基于模型法的气体管道泄漏检测及定位技术研究
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摘要
管道泄漏检测与定位技术是管道安全运行的重要保障。模型法作为一种有效的管道泄漏检测与定位方法,能够准确地模拟管道运行,反应管道流动特征,适用于多种泄漏工况。基于模型法的液体管道定位技术已经有了一定的发展,并且应用到实际检测中。目前,基于模型法的气体管道泄漏检测定位方法多采用液体管道模型,也没有考虑气体本身的特点,使得气体管道泄漏检测与定位精度较低;摩阻系数是模型的重要参数,它的不均分布直接影响着气体管道泄漏定位的精度。因此,研究气体管道泄漏检测与定位方法对气体管道安全运行具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本文研究天然气管道泄漏检测与定位技术现状,基于气体管道的流体方程,建立了气体管道的稳态模型,在此基础上,结合管道输送的动力学机理,推导出气体管道泄漏定位公式;研究了管径突变以及异构管件造成的摩阻系数不均分布对气体管道泄漏与定位的影响,并应用摩阻系数的等效变换,提出了摩阻不均分布的气体管道泄漏定位补偿方法。
实验结果表明,应用气体管道泄漏定位公式能够实现简单、快速地泄漏定位;基于气体管道稳态模型的摩阻不均分布的泄漏定位补偿方法可以有效提高气体管道泄漏定位精度。
The technology of Pipeline Leaking Detection and Location is an important guarantee for safe operation of pipe. Model which is an effective method of leaking detection and location, can accurately simulate the pipeline operation, response characteristics of pipe flow, applicable to a wide range of leakage condition. The liquid leaking location technology based on the model, has been a certain degree of development, and has been applied to the actual testing. At present, the gas leaking detection and location methods based on the model of gas pipeline use the model of liquid pipeline model, not considering the characteristics of gas itself to makes the gas pipeline leak detection at a lower positioning accuracy. Besides, friction coefficient is an important parameter in model, and its uneven distribution can impact the positioning accuracy of the pipeline leaking. Therefore, the study of gas pipeline detection and location method is very important to the safe operation of gas pipelines.
Based on the analysis of natural gas pipeline leaking detection and location, using the equation of steady-state, derived gas pipeline leaking location formula; study uneven distribution of friction coefficient, analyzing the impact to leak location of friction uneven distribution, according to equivalent transformation of the friction, proposed the positioning compensation method of friction uneven distribution.
Experimental results show that gas pipeline leaking location formula is effective in leak location; the improved model that contains the frictional coefficient distribution, can improve precision of the leak location.
本文研究天然气管道泄漏检测与定位技术现状,基于气体管道的流体方程,建立了气体管道的稳态模型,在此基础上,结合管道输送的动力学机理,推导出气体管道泄漏定位公式;研究了管径突变以及异构管件造成的摩阻系数不均分布对气体管道泄漏与定位的影响,并应用摩阻系数的等效变换,提出了摩阻不均分布的气体管道泄漏定位补偿方法。
实验结果表明,应用气体管道泄漏定位公式能够实现简单、快速地泄漏定位;基于气体管道稳态模型的摩阻不均分布的泄漏定位补偿方法可以有效提高气体管道泄漏定位精度。
The technology of Pipeline Leaking Detection and Location is an important guarantee for safe operation of pipe. Model which is an effective method of leaking detection and location, can accurately simulate the pipeline operation, response characteristics of pipe flow, applicable to a wide range of leakage condition. The liquid leaking location technology based on the model, has been a certain degree of development, and has been applied to the actual testing. At present, the gas leaking detection and location methods based on the model of gas pipeline use the model of liquid pipeline model, not considering the characteristics of gas itself to makes the gas pipeline leak detection at a lower positioning accuracy. Besides, friction coefficient is an important parameter in model, and its uneven distribution can impact the positioning accuracy of the pipeline leaking. Therefore, the study of gas pipeline detection and location method is very important to the safe operation of gas pipelines.
Based on the analysis of natural gas pipeline leaking detection and location, using the equation of steady-state, derived gas pipeline leaking location formula; study uneven distribution of friction coefficient, analyzing the impact to leak location of friction uneven distribution, according to equivalent transformation of the friction, proposed the positioning compensation method of friction uneven distribution.
Experimental results show that gas pipeline leaking location formula is effective in leak location; the improved model that contains the frictional coefficient distribution, can improve precision of the leak location.
