轨道车辆动力轮对加载试验台的设计研究
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摘要
铁路是我国运输事业中极为重要的环节,轮对的性能和质量对轨道车辆能否安全行驶及正常使用寿命起到决定性作用,因此轮对装车前必须对其进行各方面的性能测试。目前我国用于轨道工程车辆、大型养路机械中的各类走行的轮对实验台中,轮对的加载测试主要为径向力加载和扭矩加载两方面,有的试验台甚至采用空载磨合。扭矩加载时的能量处理方式以功率耗散和能量消耗为主,但伴随着能源紧张趋势日渐严重,这种处理方式已经无法满足新形势下的需求,这使得开发一种高效节能和可长时间进行寿命等性能实验的新的实验台成为急需。本文针对轮对加载磨合实验台的现存问题,以其驱动系统的扭矩加载方式和加载系统的能量处理方式为研究对象进行分析讨论,主要工作如下：
1.综述以往轮对加载磨合试验台的实验设备及特点,分析当前轮对试验台采用的实验方式,依据各装置的特点和实验方式,指出其存在的不足,并提出解决方案。
2.根据轨道车辆对轮对性能的要求,进行试验台的液压系统控制方法研究。轮对加载系统主要分两部分：驱动系统和径向加载系统,驱动系统主要用于驱动轮对旋转和扭矩加载,径向加载系统适用于对轮对的轴承施加径向力。采用功率封闭系统作为驱动系统方案,可实现工作过程中对能量的回收利用；采用比例减压阀作为加载系统的压力控制方式,可确保被试件的安全。此系统简单可靠,可对轴承转速实现无极调节。
3.构建液压驱动轮对总成实验台的液压系统主要回路和元件的数学模型。深入研究试验台的工作方式,分析各回路和主要元器件的工作原理及内部构造,以此为基础建立系统的数学模型并进行分析,为进一步研究和改造系统奠定基础。
4.利用AMESim仿真软件分别建立驱动系统和加载系统的仿真模型,对比例减压阀进行了HCD建模。根据系统设计,确定各仿真参数后代入模型,对系统的响应特性、驱动特性及加载特性动态分析。
5.建立轮对加载磨合实验台,进一步通过实验验证了所设计的轮对总成试验台的液压系统具有良好的加载特性,能满足各种工况的试验要求。
Railway transportation is a very important part in China, the performance and quality of wheel-set plays a decisive role in the safe driving on the railway and normal life, Therefore, we must carry on performance testing before loading. At present, the wheel-set test platform we used for railway engineering vehicles and Large Track Maintenance Machine loading tests are mainly for loading radial force and torque both, some test-bed even used no-load running-in. There are two methods to deal with the energy when torque loading:power dissipation and energy consumption, but, with the trend of increasingly serious energy shortage, these two approaches have unable to meet the needs of new situation, this makes the development of an efficient, energy saving and sustainable development of a new approach is more urgent. Aiming at the existing problems of wheel-set's loading and running-in, analysis and discussion on its energy handles of loading and loading system, main tasks are as follows:
1. Review the characteristics of the experimental device of existing test platform, analysis the current method use in wheel-set experiments, based on the characteristics of each and experimental method, point out the shortcomings and propose solutions.
2. According to the performance requirements of wheel-set, carry on the hydraulic system control method. Wheel-set loading system mainly of drive system and loading system, wheel-set drive system is mainly used for rotation and torque load, loading system for radial force exerted on the wheel. Adopts power closed system as the drive system can realize work process to the energy recycling, and the proportional pressure reducing valve as the loading system pressure control mode can save energy. The system is simple, reliable, and can achieve continuously adjust on bearing.
3. Constructing the main loop and mathematical model of hydraulic drive system for wheel-set test-bad. In-depth study of the work test bed, analysis of each circuit and the main components and working principle of the internal structures, establish the mathematical model and analyze it for further research and lay the foundation for transformation of the system.
4. Using graphical simulation software AMESim established the driving system and the loading system simulation model, design the HCD modeling of proportional pressure reducing valve. According to system design, determines various simulation parameters offspring into model to analysis the driving characteristics and loading characteristics of dynamic analysis.
5. Establish the wheel-set test-bad, the experiment results show the design of the test-bad of the hydraulic system has good performance on loading and control.
