青少年健康危险行为的测量与潜结构
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摘要
研究背景：健康危险行为会对青少年健康、完好状态乃至成年期的健康和生活质量造成直接或间接的损害。青春期是个体成长的重要阶段,在这个阶段青少年要经历生理和心理上的巨大变化。由于大脑结构及功能发展的不平衡性,青春期的个体更容易卷入危害健康的行为之中。因此,对青少年健康危险行为进行有效评估及其潜结构的研究就显得非常重要。国外研究发现,多种危险行为常常伴随发生,并提出问题行为理论来解释此种现象。该理论认为,各种不同形式的危险行为(如,物质滥用,危险性行为,暴力攻击等)是由同一个潜在的问题行为因子决定的。换句话说,不同形式的问题或危险行为是同一个潜在因子的外在表现。到目前为止,先前的研究并未为问题行为理论提供强有力的证据。
目的：首先,以问题行为理论为理论基础,编制一份符合我国青少年实际情况,同时涵盖多个危险行为领域,具有良好心理测量学特性的健康危险行为问卷。其次,在研究所编制的青少年健康危险行为问卷的基础上采用多种统计分析方法对青少年危险行为的潜结构进行了深入分析。最后,采用潜在类别分析探测青少年危险行为的群体异质性,将其分成不同的潜在类别组,以便为不同类型的危险行为组制定针对性的干预方案。
研究方法：以6633名青少年为样本进行问卷编制和心理测量学特性检验,接着在另外一个3226人的样本中采用多种方法对危险行为的潜结构进行探索。这些方法包括：分类测量学分析(Taxometric)、双因子模型(Bifactor)和潜在类别分析(latent class analysis)。
结果与结论：(1)本研究依据问题行为理论,经过一系列问卷编制程序,最后保留了27个条目形成了青少年危险行为问卷。该问卷包含五个危险行为领域：攻击暴力行为(8个条目)；破坏纪律行为(6个条目)；无保护性行为(4个条目)；自杀自残行为(5个条目)；吸烟饮酒行为(4个条目),信效度良好,可用于相关研究。(2)研究采用了流行的3种Taxometric程序(均值加减切点法,最大特征值法和潜在模式因子分析法),对青少年健康相关危险行为的潜在结构分别进行了分析,结果表明青少年健康危险行为的潜在结构是维度的而不是类别的。(3)青少年健康相关危险行为具有伴随发生的特点,传统的单因子模型拟合数据不理想。一阶相关多因子模型和二阶因子模型拟合数据在可接受的水平,但双因子结构模型拟合数据最优。(4)潜在类别分析结果保留4个潜在类别：高危险组—在所有的危险行为上均有较高的条件概率,占全体的13.6%；低危险行为组,占全体的44.7%,在几乎所有危险行为上均保持较低的条件概率；高自杀自残低物质滥用组,占全体的14.1%,表现出较高水平的自杀自残行为,而较少卷入物质滥用；低危险行为高物质滥用组,占全体的27.6%,表现出较高水平的物质滥用,但很少表现其他类型的危险行为。
Background:During adolescence health-risk behaviors (HRBs) or/and problem behaviors increase the likelihood of negative long-term consequences (e.g., unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections) and predict decreased psychosocial functioning throughout adulthood. Adolescence is one of the important stages of growth, in which adolescent will experience great changes in physical and psychological. Due to brain structure and function of the imbalance in development, adolescence is marked by greater involvement in problem behaviors than either earlier or later developmental periods. Previous studies revealed that various adolescent risky behaviors are correlated and tend to co-occur. In theory, Jessor and colleagues (Jessor&Jessor,1977) used the concept of a "Problem Behavior Syndrome" to explain intercorrelations among behaviors, including smoking, alcohol use, marijuana use, and sexual activity. It was suggested that the relations among the various problem behaviors were due to an underlying construct or latent variable of unconventionality in adolescence. So far, the previous studies did not provide strong evidence for problem behavior theory.
