基于DICOM标准的医学图像查询与获取技术研究与实现
摘要
随着网络技术、计算机技术和通信技术的迅速发展,医疗数字化渐成趋势,PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication Systems)医学图像的存档和通讯系统也逐步普及。由于PACS需要与医院的影像设备连接,所以必须有统一的通讯标准来保证不同厂家的影像设备能够互连,为此,ACR(American college of radiology)和NEMA(National electrical manufacturers association)共同制定了DICOM[1](Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)医学数字图像通信标准。
DICOM标准,是医学图像信息系统领域的核心标准,它为医学图像及其它数字信息在各种医疗设备之间的传送定义了统一的规范,可直接应用在放射学信息系统(RIS)和图像存档与通信系统(PACS)中。目前,全球绝大多数医学影像制造厂商都承诺采用这一标准,并提供符合DICOM 3.0的数字通讯接口。全面遵从DICOM标准已成为PACS系统的基本要求和规范。
论文从信息结构和通信协议两方面深入和全面地解析了DICOM3.0标准,对DICOM通信过程和协议中关键的通信服务类(存储服务类C-STORE、查询服务类C-FIND、获取服务类C-MOVE等)的实现进行详细分析;以VC 2005为开发平台,结合开源工具包DCMTK (DICOM TOOL KIT),编写符合DICOM标准的相关应用程序来实现了医学图像查询/获取功能,并利用专业测试软件JDICOM对该程序进行测试,测试结果显示所实现功能符合DICOM标准。
论文基于DICOM标准的相关协议,实现DICOM医学图像的远程查询及获取功能,使在局域网范围内的诊断医生、患者和其他信息交流者能方便地访问DICOM医学图像信息,实现了信息共享。
Along with fast development of network、computer and communication technology , Medical digital has become gradually a trend, PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) are in widespread use. However, PACS need to connect all the video equipment in hospital, there must be a universal communications standards to ensure that different imaging equipments of manufacturers can interconnect, for which, ACR(National electrical manufacturers association) and NEMA(National electrical manufacturers association) jointly developed DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)standard.
DICOM standard, the core of medical image information system field, defined a unified specification for transferred between Medical images and other digital information via various medical devices. DICOM standard can be directly applied to radiology information systems (RIS) and picture archiving and communications systems (PACS). Now, most medical imaging manufacturers have pledged to adopt the DICOM standard, and to provide DICOM 3.0 data communication interface. Full compliance with the DICOM standard has become the basic requirements and norms of PACS systems.
The paper has a detailed analysis of the DICOM 3.0 standard from two aspects: the information structure and communication protocol. then , It has a deep research in implementation of the key services class (Storage Service Class C-STORE, Query service class C-FIND, Retrieve service class C-MOVE, etc.); Compiled application program related to DICOM standards by VC2005 and open-source toolkit DCMTK (DICOM TOOL KIT) to achieve the medical image query / retrieve function and use professional testing procedures JDICOM to test the software, test results indicate that the realization of functions in accordance with DICOM standards.
The paper implements DICOM storage services, and query/retrieve services, and make doctors、patients and other information exchangers within the LAN are able to easily access the DICOM medical image information , realized information resource sharing.
