磁集成三电平LLC谐振变换器
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摘要
三电平直流变换器可以降低开关管的电压应力,减小输出滤波器,广泛应用于新能源供电、通信电源等场合。为了提高变换器的效率,要求其采用软开关技术,而传统的利用移相控制或倍流整流等软开关技术不能同时很好实现原边开关管的软开关及副边整流管的零电流关断。为此,将LLC谐振网络引入到复合式全桥三电平(H-FB TL)谐振变换器中,得到PWM H-FB TL LLC谐振变换器,此组合能同时实现开关管的软开关及整流管的零电流关断。H-FB TL LLC谐振变换器主要具有以下优点:适合于宽输入电压范围的应用场合;三电平桥臂的开关管电压应力只有输入电压的一半;整流二极管实现ZCS,其电压应力仅为一倍或两倍的输出电压;可以在全负载范围内实现ZVS。针对H-FB TL LLC谐振变换器有变压器和谐振电感两个磁件,为了减小磁件的体积、重量,提高变换器的功率密度,磁集成技术被引入到该变换器中。
本文详细分析了变换器的基本工作原理并给出了其主要参数的设计方法。对两绕组及三绕组变压器副边存在漏感的模型进行了等效,并用Saber仿真软件验证了理论分析的正确性。
给出了利用漏感及独立绕组的两种磁集成方法。用Ansoft软件对利用漏感进行磁集成的变压器进行了仿真分析和参数设计;对两种同名端连接方式的集成磁件进行了电路等效、分析、比较及选择,最终完成了集成磁件的设计。
在电气性能相同的原则下,完成了200～400V输入、360V输出、功率为1.5KW的分立磁件和集成磁件原理样机的制作,给出了实验结果,实验结果证明了原理分析的正确性。与分立式磁件相比,采用独立绕组集成磁件的体积和重量减少了近20%,且效率有所提高。
With the advantages of reduction of power switch voltage stress and output filter inductance, the three level (TL) converter is very suitable for some special applications, such as new energy and telecom power supply. Soft-switching technology is necessary for the TL converter to improve the efficiency, however, traditional phase-shifted control or current doubler rectifier can not realize both the soft-switching and zero current turn-off for the secondary rectifiers. LLC resonant tank is introduced to hybrid full-bridge three-level (H-FB TL) converter to resolve the above mentioned problem, which has the following advantages: suitable for wide input voltage range, TL leg switches sustain only half of the input voltage and realize ZVS capability from zero to full load, and rectifier diodes realize ZCS. In order to reduce the magnetic core size and improve the power density, integrated magnetic (IM) technology is introduced into the H-FB TL LLC resonant converter in this thesis.
The operation principle of the H-FB TL LLC resonant converter is analyzed in detail and its design approach of main parameters is demonstrated. The equivalent models of the two-winding and three-winding transformer with the secondary leakage inductor are also derived, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified through simulation.
Two IM methods are presented in this thesis. The IM transformer with leakage inductor is simulated and designed by Ansoft. The equivalent circuits of two kinds of IM transformers are derived and analyzed, which helps the completion of the design of integrated magnetic transformers. Finally, with the same given specification, 200~400V input, 360V/4A output, two prototypes with discrete magnetic and integrated magnetic are built in the lab, respectively to verify the principle analysis. Compared with the discrete magnetic, the core volume and weight can be reduced by nearly 20 percent with the independent winding integrated magnetic, and the efficiency is improved slightly.
本文详细分析了变换器的基本工作原理并给出了其主要参数的设计方法。对两绕组及三绕组变压器副边存在漏感的模型进行了等效,并用Saber仿真软件验证了理论分析的正确性。
给出了利用漏感及独立绕组的两种磁集成方法。用Ansoft软件对利用漏感进行磁集成的变压器进行了仿真分析和参数设计;对两种同名端连接方式的集成磁件进行了电路等效、分析、比较及选择,最终完成了集成磁件的设计。
在电气性能相同的原则下,完成了200～400V输入、360V输出、功率为1.5KW的分立磁件和集成磁件原理样机的制作,给出了实验结果,实验结果证明了原理分析的正确性。与分立式磁件相比,采用独立绕组集成磁件的体积和重量减少了近20%,且效率有所提高。
With the advantages of reduction of power switch voltage stress and output filter inductance, the three level (TL) converter is very suitable for some special applications, such as new energy and telecom power supply. Soft-switching technology is necessary for the TL converter to improve the efficiency, however, traditional phase-shifted control or current doubler rectifier can not realize both the soft-switching and zero current turn-off for the secondary rectifiers. LLC resonant tank is introduced to hybrid full-bridge three-level (H-FB TL) converter to resolve the above mentioned problem, which has the following advantages: suitable for wide input voltage range, TL leg switches sustain only half of the input voltage and realize ZVS capability from zero to full load, and rectifier diodes realize ZCS. In order to reduce the magnetic core size and improve the power density, integrated magnetic (IM) technology is introduced into the H-FB TL LLC resonant converter in this thesis.
