贯流式泵站起动过渡过程水力特性研究
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摘要
随着工农业生产的发展以及人们生活水平的提高,对水利设施的需求日益增多,泵站建设得到了大量的发展,国内国外已建和将建的大型泵站越来越多。泵站类型有多种,其中贯流式泵站具有低扬程、大流量特点,其水流进出流态好,泵机组装置效率比较高,综合性能比较优。目前,随着贯流泵技术的发展,设备制造费大幅下降,轴系稳定性和检修维护方便性也大大提高。由此,贯流式泵站得到广泛应用,其中,南水北调东线工程中,江苏段拟新建的14座泵站中规划有7座贯流式泵站。由于贯流泵站自身特点,在起动过渡过程中常常因各种不利因素,造成起动困难,从而影响泵系统可靠性。
本文重点针对贯流泵站起动过渡过程特性,研究过渡过程中各种参数的变化及其影响因素。由于贯流泵站出水流道短且直,出口一般设快速闸门,在起动过程中,泵扬程增加速率较快,使水泵水力矩在起动后的短时内出现较大值,容易引起电机超载甚至造成起动失败。对贯流泵起动过渡过程研究目的是为了建立起动过渡过程中各参数的关系及其变化规律,找出过渡过程的主要影响因素,寻求合理的控制方式,采取有效措施以提高机组运行的安全可靠性,充分发挥泵站功能。通过对贯流泵起动过渡过程的研究,改善起动过程特性,提高起动过程可靠性,将有利于贯流式泵站的进一步发展和应用,对贯流泵站建设及运行管理有一定的指导意义和应用价值。
本文全面分析了贯流泵站过渡过程中经历的各主要工况及所涉及的主要工况参数,并结合起动过程中电动机特性及水泵特性建立过渡过程的力矩平衡方程。贯流泵站起动过渡过程是一个复杂的不稳定过程,其特性受各种因素的影响,本文主要针对闸门开启速度、延时开闸时间、胸墙顶部高程以及叶轮安放角对起动过程影响,进行研究分析。文中以胸墙内侧水位分别达到闸门开启时水位、上游水位、胸墙顶高程、胸墙内侧最高水位为临界点,将起动过渡过程分为多个阶段,分析各阶段中各种参数之间的关系及其影响因素,以电机起动特性及水泵特性为已知条件,应用流体力学原理建立贯流泵站起动过程动态数学模型,并以淮安三站为例,进行数值计算。计算结果显示,在贯流泵站起动过程中,闸门开启延时时间以及闸门开启速度对起动过渡过程均有明显影响。适当加快闸门开启速度和加长延时闸门开启时间可改善起动特性,对起动过程有利；对可调节贯流泵,还可以通过减小叶轮安放角来减小起动力矩；胸墙的高度对起动过渡过程也有一定的影响,在满足上游最高运行水位条件下,适当降低胸墙高度可改善起动特性。
With the development of industrial and agricultural production and the improving of people's living standards, there are more demanding for water conservancy facilities, in this process, more and more large pumping station have being or will be built in domestic and abroad. There are many types of pumping stations, according to pump type. Tubular pumping station is the pumping station, which is installed with tubular pump to develop low-head water resources. The feature is low head, large flow, The pump unit installations is more efficient; the comparison of overall performance and integrated investment of this pumping station is priorities. At present, with the development of technology of the large and medium tubular turbine and tubular pump, the equipment costs is declined and the shaft stability and ease of maintenance is more improved, so the tubular pumping station has been widely applied in the plain areas. In the largest water diversion project of the century-North Water Transfer Project, it is planned to build 7 tubular pumping stations of the 14 pumping station in Jiangsu Province. In the stable condition, tubular pump generally work well, but at the starting up and the stopping process, the water-mechanical transients would often work in adverse conditions, thereby it will affect the security and reliable operation of the pump system. Because of the characteristics of tubular pumping station, it is often difficult to start to affect the reliability of the pump system as a result of various unfavorable factors.
This paper focuses on the transition process of the tubular pump starting characteristics of the various parameters. As the tubular turbulence is short and straight, there is often installed fast gate in the export. In the transition process, the head increases so fast of the speed of the gate that it will lead to motor overload. The purpose of this research is to establish a transition process model between various parameters and their variation, then to take effective measures to improve safety and reliability of plant operation. By the research of this process, it will improve the starting characteristics and the reliability. It is valuable to facilitate the further development of tubular pumping.
This article analysis all major conditions experienced by the tubular pump transition process and the main working parameters involved, then combining the starting characteristics of motors and pumps feature to establish the transitional process of the torque balance equation. It is a complex unstable process of the tubular pump start transition, the characteristics are subject to various factors. In this paper, it analyzes the influence of the speed for the opening gate and the delaying time of gates and parapet height and the angles of the impeller blade. The process is divided into several stages by the change of the parapet level due to the opening time of the gate, the upstream water level, parapet roof elevation, the highest water level inside the parapet as the critical point, then analysis the relationship between various parameters and the impact of factors. Treat the characteristics of the motor and pump characteristics as known factor, then establish dynamic model by principles of fluid, take Huaian NO.3 station as an example to calculate. The results show that, in the tubular pump start the process, the delay time of opening gate and the speed of the starting gate are significant influence the transition process. It is propitious to the transition process by delaying the starting time of opening gate and speeding up the speed of opening gate. The starting torque can be reduced by adjust the angle of impeller. The height of parapet has certain influence of the transition process. It can improve the starting characteristics by reducing the height of parapet.
