配电系统静止同步补偿器研究
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摘要
动态无功功率补偿是电网节能降耗和改善电能质量的主要措施之一。配网静止同步补偿器(DSTATCOM)作为一种动态无功补偿设备,能够快速连续地补偿负荷无功功率,并具有额定补偿电流不受电网电压影响的特点,是无功补偿设备发展的方向。本文主要研究基于电压源逆变器结构和PWM控制技术的低压系统DSTATCOM的控制技术和参数设计方法。
针对三相平衡无功负载的补偿,对采用间接电流控制的DSTATCOM进行研究。通过对现有DSTATCOM主电路结构的对比分析,选择以三相两电平逆变器为DSTATCOM主电路；建立了数学模型；提出本文的控制策略,用逆系统PI控制方法对输出无功功率和直流侧电压进行控制；仿真结果验证了该DSTATCOM有较好的补偿性能,其动态响应有了较大的提高。
建立了一个基于DSP控制器的7.5kVar DSTATCOM实验系统,介绍了实验装置的硬件组成,并根据前述控制器结构设计了系统控制软件。最后对DSTATCOM的性能进行了测试,实验结果表明,本文所采用的控制策略和设计方法是有效可行的,主电路、控制系统和保护系统的设计是合理正确的.此外还分析了DSTATCOM输出电流谐波产生的原因及其与连接电抗器参数的关系。
Dynamic reactive power compensation is a main measure of reducing network dissipation and improving power quality. DSTATCOM, as dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, can rapidly and continuously compensate reactive power of the load, and has a characteristic that rated compensation current is not related with the network voltage. So DSTATCOM is the developing trend of reactive power compensator. The control technology and the parameter design method of low-voltage DSTATCOM was researched based on the Voltage Source Inverter and PWM control technology.
For compensating reactive power of balanced power system, DSTATCOM using indirect-current control is developed. Through comparing accustomed structures of main circuit, a three-phase twolevel inverter is selected as main circuit. The math model is established. In the paper, inverse-system PI controllers are used to control output of reactive power and voltage on DC side respectively. The result of simulation confirmed that the DSTATCOM have good compensation performance, and its dynamic performance is improved.
An experimental system of 7.5kVar DSTATCOM was developed, and the control system of DSTATCOM was designed based on DSP. Introduce the hardware structure and design of control software for the apparatusand and design of control software for the apparatus. Finally,the performances of DSTATCOM is tested completely,the experimental results indicate that the control strategy and design method used in this paper is effective and feasible, and the design of main circuit, control system and protection system is rational and correct. The relationship of the harmonic content of output current is tested by experimentation.
针对三相平衡无功负载的补偿,对采用间接电流控制的DSTATCOM进行研究。通过对现有DSTATCOM主电路结构的对比分析,选择以三相两电平逆变器为DSTATCOM主电路；建立了数学模型；提出本文的控制策略,用逆系统PI控制方法对输出无功功率和直流侧电压进行控制；仿真结果验证了该DSTATCOM有较好的补偿性能,其动态响应有了较大的提高。
建立了一个基于DSP控制器的7.5kVar DSTATCOM实验系统,介绍了实验装置的硬件组成,并根据前述控制器结构设计了系统控制软件。最后对DSTATCOM的性能进行了测试,实验结果表明,本文所采用的控制策略和设计方法是有效可行的,主电路、控制系统和保护系统的设计是合理正确的.此外还分析了DSTATCOM输出电流谐波产生的原因及其与连接电抗器参数的关系。
Dynamic reactive power compensation is a main measure of reducing network dissipation and improving power quality. DSTATCOM, as dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, can rapidly and continuously compensate reactive power of the load, and has a characteristic that rated compensation current is not related with the network voltage. So DSTATCOM is the developing trend of reactive power compensator. The control technology and the parameter design method of low-voltage DSTATCOM was researched based on the Voltage Source Inverter and PWM control technology.
For compensating reactive power of balanced power system, DSTATCOM using indirect-current control is developed. Through comparing accustomed structures of main circuit, a three-phase twolevel inverter is selected as main circuit. The math model is established. In the paper, inverse-system PI controllers are used to control output of reactive power and voltage on DC side respectively. The result of simulation confirmed that the DSTATCOM have good compensation performance, and its dynamic performance is improved.
An experimental system of 7.5kVar DSTATCOM was developed, and the control system of DSTATCOM was designed based on DSP. Introduce the hardware structure and design of control software for the apparatusand and design of control software for the apparatus. Finally,the performances of DSTATCOM is tested completely,the experimental results indicate that the control strategy and design method used in this paper is effective and feasible, and the design of main circuit, control system and protection system is rational and correct. The relationship of the harmonic content of output current is tested by experimentation.