The operation principle of the H-FB TL LLC resonant converter is analyzed in detail and its design approach of main parameters is demonstrated. The equivalent models of the two-winding and three-winding transformer with the secondary leakage inductor are also derived, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified through simulation.
Two IM methods are presented in this thesis. The IM transformer with leakage inductor is simulated and designed by Ansoft. The equivalent circuits of two kinds of IM transformers are derived and analyzed, which helps the completion of the design of integrated magnetic transformers. Finally, with the same given specification, 200~400V input, 360V/4A output, two prototypes with discrete magnetic and integrated magnetic are built in the lab, respectively to verify the principle analysis. Compared with the discrete magnetic, the core volume and weight can be reduced by nearly 20 percent with the independent winding integrated magnetic, and the efficiency is improved slightly.
引文
[1] Nabae A., Takahashi I., Akagi H.. A new neutral-clamped PWM inverter. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1981, 17(5): 518-523.
[2] Meynard T. A., Foch H.. Multi-level conversion: high voltage choppers and voltage-source inverters. Proc. IEEE PESC, 1992. 397-403.
[3] Pinheiro J. R., Barbi I.. The three-level ZVS-PWM dc-dc converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1993, 8(4): 486-492.
[4] Coelho K. D., Barbi I.. A three level double-ended Forward converter. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2003. 1396-1400.
[5] Coelho K. D., Barbi I.. A three level double-ended Flyback converter. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2003. 1396-1400.
[6] Santander A. A., Perin A. J., Barbi I.. A three-level push-pull inverter: analysis, design and experimentation. Proc. IEEE APEC, 1994. 668-674.
[7]马运东,阮新波,严仰光. ZVS PWM全桥三电平直流变换器.南京航空航天大学学报, 2003, 35(2):116-121.
[8]张之梁,阮新波.零电压开关PWM全桥三电平变换器.中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(16): 17-22.
[9]刘福鑫,阮新波.一种新颖的零电压开关PWM复合式三电平变换器.中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(22): 45-50.
[10] Jin K, Ruan X. Hybrid full-bridge three-level converter LLC resonant converter– A novel dc-dc converter suitable for fuel cell power system. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2005. 361-367.
[11]陈武.复合式全桥三电平变换器的软开关技术研究.硕士学位论文.南京航空航天大学, 2006.
[12]陈志英. ZVS PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器的研究.硕士学位论文.南京航空航天大学, 2004.
[13]阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其软开关技术.科学出版社,2006.
[14]王长贵.新能源和可再生能源和现状和展望.太阳能光伏产业发展论坛论文集, 2003.
[15] K. W. E. Cheng, D. Sutanto, Y. L. Ho, et al. Exploring the power conditioning system for fuel cell. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2001, pp. 2197-2202.
[16] J. Wang, F. Z. Peng, J. Anderson, et al. Low cost fuel cell converter system for residential power generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2004, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1315-1322.
[17]衣宝廉.燃料电池现状与未来.电源技术, 1998, 22(5): 216-221.
[18]陆天虹.孙公权.我国燃料电池发展概况.电源技术, 1998, 22(4): 182-184.
[19]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛,等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用.科学出版社, 2005.
[20] X. Ruan, B. Li and Q. Chen. Three-level converters– a new approach for high voltage and high power dc-to-dc conversion. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2002, pp. 663-668.
[21] X. Ruan, Z. Chen and W. Chen. Zero-voltage–switching pwm hybrid full-bridge three-level converter. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 2005, vol. 20, no. 2, pp.395-404.
[22] X. Ruan and B. Li. Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching pwm hybrid full-bridge three-level converter. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 2005, vol.52, no. 1, pp. 213-220.
[23]李斌,三电平直流变换器的研究.硕士学位论文.南京航空航天大学, 2002.
[24]陈武,阮新波.加箝位二极管的ZVS PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器.中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(20): 21-25.
[25] W. Chen, X. Ruan. Current-doubler-rectifier zvs pwm hybrid full-bridge three-level converter. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2005, pp. 413-419.
[26] Gu Yilei, Lu Zhengyu, Hang Guosong, et al. Three-Level LLC Series Resonant DC/DC Converter [J]. IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, 2005, 20: 781～789.