Purposes:firstly, based on problem behavior theory, we plan to develop a comprehensive tool, which assessing multiple domains of potential problem behavior domain, as well as with good psychometric properties. Secondly, to explore the underlying structure of adolescent risky behavior, several statistical techniques (i.e., Taxometric and Bifactor model) that designed to detect latent structure were employed in an independed sample. Finally, to detect group heterogeneity of adolescent risk behavior and to provide tailored intervention plan for different potential group, latent class analysis was conducted in a sample of3226students.
Research methods:Two adolescent samples were recruited from high schools, the sample size were6633and3226, respectively. The first sample was used to develop and validate the Health-Risk Behavior Inventory for Chinese Adolescents (HBICA), the second sample was used to explore the underlying structure of health-risk behaviors. Several statistical techniques (i.e., Taxometric, Bifactor model and latent class analysis) were employed.
Results and conclusions:(1) the current study identified27items and5factors to assess health-risk behaviors:Suicide and Self-Injurious Behavior (SS,5items), Aggression and Violence (AV,8items), Rule Breaking (RB,6items), Substance Use (SU,4items), and Unprotected Sex (US,4items), and the scale exhibited good reliability and validity.(2) Three popular taxometric procedures (i.e., Mean Above Minus Below a Cut, Maximum Eigenvalue and Latent-Mode factor analysis) were employed to decide wheather the latent structure of risk behavior is continuous or categorical variable. According to CCFI (Comparison curve fit index) indices and the shape of fit curves, the results demonstrated that the latent structure of risk behavior is a continuous variable.(3) Various adolescent risky behaviors are correlated and tend to co-occur, convential signle factor model fit the data not well. The one-order multiple correlated factors model and second-order factor model fit the data at accepted level, however, the best fitted model was the Bifactor model.(4) The latent class analysis yielded four latent classes:The first class, high-risk group, which comprises roughly14%of the sample, shows relatively high probabilities of engaging in all type of risky behaviors. The second latent class, low-risk group, those who engage in very few risky behaviors, make up roughly45%of the overall sample. The third class captured about14%of the sample, who engage in very few substance abuse behaviors and high probability of engaging in Suicide and Self-Injurious Behavior. The fourth class, which is labeled as high substance abuse and low other risk behavior youth, makes up roughly28%of the overall sample.
目的：首先,以问题行为理论为理论基础,编制一份符合我国青少年实际情况,同时涵盖多个危险行为领域,具有良好心理测量学特性的健康危险行为问卷。其次,在研究所编制的青少年健康危险行为问卷的基础上采用多种统计分析方法对青少年危险行为的潜结构进行了深入分析。最后,采用潜在类别分析探测青少年危险行为的群体异质性,将其分成不同的潜在类别组,以便为不同类型的危险行为组制定针对性的干预方案。
研究方法：以6633名青少年为样本进行问卷编制和心理测量学特性检验,接着在另外一个3226人的样本中采用多种方法对危险行为的潜结构进行探索。这些方法包括：分类测量学分析(Taxometric)、双因子模型(Bifactor)和潜在类别分析(latent class analysis)。
结果与结论：(1)本研究依据问题行为理论,经过一系列问卷编制程序,最后保留了27个条目形成了青少年危险行为问卷。该问卷包含五个危险行为领域：攻击暴力行为(8个条目)；破坏纪律行为(6个条目)；无保护性行为(4个条目)；自杀自残行为(5个条目)；吸烟饮酒行为(4个条目),信效度良好,可用于相关研究。(2)研究采用了流行的3种Taxometric程序(均值加减切点法,最大特征值法和潜在模式因子分析法),对青少年健康相关危险行为的潜在结构分别进行了分析,结果表明青少年健康危险行为的潜在结构是维度的而不是类别的。(3)青少年健康相关危险行为具有伴随发生的特点,传统的单因子模型拟合数据不理想。一阶相关多因子模型和二阶因子模型拟合数据在可接受的水平,但双因子结构模型拟合数据最优。(4)潜在类别分析结果保留4个潜在类别：高危险组—在所有的危险行为上均有较高的条件概率,占全体的13.6%；低危险行为组,占全体的44.7%,在几乎所有危险行为上均保持较低的条件概率；高自杀自残低物质滥用组,占全体的14.1%,表现出较高水平的自杀自残行为,而较少卷入物质滥用；低危险行为高物质滥用组,占全体的27.6%,表现出较高水平的物质滥用,但很少表现其他类型的危险行为。
