基于遥感的城市小区居住环境质量综合评价研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展,人们对城市住宅小区的需求已上升到追求人居环境质量的高层面。在城市住宅小区建设高度发展的同时,城市小区居住环境中存在的问题也不断的暴露出来,人居环境的现实状况与居民对城市小区居住环境质量的要求之间的矛盾比较突出。
居住环境质量的高低是一个内涵非常广泛的问题,如何全面、科学的评价城市小区居住环境质量在我国是一个新的研究热点。本研究以“人居环境科学理论”为基础,深入探究人居环境的涵义,研究了构成评价城市小区居住环境质量的重要的影响因子,并结合现代遥感技术在地物提取上的实用、方便的特点,构建了包含建筑环境、绿地环境和人口环境三类指标的基于遥感的城市小区居住环境质量评价指标体系。在评价系统所涉及到的众多指标当中,对专家调查结果进行了层次分析,通过判断矩阵计算、一致性检验,确定了综合评价指标体系中各指标的权重。利用遥感的方法获取评价指标在遥感应用领域和环境评价领域都是新的方法,其中的关键在于通过航空影像提取筑物阴影和绿地信息。
最后,将该评价指标体系用于一个城市小区居住环境质量的综合评价当中,根据该城市小区的航空像片,采用遥感方法并结合相关统计资料测算各评价指标值,并对综合评价的结果进行了分析,由此检验了遥感方法的实用性、快捷性以及评价指标体系的科学性。
Along with the rapid development of growth of China’s economy, the demand of Chinese towards residential living has risen to a level where people striving to have a high quality community on Human Settlements. With the fast development of housing, more and more problems have been discovered within these communities on human settlements. In result, It becomes an obvious issue between the people’s need for better quality living and the current status of residential living.
Human settlements quality covers a wide range of topics. It’s a new research focus to evaluation the quality of the community on Human Settlements. Based on the theory of sciences of human settlements, this article probes the inner connotation of human settlements of residential community, analyses the important influencing factors of human settlements of residential community. Combined with the modern remote sensing technology advantages on extraction of objects from urban aerial images, this article sets up an index system of human settlements of residential community based-on Remote Sensing. This index system includes buildings, green land and population factors. Among the many indexes of the valuation system, this article uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by the calculation of the experts’judgment Matrix and consistency Test to give value of the indexes of the system. It’s a new way to use remote sensing methods to obtain the indexes, not only in remote sensing application, but also in the environment assessment. The primary is the extraction of the green land and the shadow of the buildings.
Last, this index system is put to use in an evaluation a project of residential community in a university. It uses the aerial image of the community and some static information to obtain the indexes. And we get a comprehensive evaluation of the residential community. Also, it tests the scientific quality of this index system of human settlements quality of residential community after the analysis of the result. And, we can know that the RS method is utility and timeliness.
居住环境质量的高低是一个内涵非常广泛的问题,如何全面、科学的评价城市小区居住环境质量在我国是一个新的研究热点。本研究以“人居环境科学理论”为基础,深入探究人居环境的涵义,研究了构成评价城市小区居住环境质量的重要的影响因子,并结合现代遥感技术在地物提取上的实用、方便的特点,构建了包含建筑环境、绿地环境和人口环境三类指标的基于遥感的城市小区居住环境质量评价指标体系。在评价系统所涉及到的众多指标当中,对专家调查结果进行了层次分析,通过判断矩阵计算、一致性检验,确定了综合评价指标体系中各指标的权重。利用遥感的方法获取评价指标在遥感应用领域和环境评价领域都是新的方法,其中的关键在于通过航空影像提取筑物阴影和绿地信息。
最后,将该评价指标体系用于一个城市小区居住环境质量的综合评价当中,根据该城市小区的航空像片,采用遥感方法并结合相关统计资料测算各评价指标值,并对综合评价的结果进行了分析,由此检验了遥感方法的实用性、快捷性以及评价指标体系的科学性。
Along with the rapid development of growth of China’s economy, the demand of Chinese towards residential living has risen to a level where people striving to have a high quality community on Human Settlements. With the fast development of housing, more and more problems have been discovered within these communities on human settlements. In result, It becomes an obvious issue between the people’s need for better quality living and the current status of residential living.
Human settlements quality covers a wide range of topics. It’s a new research focus to evaluation the quality of the community on Human Settlements. Based on the theory of sciences of human settlements, this article probes the inner connotation of human settlements of residential community, analyses the important influencing factors of human settlements of residential community. Combined with the modern remote sensing technology advantages on extraction of objects from urban aerial images, this article sets up an index system of human settlements of residential community based-on Remote Sensing. This index system includes buildings, green land and population factors. Among the many indexes of the valuation system, this article uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by the calculation of the experts’judgment Matrix and consistency Test to give value of the indexes of the system. It’s a new way to use remote sensing methods to obtain the indexes, not only in remote sensing application, but also in the environment assessment. The primary is the extraction of the green land and the shadow of the buildings.