DICOM标准,是医学图像信息系统领域的核心标准,它为医学图像及其它数字信息在各种医疗设备之间的传送定义了统一的规范,可直接应用在放射学信息系统(RIS)和图像存档与通信系统(PACS)中。目前,全球绝大多数医学影像制造厂商都承诺采用这一标准,并提供符合DICOM 3.0的数字通讯接口。全面遵从DICOM标准已成为PACS系统的基本要求和规范。
论文从信息结构和通信协议两方面深入和全面地解析了DICOM3.0标准,对DICOM通信过程和协议中关键的通信服务类(存储服务类C-STORE、查询服务类C-FIND、获取服务类C-MOVE等)的实现进行详细分析;以VC 2005为开发平台,结合开源工具包DCMTK (DICOM TOOL KIT),编写符合DICOM标准的相关应用程序来实现了医学图像查询/获取功能,并利用专业测试软件JDICOM对该程序进行测试,测试结果显示所实现功能符合DICOM标准。
论文基于DICOM标准的相关协议,实现DICOM医学图像的远程查询及获取功能,使在局域网范围内的诊断医生、患者和其他信息交流者能方便地访问DICOM医学图像信息,实现了信息共享。
Along with fast development of network、computer and communication technology , Medical digital has become gradually a trend, PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) are in widespread use. However, PACS need to connect all the video equipment in hospital, there must be a universal communications standards to ensure that different imaging equipments of manufacturers can interconnect, for which, ACR(National electrical manufacturers association) and NEMA(National electrical manufacturers association) jointly developed DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)standard.
DICOM standard, the core of medical image information system field, defined a unified specification for transferred between Medical images and other digital information via various medical devices. DICOM standard can be directly applied to radiology information systems (RIS) and picture archiving and communications systems (PACS). Now, most medical imaging manufacturers have pledged to adopt the DICOM standard, and to provide DICOM 3.0 data communication interface. Full compliance with the DICOM standard has become the basic requirements and norms of PACS systems.
The paper has a detailed analysis of the DICOM 3.0 standard from two aspects: the information structure and communication protocol. then , It has a deep research in implementation of the key services class (Storage Service Class C-STORE, Query service class C-FIND, Retrieve service class C-MOVE, etc.); Compiled application program related to DICOM standards by VC2005 and open-source toolkit DCMTK (DICOM TOOL KIT) to achieve the medical image query / retrieve function and use professional testing procedures JDICOM to test the software, test results indicate that the realization of functions in accordance with DICOM standards.
The paper implements DICOM storage services, and query/retrieve services, and make doctors、patients and other information exchangers within the LAN are able to easily access the DICOM medical image information , realized information resource sharing.
引文
[1] NEMA. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM)[Z]. USA:ACR- NEMA standard publication, 2007:PS3.1-PS3.7.
[2]钟金宏,李兴国.医学影像建档与通信传输系统综述[J] .计算机工程与应用, 2003,39(14):22-24.
[3]赵广江,石洁.浅谈医学影像信息系统的发展趋势[J] .新疆医学,2006,36 (3):172-173.
[4] M.Tsiknakis, D.Katehakis, S.Orphanoudakis. Intelligent Image Management in a Distributed PACS and Telemedicine Environment[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 1996, 34(7):36-45.
[5]辜丽川.PACS控制器及其网关的研究与设计[D] .合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[6]刘沛先.军队医院PACS系统建设优化的研究[D] .长春:吉林大学,2005.
[7] Steve Langer. Issues Surrounding PACS Archiving to External[J]. Journal of Digtial Imaging,2009,22(1):48-52.
[8]樊庆福.国内外PACS现状及发展趋势[J].上海生物医学工程,2004,25(3):44-47.
[9]高红旗.国外医院管理与我国医院改革思考[J].医院管理与建设,2003,16(5):492-493.
[10]吴荣状,欧阳林,王永仁,等.国内医院PACS建设概况[J] .医疗卫生装备,2005,26(11):37-38.
[11]边继东.基于Linux的PACS服务器和网关研究[D] .浙江:浙江大学,2002.
[12]康晓东.企业基于DICOM标准的医学影像设备及应用研究[D] .天津:天津大学,2004.
[13]赵越,韩滢,王之琼.DICOM技术在PACS系统中的应用综述[J] .中国数字医学,2009,(2):57-59.
[14]范义东.未来医疗发展趋势——数字化医疗[J] .中国数字医学,2008,3(5):29-31.
[15] Charles Parisot. The DICOM standard-A break through for digital information exchange incardiology[J]. International Journal of Cardiac Image, 1995, 11 (3):171-177.
[16]张凯,吕扬生.DICOM标准及应用[C] .世界医疗机械.2001,7(5):58-61.