引文
[1]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿(第二版)[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[2]姜齐荣,谢小荣,陈建业.电力系统无功补偿——结构、原理、控制与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[3]苑舜,韩水.配电网无功优化及无功补偿装置[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2003.
[4]袁佳歆,陈柏超.利用配电网静止无功补偿器改善配电网电能质量的方法[J].电网技术,2004,28(19)：81-84.
[5]戴晓亮.无功补偿技术在配电网中的应用[J].电网技术,1999,23(6)：11-14.
[6]粟时平,刘桂英.静止无功功率补偿技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006.
[7]董云龙,吴杰.无功补偿技术综述[J].节能,2003,(9)：13-15.
[8]M. Aredes, G. Santos Jr., A Robust Control for Multiples STATCOM[J]. Proceedings of IPEC 2000, Tokyo,2000,(4):2163-2168.
[9]徐政.基于品闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.
[10]戴晓亮.无功补偿技术在配电网中的应用[J].电网技术,1999,23(6)：11-14.
[11]张刘春,韩如成.无功补偿装置的现状和发展趋势[J].太原重型机械学院学报,2004,25(1)：30-33,39.
[12]刘建强.配电网四种无功补偿技术方案比较[J].电工技术杂志,2003,(03)：3134.
[13]罗安.电网谐波治理和无补偿技术及装备[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006.
[14]同向前,王超,钟彦儒.基于SPWM-VSI结构的的实验研究[J].电工电能新技术.2004,23(3)：31-34.
[15]Akagi H,Kanazawa Y,Nabae A.Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits[J]. Proceedings of IPEC.1983,Tokyo,1983:1375-1386.
[16]谢小荣,姜齐荣.柔性交流输电系统的原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[17]栗春,姜齐荣,王仲鸿等.静止同步补偿器多目标协调控制器的设计[J].电工技术学报,1999,(2)： 21-24.
[18]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良等.STATCOM与发电机励磁的协调控[J].电力系统自动化.2001,(5)： 19-22.
[19]Hyung-Min Ryu, Jang-Hwan Kim, Seung-Ki Sul. Analysis of multiphase space vectorpulse-width modulation based on multiple d-q spaces concept[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005,20(6):1364-1371.
[20]Chunhui Wu, Qirong Jiang, Chunpeng Zhang. An Optimization Method for Three-level Selective Harmonic Eliminated Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM)[J]. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2005,(2):1346-1350.
[21]Yiqiao Liang, C.O.Nwankpa. A New Type of STATCOM Based on Cascading Voltage Source Inverters with Phase-Shifted Unipolar SPWM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications.1998:1447-1453.
[22]Pablo Garcia-Gonzalez, Aurelio Garcia-Gerrada. Control system for a PWM-Based STATCOM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2000,15(4):1252-1257.
[23]Gerardo Escobar, Aleksandar M.Stankovic, Paolo Mattavelli. An adaptive controller in stationary reference frame for D-Statcom in unbalanced operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Electronic, 2004,51(2):401-409.
[24]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第四版)[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[25]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.10.
[26]徐俊起.新型静止无功发生器的研究[D].西安交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.6.
[27]李春文,冯元馄.多变量非线性控制的逆系统方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1991.
[28]程汉湘.配电系统StatCom的动态性能及其控制策略研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文,2004.6.
[29]姜齐荣,王强,韩英铎等.新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)装置的建模及控制[J].清华大学学报,1997,37(7)：21-25.
[30]Woei-Luen Chen,Yuan-Yih Hsu. Direct output voltage control of a static synchronous compensator using current sensorless d-q vector-based power balancing scheme[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2003,2(7-12):545-549.
[31]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社,1998.
[32]姜齐荣,谢小荣,陈建业.电力系统并联补偿——结构、原理、控制与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2004.7.
[33]BLAZIC B,PAPIC I. A new mathematical model and control of D-StatCom for operation under unbalanced conditions[J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2004,72(3):279-287.
[34]Q.J. Liu,Y.Z. Sun, T.L. Shen,Y.H. Song. Adaptive nonlinear co-ordinated excitation and STATCOM controller based on Hamiltonian structure for multimachine-power-system stability enhancement[J].. Control Theory and Applications,2003,150(3):285-294.
[35]魏文辉,刘文华,宋强等.基于逆系统方法有功／无功解耦PWM控制的链式STATCOM动态控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,(2)：29-29.
[36]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良,韩英铎.STATCOM无功电流的鲁棒自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(4)：35—39.
[37]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良,韩英铎.静止同步补偿器无功电流的鲁棒自适应控制[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(30)：32-35.