Last, this index system is put to use in an evaluation a project of residential community in a university. It uses the aerial image of the community and some static information to obtain the indexes. And we get a comprehensive evaluation of the residential community. Also, it tests the scientific quality of this index system of human settlements quality of residential community after the analysis of the result. And, we can know that the RS method is utility and timeliness.
引文
[1]吴良镛.人居环境科学导论[M].北京中国建筑工业出版社, 2001(10): 3-21
[2]叶明.中国住宅环境的技术进步与发展[J].住宅科技, 2004(2): 3
[3] Wu Liangyong. Science of human settlements: Searching for the theory and practice[J]. Ekistics,2002: 279-284
[4] Sawicki, David Flynn, Patrice. Neighborhood indicators: a review of the literature and an assessment conceptual and method logical issues [J]. Journal of the American Planning Association,1996,62(2): 165-18
[5] Varady, DavidP. Neighborhood regeneration: an international evaluation [J]. Journal of the American Planning Association,1995,61(2): 283-286
[6] Barber, Jeffrey. The sustainable communities movement [J]. Journal of Environment and Development. 1996,5(3): 338-348.
[7] Headerson, Harold. A better place to live [J]. Planning,1995,. 61(9): 26-2
[8] William Siembieda. Human Settltments and Planning for Ecological Sustainability. Journal for American Planning Association,1999
[9] Greenberg, Michael. There goes the neighbor [J]. Planning. 1996,62(2): 18-21.
[10]王如松.系统化、自然化、经济化、人性化-城市人居环境规划的生态转型[J].城市环境与城市生态, 2001(3): 1-5
[11]王如松.高效、和谐——城市生态调控原则与方法[M].湖南教育出版社, 1988
[12]宁越敏,查志强.大都市人居环境评价与优化研究——以上海市为例[J].城市规划, 1999(6 ): 15-20
[13]李雪铭等.人居环境:地理学研究面临的一个新课题[J].地理学与国土研究, 2000 (2): 75-78
[14]李王鸣等.中外人居环境理论与实践发展述评[J].浙江大学学报(理学版), 2000(2): 205-210
[15]吴志强,尉芳.可持续发展中国人居环境评价体系[M].科学出版社, 2004
[16]刘颂,刘滨谊.城市人居环境可持续发展评价指标体系研究[J].城市规划汇刊, 1999 (5): 35-37
[17]李王鸣等.城市人居环境评价——以杭州城市为例[J].经济地理, 1999(2): 38-42
[18]徐瑞祥等.南京市区人居环境质量评价研究[J].现代城市研究, 2003 (2) 77-81
[19]龙腾智,张智.居住区环境质量综合评价体系研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报, 2002, 24(6): 35-38
[20]吴硕贤,李劲鹏.居住区生活与环境质量综合评价[J].华南理工大学学报, 2000, 28(6): 7- 2
[21] Critina Milesi, Christopher D Elvidge, Rammakrishna R Nemani, Steven W Running. Assessing the environmental impacts of human settlements using satellite data[J]. Management of Environmental Quality,2003
[22]宋永昌等.城市生态学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社. 2000
[23]梅安新等.应用遥感技术研究浦东新区环境综合评价[J].上海建设科技, 1996(2): 41-42
[24]程承旗,李启青,沙志友等.城市居住单元环境质量的高分辨率遥感评价方法研究[J].地球科学进展, 2006(1): 24-30
[25]吴良镛.关于人居环境科学[J].城市发展研究, 1996(1): 1-5
[26]吴良镛.人居环境科学的探索[J].规划师, 2001(6): 5-9
[27]吴良镛.人居环境的理论还需要发展[J].中国城市报道, 2004(3): 13
[28]沈益人.世纪之交的居住环境初探[J].城市开发, 1999(2):27-28
[29]张科强,闫杰.把握环境内涵创造高质量居住环境[J].陕西工学院学报.2000(3): 44-49
[30]胡永宏.综合评价方法[M].科学出版社, 2000
[31]李玉琳,高志刚,韩延玲.模糊综合评价中权值确定和合成算子选择[J].计算机工程与应用, 2006(23) : 38-44
[32]赵焕臣.层次分析法[M].科学出版社
[33]常庆瑞,蒋平安,周勇等.遥感技术导论[M].科学出版社,2004
[34]黄震.上海市居住区环境保护的对策研究[J].上海环境科学, 1998,17 (11): 23-24, 27
[35]华虹.城市旧居住区的环境质量评价[J].监测与评价, 1999(6): 26-28
[36]何华伟,郭仕德,林旭东等.厦门典型居住区环境质量高分辨率遥感评价[J]: 2005. 12(6): 64-66
[37] C. Bockstaller, P. Girardin. How to validate environmental indicators. Agricultural Systems[J] 76(2). 2003(5): 639-653
[38]查勇.测定城市建筑容积率的遥感方法研究[J].地理科学进展, 2001, 20(4):378-383
[39]张秀志.由居住需求决定小区功能结构的分析[J].住宅科技, 2003(6): 6-8
[40]梁永基,王莲清主编.居住区园林绿地设计[M].中国林业出版社, 2001(5)
[41]郑正,扈媛.从住区的可持续发展看我国城市住宅面积标准和小汽车进入家庭[J].城市规划汇刊, 1998(2): 43-44
[42] R. Nevatia,C. Lin and A. Huertas. A System for Building Detection from Aerial Images. in Processings,Automatic Extraction of Man-Made Objects from Aerial and Space Images(Ⅱ),Birkhauser,Basel,Switzer-lan. 1997: 77-86
[43] Philip T. Giles. Remote Sensing and Cast Shadows in Mountainous Terrain , Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing , 2001 , 67(7) :833～839.