[27] Robert L. Steigerwald. A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, 1988, vol.3, No.2, pp.174-182.
[28] R. Liu, I Batarseh, C. Q. Lee. The LLC-type and the class-E resonant converters. In Conference record of High Frequency Power Conversion 1989, pp.486-496, Naples Florida.
[29] Bo Yang, F.C.Lee, A.J. Zhang and G. Huang. LLC resonant converter for front end DC/DC conversion. Proc. IEEE APEC, 2002, pp. 1108-1112 vol.2.
[30] Bo Yang, F.C.Lee, Mattew Concannon, Over current protection methods for LLC resonant converter, IEEE APEC, 2003.
[31] Bo Yang, Rengang Chen and F.C.Lee. Integrated Magnetic for LLC Resonant Converter. IEEE 2002, pp.346-351.
[32] Raju, G. S. N., Doradla. An LCL Resonant Converter with PWM Control-Analysis, Simulation, and Implementation. IEEE Trans on Power Elec, Vol.3, March 1995, pp.174-182.
[33] Lu B., Liu, W. Liang, F.C.Lee, Van Wyk, J.D. Optimal Design Methodlogy for LLC Resonant Converter. APEC '06, Page(s): 533– 538.
[34]黄贵松,顾亦磊,章进法. LLC串联谐振直流-直流变换器”,电源技术学报. 2002.6,第1卷第一期, pp.61-66.
[35]汪军,陈辉明.基于LLC谐振负载的高频感应加热电源[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(6): 78～80.
[36] G. Ivensky, S. Bronstein, S. Ben-Yaakov. Approximate analysis of theresonant LCL DC-DC converter. IEEE Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel, 2004. Proceedings, pp. 44-47.
[37] Bo Yang, Peng Xu, Lee, F.C. Range winding for wide input range front end DC/DC converter. APEC 2001, Page(s): 476– 479.
[38] Lu B., Liu W., Liang Y., Lee F.C, Van Wyk, J.D.. Optimal Design Methodlogy for LLC Resonant Converter. APEC '06, Page(s): 533– 538.
[39] James F. Lazar and Robert Martinelli. Steady-State Analysis of the LLC Series Resonant Converter. IEEE APEC, pp. 605-609, 2001.
[40] Teng Liu etc. Design Guide Line of LLC Resonant Converter. DPEC seminar 2005.
[41] R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic. A multiple-winding magnetics model having directly measurable parameters. IEEE PESC’98 Record, June 1998, pp. 1472–1478.
[42] J. G. Hayer, N. O’Donovan, and M. G. Egan. The extended T model of the multi-winding transformer. In IEEE PESC’04 Record, June 2004, pp. 1812–1817.
[43] A. Dauhajre and R. D. Middlebrook. Modeling and estimation of leakage phenomena in magnetic circuits. In IEEE PESC’86 Record, June 1986, pp.213-226.
[44] Electric Transformer Handbook. Liaoning Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1998, pp. 450-481.
[45] J. G. Hayes, N. O’Donovan, M. G. Egan, and T. O’Donnel. Inductance characterization of high-leakage transformers. In Proc. IEEE APEC’03, March 2003, pp. 1150–1156.
[46]阮新波,严仰光,直流开关电源的软开关技术,科学出版社,2000年.
[47]丁道宏,电力电子技术,航空工业出版社,1999.
[48]赵修科.实用电源技术手册磁性元器件分册.沈阳,辽宁科学技术出版社, 2002: 23-26.
[49]杨玉岗.现代电力电子的磁技术.北京,科学出版社, 2006: 20-26.
[50]陈乾宏.开关电源中磁集成技术的应用研究.博士学位论文.南京航空航天大学, 2001年9月.
[51] Mike Meinhardt, Maeve Duffy, Terence O’Donnell, &etc. New Method for Integration of Resonant Inductor and Transformer_Design, Realisation, Measurements. APEC’99, Page(s): 1276–1279.
[52] Wei chen, Guichao Hua, Dan Sable, Fred Lee. Design of High Efficiency, Low Profile, LowVoltage Converter with Integrated Magnetics. VPEC’1997, pp. 14-20.
[53] Arkadiy Kats, Gregory Ivensky, Sam Ben-Yakov. Application of Interated Magnetics in Resonant Converters. APEC’97, pp.925-930.
[54]陈为,章进法,电力电子高频磁技术及其发展趋势,当代通信, 2000, No.14: 22-24.
[55] Charles S Walker. Combined Transformer and Inductor. U.S. Patent 4,689,592 Aug.25, 1987.
