徐家围子火山岩储层特征及渗流规律研究
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摘要
徐家围子深层特殊岩性气藏(主要指火山岩气藏)具有渗透性差异大、非均质性严重、气水分布复杂、孔隙结构复杂、岩石类型特殊繁多、岩性复杂等特点,具有全然不同于常规气藏开发的特殊性和困难性。当今国内外已经发现的火山岩气藏数量有限,还没有形成可以借鉴的方法和经验。因此,进一步认识火山岩气藏,开展气井产能与储层动态研究非常必要,也为今后徐家围子火山岩气藏的动态预测提供充足的技术依据,为加快气藏投产速度,正确编制开发方案,科学开发气藏奠定良好的基础。
本文从火山岩的储层特征,包括岩石类型、岩相类型及储集空间类型来研究徐家围子火山岩储层的静态地质特征。在此基础上,研究火山岩储层有效孔隙度和有效渗透率的计算公式并得到相应的值。又由于火山岩储层的特殊性,从渗流力学理论出发,分别研究了均质地层,双重介质地层,具有压裂裂痕的地层,复合地层等各种类型储层下的气体渗流特征。推导出相应的渗流方程及绘出相应的典型图版。然后对徐家围子地区一部分气井的试采、试气资料进行了试井解释,确定其流体的渗透特征,建立储层动态模型。以此使我们对徐家围子深层特殊岩性气藏有了相对全面而深入的了解,形成了对徐家围子深层特殊岩性气藏相对行之有效的产能评价方法。
Xujiaweizi deep special lithology gas reservoir(most is volcanic gas reservoir) is typical of big difference of permeability, severity inhomogeneity, complexity distribution of gas/water, pore structure complexity, rock type peculiar, lithology complexity, so we can conclude that it has special characteristic and difficulty in production quite different from normal gas reservoir. Nowadays, the number of volcanic gas reservoir witch has been found in the world is numbered, can not come into being some method and experience used for reference, so we must know volcanic gas reservoir more, develop gas well productivity and performance description of the reservoir research, also offer performance prediction of Xujiaweizi volcanic gas reservoir abundance technical foundation and sort the favorable development, which establish excellent foundation for the expedition of production, and the wise adoption of development project.
According to the characteristics of volcanic reservoir, including the types of rocks and lithofacies, reservoir space, this paper studies static geological features of the volcanic reservoir in Xujiaweizi. On this basis, we have studied the formulas for calculating effective porosity and permeability of the volcanic reservoir, and have got the corresponding dates of effective porosity and effective permeability. Moreover, because of the specificity of volcanic reservoir, we have studied the characteristics of gas seepaging in the reservoir under a variety of circumstances, such as the homogeneous strata, the double dielectric formations and the formations with fracturing cracks, complex formations on the basis of the theory of fluid flowing through porous media, furthermore deduced the corresponding flowing equation and drawed the typically corresponding plate. then the testing interpretation were given according to the testing dates of some gas wells in Xujiaweizi region, and the characteristics of fluid infiltration were determined, the dynamic model of reservoir were set up. In the terms of the above research, This makes us have a relatively comprehensive and in-depth understanding to the deeply special lithologic gas reservoir in Xujiaweizi, and find out the effective method to evaluate the productive capability of it.
本文从火山岩的储层特征,包括岩石类型、岩相类型及储集空间类型来研究徐家围子火山岩储层的静态地质特征。在此基础上,研究火山岩储层有效孔隙度和有效渗透率的计算公式并得到相应的值。又由于火山岩储层的特殊性,从渗流力学理论出发,分别研究了均质地层,双重介质地层,具有压裂裂痕的地层,复合地层等各种类型储层下的气体渗流特征。推导出相应的渗流方程及绘出相应的典型图版。然后对徐家围子地区一部分气井的试采、试气资料进行了试井解释,确定其流体的渗透特征,建立储层动态模型。以此使我们对徐家围子深层特殊岩性气藏有了相对全面而深入的了解,形成了对徐家围子深层特殊岩性气藏相对行之有效的产能评价方法。
Xujiaweizi deep special lithology gas reservoir(most is volcanic gas reservoir) is typical of big difference of permeability, severity inhomogeneity, complexity distribution of gas/water, pore structure complexity, rock type peculiar, lithology complexity, so we can conclude that it has special characteristic and difficulty in production quite different from normal gas reservoir. Nowadays, the number of volcanic gas reservoir witch has been found in the world is numbered, can not come into being some method and experience used for reference, so we must know volcanic gas reservoir more, develop gas well productivity and performance description of the reservoir research, also offer performance prediction of Xujiaweizi volcanic gas reservoir abundance technical foundation and sort the favorable development, which establish excellent foundation for the expedition of production, and the wise adoption of development project.
