濒危植物桃儿七（Sinopodophyllum hexandrum（Royle）Ying）的遗传多样性研究
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摘要
桃儿七(Sinopodophyllum hexandrum(Royle)Ying；分类学上的同种异名有S. emodi(Wall)Ying，Podophyllum hexandrum Royle，P. emodi Wall；又名西藏鬼臼)是小檗科桃儿七属多年生草本植物，也是一种珍稀濒危药用植物。桃儿七主要生长在喜马拉雅及临近地区，分布于尼泊尔、不丹、印度、巴基斯坦、阿富汗与中国。在中国，主要分布在海拔2700到4500米的中国西南的两减、四川、云南，其他的省(自治区)如陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏以及湖北亦有分布。据我们调查，桃儿七在四川省主要分布于阿坝州、甘孜州以及凉山州(仅木里县)等地。桃儿七是一种传统的民间药用植物，其根和根茎中的主要成分之一鬼臼毒素(podophyllotoxin)是人工合成的抗癌药物(VP_(16)，依托泊苷；VM_(26)，特尼泊苷)的前体。近年来由于人类砍伐等干扰活动加剧，桃儿七生境受到破坏，加上根茎可入药，采挖过量，致使种群数量迅速减少，已被国家列为三级保护植物。因此很有必要进行桃儿七保护遗传学研究，探讨它的濒危机制。
濒危物种保护遗传学的首要目标是评价遗传多样性水平和结构分布。有关桃儿七遗传多样性的研究，先前的工作主要集中在细胞学方面。本研究从DNA
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying (syn, S. emodi (Wall) Ying. Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, P. emodi Wall), commonly called Himalayan Mayapple, is an endangered perennial herb belonging to the family Berberidaceae. S. hexandrum mainly grows the Himalaya and neighboring region, and is distributed in China, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan. In China, S. hexandrum mainly grows wild in the southwestern plateau (Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province and Tibet Autonomous Region) at elevations of 2700 to 4500 m and in other provinces such as Shanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Autonomous Region and Hubei Province. Based on our informations, S. hexandrum mainly grows the Western Sichuan Province (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Autonomous Prefecture and Muli county of Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture). S. hexandrum was used in traditional medicine by the local people and then recognized for its anti-cancer properties. The rhizomes and roots of S. hexandrum contain an anti-tumor lignan (podophyllotoxin), being most important for its use in the semisynthesis of the anti-cancer drugs (etoposide. VP_(16). and teniposide, VM_(26)). Recently, the number of
濒危物种保护遗传学的首要目标是评价遗传多样性水平和结构分布。有关桃儿七遗传多样性的研究，先前的工作主要集中在细胞学方面。本研究从DNA
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying (syn, S. emodi (Wall) Ying. Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, P. emodi Wall), commonly called Himalayan Mayapple, is an endangered perennial herb belonging to the family Berberidaceae. S. hexandrum mainly grows the Himalaya and neighboring region, and is distributed in China, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan. In China, S. hexandrum mainly grows wild in the southwestern plateau (Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province and Tibet Autonomous Region) at elevations of 2700 to 4500 m and in other provinces such as Shanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Autonomous Region and Hubei Province. Based on our informations, S. hexandrum mainly grows the Western Sichuan Province (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Autonomous Prefecture and Muli county of Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture). S. hexandrum was used in traditional medicine by the local people and then recognized for its anti-cancer properties. The rhizomes and roots of S. hexandrum contain an anti-tumor lignan (podophyllotoxin), being most important for its use in the semisynthesis of the anti-cancer drugs (etoposide. VP_(16). and teniposide, VM_(26)). Recently, the number of
引文
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