.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2002
[17]刘思峰.灰色系统理论及其应用.郑州：河南大学出版社,1991,2：144～173.
[18]王学萌,张继忠,王荣.灰色系统分析及应用计算程序,2001.
[19]成都市环境卫生监测中心数据.
[20]Kirca Oland N.Erkip.Selecting Transfer Station Locations for Large Solid WastManagement Systems[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998,38:339-349
[21]Everett J.W.,and A.R.Mokda.Optimal Regional Scheduling of Solid Waste Systems,ASCE[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,1996,122(9):785-792
[22]郝薇.城市生活垃圾分类收集势在必行.天津城市建设学院学报.2001年6月,7(2)：114-115.
[23]彭书传，崔康平.城市垃圾分类收集与资源化.合肥工业大学学报,2000,14(3)：37-38.
[24]张益,陶华.垃圾处理处置技术及工程实例.北京：化学工业出版社,2002,5：101-106.
[25]崔珧杰,张国英.城市生活垃圾处理方案优选模型的研究及应用.环境保护,2003：1.
[26]贺仲雄.模糊数学及其应用[M].天津：天津科学出版社,1983.1.
[27]赵晓冬,赵静一.模糊思维与广义设计理论·模型·应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998.
[28]卢徐节,陈季华,奚旦立.中国城市生活垃圾处理方法及利弊分析[J].环境污染与防治(网络版),2007,(3)：1.
[29]芈振明,高忠爱,祁梦兰等.固体废物的处理与处置.北京：高等教育出版社,1996
[30]李大卫,王莉,王梦光遗传算法在有时间窗车辆路径问题上的应用.系统工程理论与实践,1999
[31]赵赫,杜端甫.遗传算法求解旅行推销员问题时算子的设计和选择.系统工程理论与实践,1998,18(2)
[32]谢秉磊,李军,郭耀煌.遗传算法在非满载车辆线路安排问题中的应用.中国 学术期刊,1999
[33]戴绍利.基于混合遗传算法面向并行工程的可调度性研究.国防科技大学博士学位论文,1998
[34]董聪.广义遗传算法.大自然探索,1998,16(1)
[35]李茂军,童调生,罗隆福.单亲遗传算法及其应用研究.湖南大学学报.1998,25(6)
[36]肖膳,李茂军,张军平等.单亲遗传算法及其在物流配送系统中的应用.系统工程.2000,18(1)
[37]李茂军,童调生.单亲遗传算法及其全局收敛性分析.自动化学报.1999,25(1)
[38]李茂军,童调生,童光宇.单亲遗传算法图式定理的分析研究.中国控制与决策1998年学术会论文集.大连海事大学出版社.1998
[39]Ni-Bin Chang,S.F.Wang.Solid Waste Management System Analysis by Multi-objective Mixed Integer Programming Model[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1996,8
[40]Baetz B.W.,Pas E.I.,Needed,A.W.Trash Management:Sizing and Timing Decision for Incineration and Landfill Facilities[J].Interfaces,1989a,19:52-61
[41]Baetz B.W.,Pas E.I.,Vesilind P.A.Planning Hazardous Waste Reduction and Treatment Strategies:an Optimization Approach[J]. Waste Management and Research,1989b,7:53-163
[42]Ni-Bin Chang,S.F.Wang.Solid Waste Management System Analysis by Multi-objective Mixed Integer Programming Model[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1996,8:17-43
[43]Huang GH.A Hybrid Inexact-stochastic water management model[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998,107:137-158
[45]Koushki P A, Duaij U A, Ghimlas W A.2004. Collection and transportation cost of household solid waste [J]. Waste Management,24:957—964
[46]杨庆云.上海城市物流发展现状及对策.上海综合经济,2001.(12)
[47]章竞.废弃物物流-循环型社会的新课题.铁道货运,2004.(6)
[48]李军,郭耀煌.物流配送车辆优化调度理论与方法.北京.中国物资出版社,2001(16)
[49]谢秉磊,李军,郭耀煌遗传算法在非满载车辆线路安排问题中的应用.中国学术期刊,1999,5(8)
[50]郭耀煌,李军.车辆优化调度.成都.成都科技大学出版社,1994.35-37
[51]唐坤.车辆路径问题中的遗传算法设计.东华大学学报(自然科学版).2002,28(1)
[52]张潜,高立群,胡祥培等物流配送路径多目标优化的聚类—改进遗传算.控制与决策,2003,18(4).
[53]郎茂祥,胡思继.用混合遗传算法求解物流配送路径优化问题的研究[s].中国管理科学,2002,10(5)
[2]国家环保总局.2002年中国环境状况公报.环境保护.2003,(7)：3.13
[3]董锁成,曲鸿敏.城市生活垃圾资源潜力与产业化对策.资源科学.2001,23(2)
[4]废弃物学会.废弃物手册[M].金东振,金晶力,等译.北京：科学出版社,2004,9
[5]Hartlen J, Waste management in Sweden[J],Waste Manag.1996,16(5-6)
[6]Sakai S,Municipal Solid Waste Management in Japan[J],Waste Manag,1996, 16(5-6)
[7]Anderson,L.E.A.Mathematical Model for the Optimization of a Waste Management System[J]. Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, SERL Report,1968,68(1)
[8]J.Vehlow.Municipal Solid Waste Management in Germany[J]. Waste Management,1996,16:367-374
[9]陶渊,黄兴华,邱江.城市生活垃圾物流系统研究[J].环境卫生工程,2004,12(1)
[10]贾学斌,刘冬梅,等.用神经元理论优化生活垃圾收运路线.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(6)：819-821
[11]刘应明,任平.模糊性—精确性的另一半.清华大学出版社.2000.12
[12]何新贵.模糊知识处理的理论与技术.国防工业出版社.1994.1：410-413
[13]荩垆.实用模糊数学.科学技术文献出版社.1989.10：45-85,149-243
[14]成都统计年鉴(2007).北京：中国统计出版社,2007.