[56] Kats A., Ivensky G., Ben-Yaakov. Application of integrated magnetic in resonant converters. APEC '97 Conference Proceedings 1997, Twelfth Annual, Volume: 2, 1997 Page(s): 925 -930 vol.2.
[57] R. Huljak, V. Thottuvelil, A. Marsh and B. Miller. Where Are Power Supplies Headed. APEC’2000, pp.
[58]陈乾宏,阮新波,严仰光.磁集成变换器的推导及磁件等效电路通用模型.电力电子技术, 2004, Vol.38, No.5 : 48-50.
[59]陈乾宏,阮新波,严仰光.开关电源中磁集成技术及其应用.电工技术学报, Vol.19, No.3, 2004年9月: 1-8.
[2] Meynard T. A., Foch H.. Multi-level conversion: high voltage choppers and voltage-source inverters. Proc. IEEE PESC, 1992. 397-403.
[3] Pinheiro J. R., Barbi I.. The three-level ZVS-PWM dc-dc converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1993, 8(4): 486-492.
[4] Coelho K. D., Barbi I.. A three level double-ended Forward converter. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2003. 1396-1400.
[5] Coelho K. D., Barbi I.. A three level double-ended Flyback converter. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2003. 1396-1400.
[6] Santander A. A., Perin A. J., Barbi I.. A three-level push-pull inverter: analysis, design and experimentation. Proc. IEEE APEC, 1994. 668-674.
[7]马运东,阮新波,严仰光. ZVS PWM全桥三电平直流变换器.南京航空航天大学学报, 2003, 35(2):116-121.
[8]张之梁,阮新波.零电压开关PWM全桥三电平变换器.中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(16): 17-22.
[9]刘福鑫,阮新波.一种新颖的零电压开关PWM复合式三电平变换器.中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(22): 45-50.
[10] Jin K, Ruan X. Hybrid full-bridge three-level converter LLC resonant converter– A novel dc-dc converter suitable for fuel cell power system. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2005. 361-367.
[11]陈武.复合式全桥三电平变换器的软开关技术研究.硕士学位论文.南京航空航天大学, 2006.
[12]陈志英. ZVS PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器的研究.硕士学位论文.南京航空航天大学, 2004.
[13]阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其软开关技术.科学出版社,2006.
[14]王长贵.新能源和可再生能源和现状和展望.太阳能光伏产业发展论坛论文集, 2003.
[15] K. W. E. Cheng, D. Sutanto, Y. L. Ho, et al. Exploring the power conditioning system for fuel cell. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2001, pp. 2197-2202.
[16] J. Wang, F. Z. Peng, J. Anderson, et al. Low cost fuel cell converter system for residential power generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2004, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1315-1322.
[17]衣宝廉.燃料电池现状与未来.电源技术, 1998, 22(5): 216-221.
[18]陆天虹.孙公权.我国燃料电池发展概况.电源技术, 1998, 22(4): 182-184.
[19]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛,等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用.科学出版社, 2005.
[20] X. Ruan, B. Li and Q. Chen. Three-level converters– a new approach for high voltage and high power dc-to-dc conversion. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2002, pp. 663-668.
[21] X. Ruan, Z. Chen and W. Chen. Zero-voltage–switching pwm hybrid full-bridge three-level converter. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 2005, vol. 20, no. 2, pp.395-404.
[22] X. Ruan and B. Li. Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching pwm hybrid full-bridge three-level converter. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 2005, vol.52, no. 1, pp. 213-220.
[23]李斌,三电平直流变换器的研究.硕士学位论文.南京航空航天大学, 2002.
[24]陈武,阮新波.加箝位二极管的ZVS PWM复合式全桥三电平变换器.中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(20): 21-25.
[25] W. Chen, X. Ruan. Current-doubler-rectifier zvs pwm hybrid full-bridge three-level converter. Proc. IEEE PESC, 2005, pp. 413-419.
[26] Gu Yilei, Lu Zhengyu, Hang Guosong, et al. Three-Level LLC Series Resonant DC/DC Converter [J]. IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, 2005, 20: 781～789.
[27] Robert L. Steigerwald. A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, 1988, vol.3, No.2, pp.174-182.
[28] R. Liu, I Batarseh, C. Q. Lee. The LLC-type and the class-E resonant converters. In Conference record of High Frequency Power Conversion 1989, pp.486-496, Naples Florida.
[29] Bo Yang, F.C.Lee, A.J. Zhang and G. Huang. LLC resonant converter for front end DC/DC conversion. Proc. IEEE APEC, 2002, pp. 1108-1112 vol.2.