[44] J. Canny. A computational Approach to Edge Detection. IEEE Trans[J]. Pattent Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 1986,June,8(6): 679-698
[45] S. Noronha and R. Nevatia,Detection and Description of Buildings from Multiple Aerial Images. Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recongnition. 1997: 588-594
[46] Victor J. D. Tsai,A comparative study on shadow compensation of color aerial images in invariant color models. IEEE transaction on geoscience and remote sensing,2006,44(6): 661-1671.
[47] R. Smith,Color gamut transform pairs,Proc. SIGRAPH, 1978, vol. 3(ACM), Atalanta,GA,Aug. 23–25: 12-19
[48] Bruceirvin B, Mckeown D M. Methods for Exploring the Relationship Between Buildings and Their Shadows in Aerial Imagery[J]. IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. 1989, 19(16): 1564～1575
[49] Mohamad Akra,Louay Bazzi, and Sanjoy Mitter,Fellow,IEEE. Sampling of images for efficient model-based vision[J].IEEE Transtions on Pattern Analysis and Machine intelligence,1999,21(1)
[50] Hirokazu Yamamoto, Koji Kajiwara, etc. The study on biomass estimation in Mongolian Grassland using satellite data and field measurement data , GIS develepoment, ARCS2000
[51]黄慧萍,吴炳方,李苗苗等.高分辨率影像城市绿地快速提取技术与应用[J].遥感学报, 2004(1)
[2]叶明.中国住宅环境的技术进步与发展[J].住宅科技, 2004(2): 3
[3] Wu Liangyong. Science of human settlements: Searching for the theory and practice[J]. Ekistics,2002: 279-284
[4] Sawicki, David Flynn, Patrice. Neighborhood indicators: a review of the literature and an assessment conceptual and method logical issues [J]. Journal of the American Planning Association,1996,62(2): 165-18
[5] Varady, DavidP. Neighborhood regeneration: an international evaluation [J]. Journal of the American Planning Association,1995,61(2): 283-286
[6] Barber, Jeffrey. The sustainable communities movement [J]. Journal of Environment and Development. 1996,5(3): 338-348.
[7] Headerson, Harold. A better place to live [J]. Planning,1995,. 61(9): 26-2
[8] William Siembieda. Human Settltments and Planning for Ecological Sustainability. Journal for American Planning Association,1999
[9] Greenberg, Michael. There goes the neighbor [J]. Planning. 1996,62(2): 18-21.