[15]刘守芳,刘沙,李铁松.城市垃圾产生量预测研究.云南环境科学.2006,25(1)：28～29.
[16]邓聚龙.灰色理论基础.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2002
[17]刘思峰.灰色系统理论及其应用.郑州：河南大学出版社,1991,2：144～173.
[18]王学萌,张继忠,王荣.灰色系统分析及应用计算程序,2001.
[19]成都市环境卫生监测中心数据.
[20]Kirca Oland N.Erkip.Selecting Transfer Station Locations for Large Solid WastManagement Systems[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998,38:339-349
[21]Everett J.W.,and A.R.Mokda.Optimal Regional Scheduling of Solid Waste Systems,ASCE[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,1996,122(9):785-792
[22]郝薇.城市生活垃圾分类收集势在必行.天津城市建设学院学报.2001年6月,7(2)：114-115.
[23]彭书传，崔康平.城市垃圾分类收集与资源化.合肥工业大学学报,2000,14(3)：37-38.
[24]张益,陶华.垃圾处理处置技术及工程实例.北京：化学工业出版社,2002,5：101-106.
[25]崔珧杰,张国英.城市生活垃圾处理方案优选模型的研究及应用.环境保护,2003：1.
[26]贺仲雄.模糊数学及其应用[M].天津：天津科学出版社,1983.1.
[27]赵晓冬,赵静一.模糊思维与广义设计理论·模型·应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998.
[28]卢徐节,陈季华,奚旦立.中国城市生活垃圾处理方法及利弊分析[J].环境污染与防治(网络版),2007,(3)：1.
[29]芈振明,高忠爱,祁梦兰等.固体废物的处理与处置.北京：高等教育出版社,1996
[30]李大卫,王莉,王梦光遗传算法在有时间窗车辆路径问题上的应用.系统工程理论与实践,1999
[31]赵赫,杜端甫.遗传算法求解旅行推销员问题时算子的设计和选择.系统工程理论与实践,1998,18(2)
[32]谢秉磊,李军,郭耀煌.遗传算法在非满载车辆线路安排问题中的应用.中国 学术期刊,1999
[33]戴绍利.基于混合遗传算法面向并行工程的可调度性研究.国防科技大学博士学位论文,1998
[34]董聪.广义遗传算法.大自然探索,1998,16(1)
[35]李茂军,童调生,罗隆福.单亲遗传算法及其应用研究.湖南大学学报.1998,25(6)
[36]肖膳,李茂军,张军平等.单亲遗传算法及其在物流配送系统中的应用.系统工程.2000,18(1)
[37]李茂军,童调生.单亲遗传算法及其全局收敛性分析.自动化学报.1999,25(1)
[38]李茂军,童调生,童光宇.单亲遗传算法图式定理的分析研究.中国控制与决策1998年学术会论文集.大连海事大学出版社.1998
[39]Ni-Bin Chang,S.F.Wang.Solid Waste Management System Analysis by Multi-objective Mixed Integer Programming Model[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1996,8
[40]Baetz B.W.,Pas E.I.,Needed,A.W.Trash Management:Sizing and Timing Decision for Incineration and Landfill Facilities[J].Interfaces,1989a,19:52-61
[41]Baetz B.W.,Pas E.I.,Vesilind P.A.Planning Hazardous Waste Reduction and Treatment Strategies:an Optimization Approach[J]. Waste Management and Research,1989b,7:53-163
[42]Ni-Bin Chang,S.F.Wang.Solid Waste Management System Analysis by Multi-objective Mixed Integer Programming Model[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1996,8:17-43
[43]Huang GH.A Hybrid Inexact-stochastic water management model[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998,107:137-158
[45]Koushki P A, Duaij U A, Ghimlas W A.2004. Collection and transportation cost of household solid waste [J]. Waste Management,24:957—964
[46]杨庆云.上海城市物流发展现状及对策.上海综合经济,2001.(12)
[47]章竞.废弃物物流-循环型社会的新课题.铁道货运,2004.(6)
[48]李军,郭耀煌.物流配送车辆优化调度理论与方法.北京.中国物资出版社,2001(16)
[49]谢秉磊,李军,郭耀煌遗传算法在非满载车辆线路安排问题中的应用.中国学术期刊,1999,5(8)
[50]郭耀煌,李军.车辆优化调度.成都.成都科技大学出版社,1994.35-37
[51]唐坤.车辆路径问题中的遗传算法设计.东华大学学报(自然科学版).2002,28(1)
[52]张潜,高立群,胡祥培等物流配送路径多目标优化的聚类—改进遗传算.控制与决策,2003,18(4).
[53]郎茂祥,胡思继.用混合遗传算法求解物流配送路径优化问题的研究[s].中国管理科学,2002,10(5)