[17]周绿漪.放射医学图像标准研究与基于LEADTOOLS的医学图像处理[D] .成都:电子科技大学,2001.
[18]黄爱明.医学图像DICOM格式与通用图像格式之间的相互转换[D] .成都:四川大学,2006.
[19]吴昊.远程医疗会诊中通信技术的研究与应用[D] .长春:长春理工大学,2008.
[20]李泉.医学影像资源共享及远程会诊系统构建[D] .成都:电子科技大学,2007.
[21]肖红.医学图像的格式转换与分析处理[D] .北京:北京交通大学,2008.
[22]吕思诺.集成医疗信息平台IHE的开发研究[D] .济南:山东大学,2005.
[23]梁洪.基于内容的医学图像检索技术研究[D] .哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[24]邵虹.基于内容的医学图像检索关键技术研究[D] .沈阳:东北大学,2005 .
[25]谢天文.基于内容的医学图像检索[D] .上海:复旦大学,2009.
[26] Peter M.Kuzmak, Ruth E.Dayhoff. The Use of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM) in the Integration of Imaging into the Electronic Patient Record at Department of Veterans Affairs[J]. Journal of Digtial Imaging, 2000, 13(2):133-137.
[27] Douglas M.Tucker, Charles T.Suitor, etc. A Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM) Print Service for Chest Imaging[J]. Journal of Digtial Imaging, 1997, 10 (3):120-125.
[28]吕晓琪,刘建勋,赵建峰.基于Windows平台的DICOM医学影像显示技术研究[J] .中国生物医学工程学报,2006,25(4):417-420.
[29]师为礼,宋野,颜雁.基于DICOM3.0标准的医学图像传输的研究与实现[J] .长春理工大学学报,2008,31(1):121-123.
[30]刘大刚.用DICOM协议实现医疗成像设备间的相互通讯[D] .成都:电子科技大学,2003.
[31]吕晓琪,黄睿芳.基于IHE的放射科影响系统架构研究[J] .内蒙古科技大学学报,2008,(2):57-62.
[32]赵建峰.基于Worklist的医疗信息系统的集成[D] .包头:内蒙古科技大学,2007.
[33]熊川,何青,刘萍.DICOM标准信息交换的高速实现[J].医院数字化,2009,24(3):34-35.
[34] Carlos Costa, Filipe Freitas, etc. Indexing and retrieveing DICOM data in disperse and unstructured archives[J]. Int CARS, 2009, 4:71-77.
[35] B.Ramakrishnan, N.Sriraam. Internet transmission of DICOM images with effective low bandwidth utilization [J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2006, 16:825-831.
[36] J.Montagnat, F.Bellet, etc. Medical images simulation,storage,and processing on the European Data Grid testbed [Z]. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
[37]张凯,吕扬生.DICOM标准中的点对点通信接口标准及实现[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2003,27(2):95-99.
[38]侯庆锋,王鹏程,等.DICOM图像网络传输处理的初步研究[J].医学影像学杂志,2007,17(12):1349-1350.
[39]赵德杰,田裕鹏.DICOM网络通信模型的设计与实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2006,34(4):126-131.
[40]蔡光东.构建基于标准化医疗信息共享平台的远程诊断会诊系统[J].福建中医学院学报,2007,17(1):56-59.
[41]王岩,田捷,韩博闻.基于DICOM标准的医疗数据通信设计[J].微型机与应用,2001,(2):38-41.
[42]孙浩,刘开华,苏育挺.基于DICOM标准医学图像通信模型[J].电子测量技术,2004,(1):37-38.
[43]胡海波,庄天戈.DICOM标准医学图像通信软件平台的研制[J] .中国医疗器械杂志,2006,30(4):276-279.
[44]王敏.基于DICOM标准的医学图像通信过程的实现[D] .西安:西安电子科技大学,2007.
[45]张晓琼.DICOM标准查询/找回功能模块的设计与实现[D] .西安:西安电子科技大学,2006.