According to the characteristics of volcanic reservoir, including the types of rocks and lithofacies, reservoir space, this paper studies static geological features of the volcanic reservoir in Xujiaweizi. On this basis, we have studied the formulas for calculating effective porosity and permeability of the volcanic reservoir, and have got the corresponding dates of effective porosity and effective permeability. Moreover, because of the specificity of volcanic reservoir, we have studied the characteristics of gas seepaging in the reservoir under a variety of circumstances, such as the homogeneous strata, the double dielectric formations and the formations with fracturing cracks, complex formations on the basis of the theory of fluid flowing through porous media, furthermore deduced the corresponding flowing equation and drawed the typically corresponding plate. then the testing interpretation were given according to the testing dates of some gas wells in Xujiaweizi region, and the characteristics of fluid infiltration were determined, the dynamic model of reservoir were set up. In the terms of the above research, This makes us have a relatively comprehensive and in-depth understanding to the deeply special lithologic gas reservoir in Xujiaweizi, and find out the effective method to evaluate the productive capability of it.
引文
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[36] Hollaender, F, Hammond P. and Gringarten, A. C.: Harmonic Testing for continuous Well and Reservoir monitoring[J], paper SPE 77692 (Sept 2002).
[37] Hollaender, F., Filas, J. G., Curtis, O. B. and Gringarten, A. C.: Use of Downhole Production/Reinjection for Zero-Emission Well Testing[J]: Challenges and Rewards, paper SPE 77620 (Sept 2002).
[30]李元觉,徐文,唐乐平.长庆气田开发方案优化设计[J].天然气工业,1998,18(5):45～49.
[39]张子枢,胡邦辉.国内外火山岩油气藏研究现状及勘探技术调研[J].天然气勘探与开发,1994,13(1):12～15.
[40]伊培荣,彭峰,韩芸编译.国外火山岩油气藏特征及勘探方法[J].特种油气藏,1998,5(2):15～28.
[41]罗群,刘卫付,郑德山.深层火山岩油气藏的储量计算[J].上海地质,2007,22(3):196～199.
[42] Alexander, L.G.: Theory and Practice of Closed-Chamber Drill-Stem test method[M], paper SPE6024 (December 1977).
[2] Rosa, A.J. and Horne, R.N. Reservoir description by well test analysis using cyclic flow rate variation[J], SPE22698.
[3]杨懋新.松辽盆地断陷期火山岩的形成及成岩条件[J] .大庆石油地质与开发,2002,21(5):15～18.
[4]宿大海,王升永.兴城气田深层天然气勘探钻遇火山岩特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,1:1～3.
[5] [美]约翰.李.试井.北京:石油工业部第一届试井工作会议[J],1984,21～32.
[6]加拿大国家能源保护委员会著.气井试井理论与实践[M].童宪章等译.第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1988,1～42.
[7]赵碧华主编.油气层渗流[M].南充:西南石油学院油藏工程教研室,1991,35～51.
[8]孔样言编著.高等渗流力学[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1999,294～347.
[9] Mitsuo Ukai Tadami Katahira等著.火山岩储集层及其开发特征[M].叶晓东译.译自《美国石油会议论文集》,1983,7～16.
[10]赵澄林,陈丽华,涂强.中国天然气储层[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1997,5～9.