1.综述以往轮对加载磨合试验台的实验设备及特点,分析当前轮对试验台采用的实验方式,依据各装置的特点和实验方式,指出其存在的不足,并提出解决方案。
2.根据轨道车辆对轮对性能的要求,进行试验台的液压系统控制方法研究。轮对加载系统主要分两部分：驱动系统和径向加载系统,驱动系统主要用于驱动轮对旋转和扭矩加载,径向加载系统适用于对轮对的轴承施加径向力。采用功率封闭系统作为驱动系统方案,可实现工作过程中对能量的回收利用；采用比例减压阀作为加载系统的压力控制方式,可确保被试件的安全。此系统简单可靠,可对轴承转速实现无极调节。
3.构建液压驱动轮对总成实验台的液压系统主要回路和元件的数学模型。深入研究试验台的工作方式,分析各回路和主要元器件的工作原理及内部构造,以此为基础建立系统的数学模型并进行分析,为进一步研究和改造系统奠定基础。
4.利用AMESim仿真软件分别建立驱动系统和加载系统的仿真模型,对比例减压阀进行了HCD建模。根据系统设计,确定各仿真参数后代入模型,对系统的响应特性、驱动特性及加载特性动态分析。
5.建立轮对加载磨合实验台,进一步通过实验验证了所设计的轮对总成试验台的液压系统具有良好的加载特性,能满足各种工况的试验要求。
Railway transportation is a very important part in China, the performance and quality of wheel-set plays a decisive role in the safe driving on the railway and normal life, Therefore, we must carry on performance testing before loading. At present, the wheel-set test platform we used for railway engineering vehicles and Large Track Maintenance Machine loading tests are mainly for loading radial force and torque both, some test-bed even used no-load running-in. There are two methods to deal with the energy when torque loading:power dissipation and energy consumption, but, with the trend of increasingly serious energy shortage, these two approaches have unable to meet the needs of new situation, this makes the development of an efficient, energy saving and sustainable development of a new approach is more urgent. Aiming at the existing problems of wheel-set's loading and running-in, analysis and discussion on its energy handles of loading and loading system, main tasks are as follows:
1. Review the characteristics of the experimental device of existing test platform, analysis the current method use in wheel-set experiments, based on the characteristics of each and experimental method, point out the shortcomings and propose solutions.
2. According to the performance requirements of wheel-set, carry on the hydraulic system control method. Wheel-set loading system mainly of drive system and loading system, wheel-set drive system is mainly used for rotation and torque load, loading system for radial force exerted on the wheel. Adopts power closed system as the drive system can realize work process to the energy recycling, and the proportional pressure reducing valve as the loading system pressure control mode can save energy. The system is simple, reliable, and can achieve continuously adjust on bearing.
3. Constructing the main loop and mathematical model of hydraulic drive system for wheel-set test-bad. In-depth study of the work test bed, analysis of each circuit and the main components and working principle of the internal structures, establish the mathematical model and analyze it for further research and lay the foundation for transformation of the system.
4. Using graphical simulation software AMESim established the driving system and the loading system simulation model, design the HCD modeling of proportional pressure reducing valve. According to system design, determines various simulation parameters offspring into model to analysis the driving characteristics and loading characteristics of dynamic analysis.
5. Establish the wheel-set test-bad, the experiment results show the design of the test-bad of the hydraulic system has good performance on loading and control.
引文
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[6]高向东,吴乃优,敖银辉等.铁路车辆轮对自动检测系统的研制[J].机车电传动,2003,3(2)：36-39
[7]唐欣欣.轮对磨合机故障检测系统设计与实现：[硕士学位论文].大连：大连交通大学,2008
[8]Liu Zhaodu. Mathematical models of tires-longitudinal roaf adhesion and their use in the study of road vehicle dynamics[J]. Journal of Beijing Insitute of Technology,1996,5(2):193～203
[9]XU X Y.MAO Z Y. The neural network predictive control of time delay systems[J]. Control Theory and Applications,2001,18(5):932～934
[10]张树军,任京乐,吉学东等.立式直流电力测功机的研制[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2001,30(4)：44～45
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[12]吴杰长,钱伟忠,陈国钧.水力测功器转矩控制器的设计与实验研究[J].测控技术,2007,26(1])：77～81
[13]杜丹丰,马岩.树立测功器制动扭矩的影响因素[J].北华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,11(2)：186～188
[14]李茂森.动力试验与测功机技术[J].电机与控制应用,2006, (9)43～45
[15]孙燕,王会明,尹静.内燃机测功器的现状及发张趋势[J].农机化研究,2004,(2)：44～45
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