[46]何艳敏.基于DICOM标准的医学图像通信与处理[D] .西安:西安电子科技大学,2004.
[47]董义兵,刘鹏,晁爱农.DICOM查询/获取信息模型的研究及关系数据库实现[J] .中国医学装备,2006,3(12):39-44.
[48]何艳敏.基于DICOM标准的医学图像快速查询检索[J] .微计算机信息,2007,23(12-3):280-282.
[49]辜丽川,朱诚,张友华.DICOM查询/检索服务类SCP的设计与实现[J] .计算机系统应用,2009,18(5):100-102.
[50]王晓楠.DICOM通信的设计与实现[J] .计算机工程与应用,2004,40(13):131-132.
[51]吕晓琪,刘溢淳.DICOM网络通信协议分析以及基于DCMTK的储存服务类的实现[J] .内蒙古科技大学学报,2009,28(3):221-225.
[52]胡宝梅,朱俊等.基于DICOM医学图像的传输和查询系统的设计[J] .中国医学物理学杂志,2009,26(2):1080-1083.
[53] Institute OFFIS. OFFIS DCMTK Documentation V3.54[M]. 2005
[54]刘溢淳.DICOM网络通信协议分析及图像存储功能的实现[D] .包头:内蒙古科技大学,2009.
[2]钟金宏,李兴国.医学影像建档与通信传输系统综述[J] .计算机工程与应用, 2003,39(14):22-24.
[3]赵广江,石洁.浅谈医学影像信息系统的发展趋势[J] .新疆医学,2006,36 (3):172-173.
[4] M.Tsiknakis, D.Katehakis, S.Orphanoudakis. Intelligent Image Management in a Distributed PACS and Telemedicine Environment[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 1996, 34(7):36-45.
[5]辜丽川.PACS控制器及其网关的研究与设计[D] .合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[6]刘沛先.军队医院PACS系统建设优化的研究[D] .长春:吉林大学,2005.
[7] Steve Langer. Issues Surrounding PACS Archiving to External[J]. Journal of Digtial Imaging,2009,22(1):48-52.
[8]樊庆福.国内外PACS现状及发展趋势[J].上海生物医学工程,2004,25(3):44-47.
[9]高红旗.国外医院管理与我国医院改革思考[J].医院管理与建设,2003,16(5):492-493.
[10]吴荣状,欧阳林,王永仁,等.国内医院PACS建设概况[J] .医疗卫生装备,2005,26(11):37-38.
[11]边继东.基于Linux的PACS服务器和网关研究[D] .浙江:浙江大学,2002.
[12]康晓东.企业基于DICOM标准的医学影像设备及应用研究[D] .天津:天津大学,2004.
[13]赵越,韩滢,王之琼.DICOM技术在PACS系统中的应用综述[J] .中国数字医学,2009,(2):57-59.
[14]范义东.未来医疗发展趋势——数字化医疗[J] .中国数字医学,2008,3(5):29-31.
[15] Charles Parisot. The DICOM standard-A break through for digital information exchange incardiology[J]. International Journal of Cardiac Image, 1995, 11 (3):171-177.
[16]张凯,吕扬生.DICOM标准及应用[C] .世界医疗机械.2001,7(5):58-61.
[17]周绿漪.放射医学图像标准研究与基于LEADTOOLS的医学图像处理[D] .成都:电子科技大学,2001.
[18]黄爱明.医学图像DICOM格式与通用图像格式之间的相互转换[D] .成都:四川大学,2006.
[19]吴昊.远程医疗会诊中通信技术的研究与应用[D] .长春:长春理工大学,2008.
[20]李泉.医学影像资源共享及远程会诊系统构建[D] .成都:电子科技大学,2007.
[21]肖红.医学图像的格式转换与分析处理[D] .北京:北京交通大学,2008.
[22]吕思诺.集成医疗信息平台IHE的开发研究[D] .济南:山东大学,2005.