引文
[1]王树立.输气管道设计与管理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.91-103
[2]John Godfrey.Colonial uses risk assessment to enhance system integrity[J].Pipeline & Gas Industry,2001,n6:49-51
[3]Huebler E.James.Gas pipeline leak detection and management[A].12~(th)International Symposium Environmental Biotechnologies and Site Remediation Technologies & Utility Industry Environmental Issues,Challenges,and Solutions Conference[C].Orlando,Florida,Dec 6-10,1999,vo13:18.1-18.13
[4]焦敬品,何存富,吴斌,费仁元.基于模态分析和小波变换的声发射源定位新算法的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,26(5):482-485
[5]Muthiah R..Pipeline leak detection system for oil and gas flowlines[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,1997,119(1):105-109
[6]王延年,赵玉龙,朱笠,蒋庄德,赵国仙.分布式光纤传感器在管道泄漏监测中的应用[J].郑州大学学报,2003,35(2):34-37
[7]Lee Min-Rae,Lee Joon-Hyun.Acoustic emission technique for pipeline leak detection[J].Key Engineering Materials,2000(183):887-892
[8]焦敬品,何存富,吴斌,费仁元.基于模态分析和小波变换的声发射源定位新算法的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,26(5):482-485
[9]Rajtar J.M...Pipeline leak detection system for oil and gas flowlines[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,1997,119(1):105-109
[10]李炜,朱芸,毛海杰,李应启.SPRT检验法和小波变换法在管道泄漏检测中的应用[J].计算机测量与控制,2005,13(9),903-907
[11]王海生,叶昊,王桂增.基于小波分析的输油管道泄漏检测[J].信息与控制,2002,31(5):456-460
[12]吴荔清,莫彬,娄晓东.用贝叶斯法判断输油管道的泄漏[J].油气储运,2001,20(12):15-16
[13]靳世久,唐秀家,王立宁,李健.原油管道泄漏检测与定位[J].仪器仪表学报,1997,18(4):343-348
[14]Pudar S.R.,Liggett A.J..Leaks in Pipe Network[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1992,118(7):1031-1046
[15]Liggett A.J.,Chen L.C.Inverse Transient analysis in pipe networks[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1994,120(8):934-955
[16]陶洛文,方崇智,萧德云.以辨识为基础的长输管线故障定位[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1986,2(4):69-75
[17]陶洛文,方崇智.基于优化方法的非线性观测器设计[J].自动化学报,1988,14(1):45-50
[18]Benkherouf A.,Allidina Y.A..Leak detection and location in gas pipelines[J].IEE Proceedings,1988,135(2):142-148
[19]Tu Yaqing,Qiu Dongqiang,Zhang Du.A Revised Statistical Deduction Approach to Pipeline Leak Detection[A].Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Information and Measurement Technology Conference[J].IMTC,Vail,CO,USA,May20-22, 2003:p1639-1642[2
0]zhang weiming.New approach of Kalman filter to nonlinear system[J].Joumal of Southeast University,Vol 21,No 1,pp 24-28 Mar 2005,ISSN 1003-7985
[21]Billmann L.,Isermann R..Leak detection methods for pipelines[J].Automatica,1987,23(3):381-385
[22]Verde C..Multi-leak detection and isolation in fluid pipelines[J].Control Engineering Practice,2001,9(6):673-682
[23]Verde C.,N.Visairo.Bank of nonlinear observers for the detection of multiple leaks in a pipeline[A].Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications[C],Mexico City,Mexico,September 5-7,2001,p714-719
[24]C.Verde,Visairo N..Identificability of multi-leaks in a pipeline[A].Proceeding of the 2004 American Control Conference[C],Boston,Massachusetts,June 30-July 2,2004,p4378-4383
[25]Williams Lippitt T..System signals advance in leak detection[J].Oil & Gas Journal,1988,8(3):42-47
[26]Griebenow G.,Mears M.Leak detection implementation:Modeling and tuning[J].Pipeline safety and leak detection,ASME,Houston,1988,p9-18
[27]Liou P.C..Leak detection—A transient flow simulation approach[A].Engineering source technology conference and exhibiton,Pipeline Engineering Symposium[C],ASME,New Orleans,Louisiana,1994
[28]Abdulrahman M.AL-Khomairi.Improving leak detectability in long liquids pipelines[D].USA:Colorada State University,1995
[29]李长俊,江茂泽.复杂输气管道中不稳定流动的迦辽金解[J].天然气工业,1998,18(3):65-68
[30]李长俊,陈鑫,刘继.迦辽金法在管道不稳定流动分析中的应用[J].油气储运,2002,21(4):31-34