本文重点针对贯流泵站起动过渡过程特性,研究过渡过程中各种参数的变化及其影响因素。由于贯流泵站出水流道短且直,出口一般设快速闸门,在起动过程中,泵扬程增加速率较快,使水泵水力矩在起动后的短时内出现较大值,容易引起电机超载甚至造成起动失败。对贯流泵起动过渡过程研究目的是为了建立起动过渡过程中各参数的关系及其变化规律,找出过渡过程的主要影响因素,寻求合理的控制方式,采取有效措施以提高机组运行的安全可靠性,充分发挥泵站功能。通过对贯流泵起动过渡过程的研究,改善起动过程特性,提高起动过程可靠性,将有利于贯流式泵站的进一步发展和应用,对贯流泵站建设及运行管理有一定的指导意义和应用价值。
本文全面分析了贯流泵站过渡过程中经历的各主要工况及所涉及的主要工况参数,并结合起动过程中电动机特性及水泵特性建立过渡过程的力矩平衡方程。贯流泵站起动过渡过程是一个复杂的不稳定过程,其特性受各种因素的影响,本文主要针对闸门开启速度、延时开闸时间、胸墙顶部高程以及叶轮安放角对起动过程影响,进行研究分析。文中以胸墙内侧水位分别达到闸门开启时水位、上游水位、胸墙顶高程、胸墙内侧最高水位为临界点,将起动过渡过程分为多个阶段,分析各阶段中各种参数之间的关系及其影响因素,以电机起动特性及水泵特性为已知条件,应用流体力学原理建立贯流泵站起动过程动态数学模型,并以淮安三站为例,进行数值计算。计算结果显示,在贯流泵站起动过程中,闸门开启延时时间以及闸门开启速度对起动过渡过程均有明显影响。适当加快闸门开启速度和加长延时闸门开启时间可改善起动特性,对起动过程有利；对可调节贯流泵,还可以通过减小叶轮安放角来减小起动力矩；胸墙的高度对起动过渡过程也有一定的影响,在满足上游最高运行水位条件下,适当降低胸墙高度可改善起动特性。
With the development of industrial and agricultural production and the improving of people's living standards, there are more demanding for water conservancy facilities, in this process, more and more large pumping station have being or will be built in domestic and abroad. There are many types of pumping stations, according to pump type. Tubular pumping station is the pumping station, which is installed with tubular pump to develop low-head water resources. The feature is low head, large flow, The pump unit installations is more efficient; the comparison of overall performance and integrated investment of this pumping station is priorities. At present, with the development of technology of the large and medium tubular turbine and tubular pump, the equipment costs is declined and the shaft stability and ease of maintenance is more improved, so the tubular pumping station has been widely applied in the plain areas. In the largest water diversion project of the century-North Water Transfer Project, it is planned to build 7 tubular pumping stations of the 14 pumping station in Jiangsu Province. In the stable condition, tubular pump generally work well, but at the starting up and the stopping process, the water-mechanical transients would often work in adverse conditions, thereby it will affect the security and reliable operation of the pump system. Because of the characteristics of tubular pumping station, it is often difficult to start to affect the reliability of the pump system as a result of various unfavorable factors.
This paper focuses on the transition process of the tubular pump starting characteristics of the various parameters. As the tubular turbulence is short and straight, there is often installed fast gate in the export. In the transition process, the head increases so fast of the speed of the gate that it will lead to motor overload. The purpose of this research is to establish a transition process model between various parameters and their variation, then to take effective measures to improve safety and reliability of plant operation. By the research of this process, it will improve the starting characteristics and the reliability. It is valuable to facilitate the further development of tubular pumping.
This article analysis all major conditions experienced by the tubular pump transition process and the main working parameters involved, then combining the starting characteristics of motors and pumps feature to establish the transitional process of the torque balance equation. It is a complex unstable process of the tubular pump start transition, the characteristics are subject to various factors. In this paper, it analyzes the influence of the speed for the opening gate and the delaying time of gates and parapet height and the angles of the impeller blade. The process is divided into several stages by the change of the parapet level due to the opening time of the gate, the upstream water level, parapet roof elevation, the highest water level inside the parapet as the critical point, then analysis the relationship between various parameters and the impact of factors. Treat the characteristics of the motor and pump characteristics as known factor, then establish dynamic model by principles of fluid, take Huaian NO.3 station as an example to calculate. The results show that, in the tubular pump start the process, the delay time of opening gate and the speed of the starting gate are significant influence the transition process. It is propitious to the transition process by delaying the starting time of opening gate and speeding up the speed of opening gate. The starting torque can be reduced by adjust the angle of impeller. The height of parapet has certain influence of the transition process. It can improve the starting characteristics by reducing the height of parapet.
引文
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