[23]梁洪.基于内容的医学图像检索技术研究[D] .哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[24]邵虹.基于内容的医学图像检索关键技术研究[D] .沈阳:东北大学,2005 .
[25]谢天文.基于内容的医学图像检索[D] .上海:复旦大学,2009.
[26] Peter M.Kuzmak, Ruth E.Dayhoff. The Use of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM) in the Integration of Imaging into the Electronic Patient Record at Department of Veterans Affairs[J]. Journal of Digtial Imaging, 2000, 13(2):133-137.
[27] Douglas M.Tucker, Charles T.Suitor, etc. A Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM) Print Service for Chest Imaging[J]. Journal of Digtial Imaging, 1997, 10 (3):120-125.
[28]吕晓琪,刘建勋,赵建峰.基于Windows平台的DICOM医学影像显示技术研究[J] .中国生物医学工程学报,2006,25(4):417-420.
[29]师为礼,宋野,颜雁.基于DICOM3.0标准的医学图像传输的研究与实现[J] .长春理工大学学报,2008,31(1):121-123.
[30]刘大刚.用DICOM协议实现医疗成像设备间的相互通讯[D] .成都:电子科技大学,2003.
[31]吕晓琪,黄睿芳.基于IHE的放射科影响系统架构研究[J] .内蒙古科技大学学报,2008,(2):57-62.
[32]赵建峰.基于Worklist的医疗信息系统的集成[D] .包头:内蒙古科技大学,2007.
[33]熊川,何青,刘萍.DICOM标准信息交换的高速实现[J].医院数字化,2009,24(3):34-35.
[34] Carlos Costa, Filipe Freitas, etc. Indexing and retrieveing DICOM data in disperse and unstructured archives[J]. Int CARS, 2009, 4:71-77.
[35] B.Ramakrishnan, N.Sriraam. Internet transmission of DICOM images with effective low bandwidth utilization [J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2006, 16:825-831.
[36] J.Montagnat, F.Bellet, etc. Medical images simulation,storage,and processing on the European Data Grid testbed [Z]. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
[37]张凯,吕扬生.DICOM标准中的点对点通信接口标准及实现[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2003,27(2):95-99.
[38]侯庆锋,王鹏程,等.DICOM图像网络传输处理的初步研究[J].医学影像学杂志,2007,17(12):1349-1350.
[39]赵德杰,田裕鹏.DICOM网络通信模型的设计与实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2006,34(4):126-131.
[40]蔡光东.构建基于标准化医疗信息共享平台的远程诊断会诊系统[J].福建中医学院学报,2007,17(1):56-59.
[41]王岩,田捷,韩博闻.基于DICOM标准的医疗数据通信设计[J].微型机与应用,2001,(2):38-41.
[42]孙浩,刘开华,苏育挺.基于DICOM标准医学图像通信模型[J].电子测量技术,2004,(1):37-38.
[43]胡海波,庄天戈.DICOM标准医学图像通信软件平台的研制[J] .中国医疗器械杂志,2006,30(4):276-279.
[44]王敏.基于DICOM标准的医学图像通信过程的实现[D] .西安:西安电子科技大学,2007.
[45]张晓琼.DICOM标准查询/找回功能模块的设计与实现[D] .西安:西安电子科技大学,2006.
[46]何艳敏.基于DICOM标准的医学图像通信与处理[D] .西安:西安电子科技大学,2004.
[47]董义兵,刘鹏,晁爱农.DICOM查询/获取信息模型的研究及关系数据库实现[J] .中国医学装备,2006,3(12):39-44.
[48]何艳敏.基于DICOM标准的医学图像快速查询检索[J] .微计算机信息,2007,23(12-3):280-282.
[49]辜丽川,朱诚,张友华.DICOM查询/检索服务类SCP的设计与实现[J] .计算机系统应用,2009,18(5):100-102.
[50]王晓楠.DICOM通信的设计与实现[J] .计算机工程与应用,2004,40(13):131-132.
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