[38]栗春,姜齐荣,王仲鸿等.静止无功补偿器的非线性控制器的设计[J].电网技术,1998(6)：34-38.
[39]Yuan-Yin Hsu, Chung-Ching Su. A rule-based expert system for steady-state stability analysis [ofpower systems][J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1991,6(5):771-777.
[40]Oonsivilai, A., El-Hawary, M.E. A self-organizing fuzzy power system stabilizer[J]. Electrical and Computer Engineering,1998,1(24-28):197-200.
[41]C. Sharmeela, G. Uma, M.R. Mohan. Multi-level distribution STATCOM for voltage sag and swell reduction[J]. Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2005,2(12-16):1303-1307.
[42]K. Joshit, A. Behalt, A. K. Jaid, and N. Mohad. A Comparative Study of Control Strategies for Fast Voltage Regulation with STATCOMs[J]. The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,2004:187-192.
[43]Masdi, H.; Mariun, N.; Mahmud, S.; Mohamed, A.. Design of a prototype D-STATCOM for voltage sag mitigation[J]. Power and Energy Conference,2004:61-66.
[44]C. Sharmeela, G. Uma, M.R. Mohan and K. Karthikeyan. Multi-level Distribution STATCOM for reducing the effect of Voltage Sag and Swell. Intemational Conference on Power System Technology,2004.
[45]G. Ledwich, A. Ghosh. A flexible DSTATCOM operating in voltage or current control mode[J]. Generation Transmission and Distribution,2002,149(5):215-224.
[46]Wei-Neng Chang, Kuan-Dih. Design and implementation of DSTATCOM with symmetrical components method for fast load compensation of unbalanced distribution systems[J]. Power Electronics and Drive Systems,2003,2(11):1547-1551.
[47]E. Twining, D.G. Holmes. Voltage compensation in weak distribution networks using multiple shunt connected voltage source inverters[J]. Power Tech Conference Proceedings,2003,4(6):8.
[48]刘文华,卢军锋,郑征等.基于SHE-PWM的DSTATCOM的控制器和脉冲发生器的设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(9)：1188-1191.
[49]魏文辉,刘文华,宋强等.基于逆系统方法有功／无功解耦PWM控制的链式STATCOM动态控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(3)：23-28.
[50]陈锐坚.低压静止同步补偿器的研究[D].清华大学硕士论文,2004.6.
[2]姜齐荣,谢小荣,陈建业.电力系统无功补偿——结构、原理、控制与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[3]苑舜,韩水.配电网无功优化及无功补偿装置[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2003.
[4]袁佳歆,陈柏超.利用配电网静止无功补偿器改善配电网电能质量的方法[J].电网技术,2004,28(19)：81-84.
[5]戴晓亮.无功补偿技术在配电网中的应用[J].电网技术,1999,23(6)：11-14.
[6]粟时平,刘桂英.静止无功功率补偿技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006.
[7]董云龙,吴杰.无功补偿技术综述[J].节能,2003,(9)：13-15.
[8]M. Aredes, G. Santos Jr., A Robust Control for Multiples STATCOM[J]. Proceedings of IPEC 2000, Tokyo,2000,(4):2163-2168.
[9]徐政.基于品闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.
[10]戴晓亮.无功补偿技术在配电网中的应用[J].电网技术,1999,23(6)：11-14.
[11]张刘春,韩如成.无功补偿装置的现状和发展趋势[J].太原重型机械学院学报,2004,25(1)：30-33,39.
[12]刘建强.配电网四种无功补偿技术方案比较[J].电工技术杂志,2003,(03)：3134.
[13]罗安.电网谐波治理和无补偿技术及装备[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006.
[14]同向前,王超,钟彦儒.基于SPWM-VSI结构的的实验研究[J].电工电能新技术.2004,23(3)：31-34.
[15]Akagi H,Kanazawa Y,Nabae A.Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits[J]. Proceedings of IPEC.1983,Tokyo,1983:1375-1386.
[16]谢小荣,姜齐荣.柔性交流输电系统的原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[17]栗春,姜齐荣,王仲鸿等.静止同步补偿器多目标协调控制器的设计[J].电工技术学报,1999,(2)： 21-24.
[18]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良等.STATCOM与发电机励磁的协调控[J].电力系统自动化.2001,(5)： 19-22.
[19]Hyung-Min Ryu, Jang-Hwan Kim, Seung-Ki Sul. Analysis of multiphase space vectorpulse-width modulation based on multiple d-q spaces concept[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005,20(6):1364-1371.