[10]王如松.系统化、自然化、经济化、人性化-城市人居环境规划的生态转型[J].城市环境与城市生态, 2001(3): 1-5
[11]王如松.高效、和谐——城市生态调控原则与方法[M].湖南教育出版社, 1988
[12]宁越敏,查志强.大都市人居环境评价与优化研究——以上海市为例[J].城市规划, 1999(6 ): 15-20
[13]李雪铭等.人居环境:地理学研究面临的一个新课题[J].地理学与国土研究, 2000 (2): 75-78
[14]李王鸣等.中外人居环境理论与实践发展述评[J].浙江大学学报(理学版), 2000(2): 205-210
[15]吴志强,尉芳.可持续发展中国人居环境评价体系[M].科学出版社, 2004
[16]刘颂,刘滨谊.城市人居环境可持续发展评价指标体系研究[J].城市规划汇刊, 1999 (5): 35-37
[17]李王鸣等.城市人居环境评价——以杭州城市为例[J].经济地理, 1999(2): 38-42
[18]徐瑞祥等.南京市区人居环境质量评价研究[J].现代城市研究, 2003 (2) 77-81
[19]龙腾智,张智.居住区环境质量综合评价体系研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报, 2002, 24(6): 35-38
[20]吴硕贤,李劲鹏.居住区生活与环境质量综合评价[J].华南理工大学学报, 2000, 28(6): 7- 2
[21] Critina Milesi, Christopher D Elvidge, Rammakrishna R Nemani, Steven W Running. Assessing the environmental impacts of human settlements using satellite data[J]. Management of Environmental Quality,2003
[22]宋永昌等.城市生态学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社. 2000
[23]梅安新等.应用遥感技术研究浦东新区环境综合评价[J].上海建设科技, 1996(2): 41-42
[24]程承旗,李启青,沙志友等.城市居住单元环境质量的高分辨率遥感评价方法研究[J].地球科学进展, 2006(1): 24-30
[25]吴良镛.关于人居环境科学[J].城市发展研究, 1996(1): 1-5
[26]吴良镛.人居环境科学的探索[J].规划师, 2001(6): 5-9
[27]吴良镛.人居环境的理论还需要发展[J].中国城市报道, 2004(3): 13
[28]沈益人.世纪之交的居住环境初探[J].城市开发, 1999(2):27-28
[29]张科强,闫杰.把握环境内涵创造高质量居住环境[J].陕西工学院学报.2000(3): 44-49
[30]胡永宏.综合评价方法[M].科学出版社, 2000
[31]李玉琳,高志刚,韩延玲.模糊综合评价中权值确定和合成算子选择[J].计算机工程与应用, 2006(23) : 38-44
[32]赵焕臣.层次分析法[M].科学出版社
[33]常庆瑞,蒋平安,周勇等.遥感技术导论[M].科学出版社,2004
[34]黄震.上海市居住区环境保护的对策研究[J].上海环境科学, 1998,17 (11): 23-24, 27
[35]华虹.城市旧居住区的环境质量评价[J].监测与评价, 1999(6): 26-28
[36]何华伟,郭仕德,林旭东等.厦门典型居住区环境质量高分辨率遥感评价[J]: 2005. 12(6): 64-66
[37] C. Bockstaller, P. Girardin. How to validate environmental indicators. Agricultural Systems[J] 76(2). 2003(5): 639-653
[38]查勇.测定城市建筑容积率的遥感方法研究[J].地理科学进展, 2001, 20(4):378-383
[39]张秀志.由居住需求决定小区功能结构的分析[J].住宅科技, 2003(6): 6-8
[40]梁永基,王莲清主编.居住区园林绿地设计[M].中国林业出版社, 2001(5)
[41]郑正,扈媛.从住区的可持续发展看我国城市住宅面积标准和小汽车进入家庭[J].城市规划汇刊, 1998(2): 43-44
[42] R. Nevatia,C. Lin and A. Huertas. A System for Building Detection from Aerial Images. in Processings,Automatic Extraction of Man-Made Objects from Aerial and Space Images(Ⅱ),Birkhauser,Basel,Switzer-lan. 1997: 77-86
[43] Philip T. Giles. Remote Sensing and Cast Shadows in Mountainous Terrain , Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing , 2001 , 67(7) :833～839.
[44] J. Canny. A computational Approach to Edge Detection. IEEE Trans[J]. Pattent Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 1986,June,8(6): 679-698
[45] S. Noronha and R. Nevatia,Detection and Description of Buildings from Multiple Aerial Images. Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recongnition. 1997: 588-594
[46] Victor J. D. Tsai,A comparative study on shadow compensation of color aerial images in invariant color models. IEEE transaction on geoscience and remote sensing,2006,44(6): 661-1671.
[47] R. Smith,Color gamut transform pairs,Proc. SIGRAPH, 1978, vol. 3(ACM), Atalanta,GA,Aug. 23–25: 12-19
[48] Bruceirvin B, Mckeown D M. Methods for Exploring the Relationship Between Buildings and Their Shadows in Aerial Imagery[J]. IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. 1989, 19(16): 1564～1575
[49] Mohamad Akra,Louay Bazzi, and Sanjoy Mitter,Fellow,IEEE. Sampling of images for efficient model-based vision[J].IEEE Transtions on Pattern Analysis and Machine intelligence,1999,21(1)
[50] Hirokazu Yamamoto, Koji Kajiwara, etc. The study on biomass estimation in Mongolian Grassland using satellite data and field measurement data , GIS develepoment, ARCS2000
[51]黄慧萍,吴炳方,李苗苗等.高分辨率影像城市绿地快速提取技术与应用[J].遥感学报, 2004(1)