Background:During adolescence health-risk behaviors (HRBs) or/and problem behaviors increase the likelihood of negative long-term consequences (e.g., unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections) and predict decreased psychosocial functioning throughout adulthood. Adolescence is one of the important stages of growth, in which adolescent will experience great changes in physical and psychological. Due to brain structure and function of the imbalance in development, adolescence is marked by greater involvement in problem behaviors than either earlier or later developmental periods. Previous studies revealed that various adolescent risky behaviors are correlated and tend to co-occur. In theory, Jessor and colleagues (Jessor&Jessor,1977) used the concept of a "Problem Behavior Syndrome" to explain intercorrelations among behaviors, including smoking, alcohol use, marijuana use, and sexual activity. It was suggested that the relations among the various problem behaviors were due to an underlying construct or latent variable of unconventionality in adolescence. So far, the previous studies did not provide strong evidence for problem behavior theory.
Purposes:firstly, based on problem behavior theory, we plan to develop a comprehensive tool, which assessing multiple domains of potential problem behavior domain, as well as with good psychometric properties. Secondly, to explore the underlying structure of adolescent risky behavior, several statistical techniques (i.e., Taxometric and Bifactor model) that designed to detect latent structure were employed in an independed sample. Finally, to detect group heterogeneity of adolescent risk behavior and to provide tailored intervention plan for different potential group, latent class analysis was conducted in a sample of3226students.
Research methods:Two adolescent samples were recruited from high schools, the sample size were6633and3226, respectively. The first sample was used to develop and validate the Health-Risk Behavior Inventory for Chinese Adolescents (HBICA), the second sample was used to explore the underlying structure of health-risk behaviors. Several statistical techniques (i.e., Taxometric, Bifactor model and latent class analysis) were employed.
Results and conclusions:(1) the current study identified27items and5factors to assess health-risk behaviors:Suicide and Self-Injurious Behavior (SS,5items), Aggression and Violence (AV,8items), Rule Breaking (RB,6items), Substance Use (SU,4items), and Unprotected Sex (US,4items), and the scale exhibited good reliability and validity.(2) Three popular taxometric procedures (i.e., Mean Above Minus Below a Cut, Maximum Eigenvalue and Latent-Mode factor analysis) were employed to decide wheather the latent structure of risk behavior is continuous or categorical variable. According to CCFI (Comparison curve fit index) indices and the shape of fit curves, the results demonstrated that the latent structure of risk behavior is a continuous variable.(3) Various adolescent risky behaviors are correlated and tend to co-occur, convential signle factor model fit the data not well. The one-order multiple correlated factors model and second-order factor model fit the data at accepted level, however, the best fitted model was the Bifactor model.(4) The latent class analysis yielded four latent classes:The first class, high-risk group, which comprises roughly14%of the sample, shows relatively high probabilities of engaging in all type of risky behaviors. The second latent class, low-risk group, those who engage in very few risky behaviors, make up roughly45%of the overall sample. The third class captured about14%of the sample, who engage in very few substance abuse behaviors and high probability of engaging in Suicide and Self-Injurious Behavior. The fourth class, which is labeled as high substance abuse and low other risk behavior youth, makes up roughly28%of the overall sample.
引文
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