[20]Chunhui Wu, Qirong Jiang, Chunpeng Zhang. An Optimization Method for Three-level Selective Harmonic Eliminated Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM)[J]. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2005,(2):1346-1350.
[21]Yiqiao Liang, C.O.Nwankpa. A New Type of STATCOM Based on Cascading Voltage Source Inverters with Phase-Shifted Unipolar SPWM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications.1998:1447-1453.
[22]Pablo Garcia-Gonzalez, Aurelio Garcia-Gerrada. Control system for a PWM-Based STATCOM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2000,15(4):1252-1257.
[23]Gerardo Escobar, Aleksandar M.Stankovic, Paolo Mattavelli. An adaptive controller in stationary reference frame for D-Statcom in unbalanced operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Electronic, 2004,51(2):401-409.
[24]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第四版)[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[25]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.10.
[26]徐俊起.新型静止无功发生器的研究[D].西安交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.6.
[27]李春文,冯元馄.多变量非线性控制的逆系统方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1991.
[28]程汉湘.配电系统StatCom的动态性能及其控制策略研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文,2004.6.
[29]姜齐荣,王强,韩英铎等.新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)装置的建模及控制[J].清华大学学报,1997,37(7)：21-25.
[30]Woei-Luen Chen,Yuan-Yih Hsu. Direct output voltage control of a static synchronous compensator using current sensorless d-q vector-based power balancing scheme[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2003,2(7-12):545-549.
[31]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社,1998.
[32]姜齐荣,谢小荣,陈建业.电力系统并联补偿——结构、原理、控制与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2004.7.
[33]BLAZIC B,PAPIC I. A new mathematical model and control of D-StatCom for operation under unbalanced conditions[J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2004,72(3):279-287.
[34]Q.J. Liu,Y.Z. Sun, T.L. Shen,Y.H. Song. Adaptive nonlinear co-ordinated excitation and STATCOM controller based on Hamiltonian structure for multimachine-power-system stability enhancement[J].. Control Theory and Applications,2003,150(3):285-294.
[35]魏文辉,刘文华,宋强等.基于逆系统方法有功／无功解耦PWM控制的链式STATCOM动态控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,(2)：29-29.
[36]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良,韩英铎.STATCOM无功电流的鲁棒自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(4)：35—39.
[37]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良,韩英铎.静止同步补偿器无功电流的鲁棒自适应控制[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(30)：32-35.
[38]栗春,姜齐荣,王仲鸿等.静止无功补偿器的非线性控制器的设计[J].电网技术,1998(6)：34-38.
[39]Yuan-Yin Hsu, Chung-Ching Su. A rule-based expert system for steady-state stability analysis [ofpower systems][J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1991,6(5):771-777.
[40]Oonsivilai, A., El-Hawary, M.E. A self-organizing fuzzy power system stabilizer[J]. Electrical and Computer Engineering,1998,1(24-28):197-200.
[41]C. Sharmeela, G. Uma, M.R. Mohan. Multi-level distribution STATCOM for voltage sag and swell reduction[J]. Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2005,2(12-16):1303-1307.
[42]K. Joshit, A. Behalt, A. K. Jaid, and N. Mohad. A Comparative Study of Control Strategies for Fast Voltage Regulation with STATCOMs[J]. The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,2004:187-192.
[43]Masdi, H.; Mariun, N.; Mahmud, S.; Mohamed, A.. Design of a prototype D-STATCOM for voltage sag mitigation[J]. Power and Energy Conference,2004:61-66.
[44]C. Sharmeela, G. Uma, M.R. Mohan and K. Karthikeyan. Multi-level Distribution STATCOM for reducing the effect of Voltage Sag and Swell. Intemational Conference on Power System Technology,2004.
[45]G. Ledwich, A. Ghosh. A flexible DSTATCOM operating in voltage or current control mode[J]. Generation Transmission and Distribution,2002,149(5):215-224.
[46]Wei-Neng Chang, Kuan-Dih. Design and implementation of DSTATCOM with symmetrical components method for fast load compensation of unbalanced distribution systems[J]. Power Electronics and Drive Systems,2003,2(11):1547-1551.
[47]E. Twining, D.G. Holmes. Voltage compensation in weak distribution networks using multiple shunt connected voltage source inverters[J]. Power Tech Conference Proceedings,2003,4(6):8.
[48]刘文华,卢军锋,郑征等.基于SHE-PWM的DSTATCOM的控制器和脉冲发生器的设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(9)：1188-1191.
[49]魏文辉,刘文华,宋强等.基于逆系统方法有功／无功解耦PWM控制的链式STATCOM动态控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(3)：23-28.
[50]陈锐坚.低压静止同步补偿器的研究[D].清华大学硕士论文,2004.6.