[31]梁永图.采用辨识法确定摩阻系数[J].油气储运,2006,25(9)
[2]John Godfrey.Colonial uses risk assessment to enhance system integrity[J].Pipeline & Gas Industry,2001,n6:49-51
[3]Huebler E.James.Gas pipeline leak detection and management[A].12~(th)International Symposium Environmental Biotechnologies and Site Remediation Technologies & Utility Industry Environmental Issues,Challenges,and Solutions Conference[C].Orlando,Florida,Dec 6-10,1999,vo13:18.1-18.13
[4]焦敬品,何存富,吴斌,费仁元.基于模态分析和小波变换的声发射源定位新算法的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,26(5):482-485
[5]Muthiah R..Pipeline leak detection system for oil and gas flowlines[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,1997,119(1):105-109
[6]王延年,赵玉龙,朱笠,蒋庄德,赵国仙.分布式光纤传感器在管道泄漏监测中的应用[J].郑州大学学报,2003,35(2):34-37
[7]Lee Min-Rae,Lee Joon-Hyun.Acoustic emission technique for pipeline leak detection[J].Key Engineering Materials,2000(183):887-892
[8]焦敬品,何存富,吴斌,费仁元.基于模态分析和小波变换的声发射源定位新算法的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,26(5):482-485
[9]Rajtar J.M...Pipeline leak detection system for oil and gas flowlines[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,1997,119(1):105-109
[10]李炜,朱芸,毛海杰,李应启.SPRT检验法和小波变换法在管道泄漏检测中的应用[J].计算机测量与控制,2005,13(9),903-907
[11]王海生,叶昊,王桂增.基于小波分析的输油管道泄漏检测[J].信息与控制,2002,31(5):456-460
[12]吴荔清,莫彬,娄晓东.用贝叶斯法判断输油管道的泄漏[J].油气储运,2001,20(12):15-16
[13]靳世久,唐秀家,王立宁,李健.原油管道泄漏检测与定位[J].仪器仪表学报,1997,18(4):343-348
[14]Pudar S.R.,Liggett A.J..Leaks in Pipe Network[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1992,118(7):1031-1046
[15]Liggett A.J.,Chen L.C.Inverse Transient analysis in pipe networks[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1994,120(8):934-955
[16]陶洛文,方崇智,萧德云.以辨识为基础的长输管线故障定位[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1986,2(4):69-75
[17]陶洛文,方崇智.基于优化方法的非线性观测器设计[J].自动化学报,1988,14(1):45-50
[18]Benkherouf A.,Allidina Y.A..Leak detection and location in gas pipelines[J].IEE Proceedings,1988,135(2):142-148
[19]Tu Yaqing,Qiu Dongqiang,Zhang Du.A Revised Statistical Deduction Approach to Pipeline Leak Detection[A].Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Information and Measurement Technology Conference[J].IMTC,Vail,CO,USA,May20-22, 2003:p1639-1642[2
0]zhang weiming.New approach of Kalman filter to nonlinear system[J].Joumal of Southeast University,Vol 21,No 1,pp 24-28 Mar 2005,ISSN 1003-7985
[21]Billmann L.,Isermann R..Leak detection methods for pipelines[J].Automatica,1987,23(3):381-385
[22]Verde C..Multi-leak detection and isolation in fluid pipelines[J].Control Engineering Practice,2001,9(6):673-682
[23]Verde C.,N.Visairo.Bank of nonlinear observers for the detection of multiple leaks in a pipeline[A].Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications[C],Mexico City,Mexico,September 5-7,2001,p714-719
[24]C.Verde,Visairo N..Identificability of multi-leaks in a pipeline[A].Proceeding of the 2004 American Control Conference[C],Boston,Massachusetts,June 30-July 2,2004,p4378-4383
[25]Williams Lippitt T..System signals advance in leak detection[J].Oil & Gas Journal,1988,8(3):42-47
[26]Griebenow G.,Mears M.Leak detection implementation:Modeling and tuning[J].Pipeline safety and leak detection,ASME,Houston,1988,p9-18
[27]Liou P.C..Leak detection—A transient flow simulation approach[A].Engineering source technology conference and exhibiton,Pipeline Engineering Symposium[C],ASME,New Orleans,Louisiana,1994
[28]Abdulrahman M.AL-Khomairi.Improving leak detectability in long liquids pipelines[D].USA:Colorada State University,1995
[29]李长俊,江茂泽.复杂输气管道中不稳定流动的迦辽金解[J].天然气工业,1998,18(3):65-68
[30]李长俊,陈鑫,刘继.迦辽金法在管道不稳定流动分析中的应用[J].油气储运,2002,21(4):31-34
[31]梁永图.采用辨识法确定摩阻系数[J].油气储运,2006,25(9)