[11]王鸣华主编.气藏工程[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1997,23～42.
[12]史乃光.油气井测试[M].第一版.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991,121～134.
[13]刘能强编著.实用现代试井解释方法[M].第四版.北京:石油工业出版社,2003,13～166.
[14]庄惠农著.气藏动态描述和试井[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,2004,1～15.
[15]《中国油气井测试资料解释范例》编写组编.中国油气井测试资料解释范例[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1994,12～98.
[16]李笑萍,张大为著.数理方法与试井数学模型[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1993,1～30.
[17]《数学手册》编写组.数学手册[M].第一版.北京:人民教育出版社,1999,54～62.
[18]李跃刚.指数式产能方程预测气井产能偏大的因素分析[J].第一版.试采技术,1993,5～36.
[19] Roland N. Horne, Modern Well Test Analysis[J], 1990.
[20] T.Katahira等著.日本火山岩储集层油田(摘要) [J].张维亚译.第一版.译自《美国地质家协会论文集》第25期,1976.5～31.
[21]孟慕尧,李海平主编.国外天然气开发文集[M].第一版.中国石油天然气总公司开发生产局、信息研究所,1996,32～54.
[22]陈元千.油气藏工程方法[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1990,32～65.
[23]曾凡华.气井产能分析方法研究[J].硕士学位论文.成都:西南石油学院,2002,42～85.
[24]曾凡华.黄炳光.王怒涛.谭中国.用不稳定测试资料确定均质气藏气井产能[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,18(5):41～44.
[25]刘未来.苏一潜山气藏气井产能分析方法[J].工程硕士学位论文.成都:西南石油学院,2002,56～68.
[26]黄炳光等.实用气藏工程与动态分析方法[M].第一版.南充:西南石油学院,1997,1～68.
[27]陈元千.油气藏工程计算方法[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1990,32～45.
[28]《气藏和气井动态分析及计算程序》编写组编著.气藏和气井动态分析及计算程序[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1996,16～65.
[29]李海平.气藏动态分析实例[M] .第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,2001,5～8.
[30]李治平,邬云龙,青永固.气藏动态分析与预测方法[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,2002,32～45.
[31] Oliver D. S. Estimation of radial permeabililty distribution from well-test data[J]. SPE Formation Evaluation, 1992, 7(4):290～296
[32]赫玉鸿,王方元.地层压力下降对气井产能方程及无阻流量的影响分析[J].天然气工业,2000,20(1):54～56.
[33]杨继盛,刘建仪.采气实用计算[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1994,6～59.
[34]杨通佑,范尚炯,陈元千,吴奇之.石油及天然气储量计算方法[M] .第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1990,1～80.
[35]杨通佑,范尚炯,陈元千,胡允栋,吴奇之.石油及天然气储量计算方法[M].第二版.北京:石油工业出版社,1998,21～53.
[36] Hollaender, F, Hammond P. and Gringarten, A. C.: Harmonic Testing for continuous Well and Reservoir monitoring[J], paper SPE 77692 (Sept 2002).
[37] Hollaender, F., Filas, J. G., Curtis, O. B. and Gringarten, A. C.: Use of Downhole Production/Reinjection for Zero-Emission Well Testing[J]: Challenges and Rewards, paper SPE 77620 (Sept 2002).
[30]李元觉,徐文,唐乐平.长庆气田开发方案优化设计[J].天然气工业,1998,18(5):45～49.
[39]张子枢,胡邦辉.国内外火山岩油气藏研究现状及勘探技术调研[J].天然气勘探与开发,1994,13(1):12～15.
[40]伊培荣,彭峰,韩芸编译.国外火山岩油气藏特征及勘探方法[J].特种油气藏,1998,5(2):15～28.
[41]罗群,刘卫付,郑德山.深层火山岩油气藏的储量计算[J].上海地质,2007,22(3):196～199.
[42] Alexander, L.G.: Theory and Practice of Closed-Chamber Drill-Stem test method[M], paper SPE6024 (December 1977).