[30] Bo Yang, F.C.Lee, Mattew Concannon, Over current protection methods for LLC resonant converter, IEEE APEC, 2003.
[31] Bo Yang, Rengang Chen and F.C.Lee. Integrated Magnetic for LLC Resonant Converter. IEEE 2002, pp.346-351.
[32] Raju, G. S. N., Doradla. An LCL Resonant Converter with PWM Control-Analysis, Simulation, and Implementation. IEEE Trans on Power Elec, Vol.3, March 1995, pp.174-182.
[33] Lu B., Liu, W. Liang, F.C.Lee, Van Wyk, J.D. Optimal Design Methodlogy for LLC Resonant Converter. APEC '06, Page(s): 533– 538.
[34]黄贵松,顾亦磊,章进法. LLC串联谐振直流-直流变换器”,电源技术学报. 2002.6,第1卷第一期, pp.61-66.
[35]汪军,陈辉明.基于LLC谐振负载的高频感应加热电源[J].电力电子技术,2005,39(6): 78～80.
[36] G. Ivensky, S. Bronstein, S. Ben-Yaakov. Approximate analysis of theresonant LCL DC-DC converter. IEEE Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel, 2004. Proceedings, pp. 44-47.
[37] Bo Yang, Peng Xu, Lee, F.C. Range winding for wide input range front end DC/DC converter. APEC 2001, Page(s): 476– 479.
[38] Lu B., Liu W., Liang Y., Lee F.C, Van Wyk, J.D.. Optimal Design Methodlogy for LLC Resonant Converter. APEC '06, Page(s): 533– 538.
[39] James F. Lazar and Robert Martinelli. Steady-State Analysis of the LLC Series Resonant Converter. IEEE APEC, pp. 605-609, 2001.
[40] Teng Liu etc. Design Guide Line of LLC Resonant Converter. DPEC seminar 2005.
[41] R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic. A multiple-winding magnetics model having directly measurable parameters. IEEE PESC’98 Record, June 1998, pp. 1472–1478.
[42] J. G. Hayer, N. O’Donovan, and M. G. Egan. The extended T model of the multi-winding transformer. In IEEE PESC’04 Record, June 2004, pp. 1812–1817.
[43] A. Dauhajre and R. D. Middlebrook. Modeling and estimation of leakage phenomena in magnetic circuits. In IEEE PESC’86 Record, June 1986, pp.213-226.
[44] Electric Transformer Handbook. Liaoning Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1998, pp. 450-481.
[45] J. G. Hayes, N. O’Donovan, M. G. Egan, and T. O’Donnel. Inductance characterization of high-leakage transformers. In Proc. IEEE APEC’03, March 2003, pp. 1150–1156.
[46]阮新波,严仰光,直流开关电源的软开关技术,科学出版社,2000年.
[47]丁道宏,电力电子技术,航空工业出版社,1999.
[48]赵修科.实用电源技术手册磁性元器件分册.沈阳,辽宁科学技术出版社, 2002: 23-26.
[49]杨玉岗.现代电力电子的磁技术.北京,科学出版社, 2006: 20-26.
[50]陈乾宏.开关电源中磁集成技术的应用研究.博士学位论文.南京航空航天大学, 2001年9月.
[51] Mike Meinhardt, Maeve Duffy, Terence O’Donnell, &etc. New Method for Integration of Resonant Inductor and Transformer_Design, Realisation, Measurements. APEC’99, Page(s): 1276–1279.
[52] Wei chen, Guichao Hua, Dan Sable, Fred Lee. Design of High Efficiency, Low Profile, LowVoltage Converter with Integrated Magnetics. VPEC’1997, pp. 14-20.
[53] Arkadiy Kats, Gregory Ivensky, Sam Ben-Yakov. Application of Interated Magnetics in Resonant Converters. APEC’97, pp.925-930.
[54]陈为,章进法,电力电子高频磁技术及其发展趋势,当代通信, 2000, No.14: 22-24.
[55] Charles S Walker. Combined Transformer and Inductor. U.S. Patent 4,689,592 Aug.25, 1987.
[56] Kats A., Ivensky G., Ben-Yaakov. Application of integrated magnetic in resonant converters. APEC '97 Conference Proceedings 1997, Twelfth Annual, Volume: 2, 1997 Page(s): 925 -930 vol.2.
[57] R. Huljak, V. Thottuvelil, A. Marsh and B. Miller. Where Are Power Supplies Headed. APEC’2000, pp.
[58]陈乾宏,阮新波,严仰光.磁集成变换器的推导及磁件等效电路通用模型.电力电子技术, 2004, Vol.38, No.5 : 48-50.
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