双降压式全桥逆变器的研究
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摘要
随着电力电子技术的迅猛发展,逆变器得到了广泛的研究和应用。为避免桥臂功率管直通问题和提高输入直流电压利用率,本文在全桥逆变器和双降压式半桥逆变器的基础上,研究了一种新颖的逆变器拓扑——双降压式全桥逆变器(Dual Buck Full-Bridge Inverter——DBFBI)。它具有无桥臂功率管直通、输入直流电压利用率高、效率高、续流二极管可优化选取等优点,提高了逆变器的可靠性和抗干扰能力。
本文对DBFBI的工作模态进行了研究,详细分析了电感电流断续时出现的单次振荡模态和多次振荡模态。通过输入输出电压关系得出DBFBI输入直流电压利用率是双降压式半桥逆变器的2倍和DBFBI对动态响应控制要求较高的结论。采用电流半周期调制方式,减小了功率管的开关损耗和导通损耗。分析了影响开关频率范围、滞环宽度和输出滤波器参数选取的因素,并对电路主要参数进行了优化设计。
本文还对耦合电感DBFBI进行了研究。首先对半周期同时工作的两电感进行耦合,分析了绕线方式对耦合效果的影响,并选择了较优的绕线方式。进一步将逆变器中的四个电感耦合,分析了四感耦合给逆变器带来的环流问题及其原因,利用解耦集成方法实现了四感耦合。
在理论分析的基础上,对DBFBI进行了仿真研究,并制作了一台1kVA的试验样机进行实验验证。仿真和实验结果表明滞环控制的DBFBI稳定工作于电流半周期运行模式,工作效率较高,输出电压波形具有较高的正弦度,系统具有良好的动态性能。耦合后磁件体积和重量都有所减小,四感耦合的DBFBI可工作于半周期模式,电路中没有环流。
With the rapid development of the power electronics technology, the inverter has been researched and used widely. In order to avoid shoot-through problem of the power devices in bridge-type inverter and improve the utilization of DC input voltage, a novel dual buck full-bridge inverter (DBFBI) was researched in this thesis. It has the advantages of no shoot-through problem, high-utilization of DC input voltage, high-efficiency and optimum selection of the freewheeling diodes, improving the reliability of the inverter and anti-interference ability.
The thesis studies the operation modes of DBFBI. The single resonant mode and multiple resonant mode of inductor current under discontinuous conduction mode are analysised in detail. It can be concluded from the relations of input voltage and output voltage, that the utilization of DC input voltage of DBFBI is 2 times higer than that of dual buck half-bridge inverter and DBFBI needs fast dynamic response control. Half cycle modulation control strategy is adopted to reduce the switching losses and conduction losses. The factors which affect the selection of switch frequency range, hysteresis-band and the output filter are studied and the major parameters are optimal designed.
Coupled inductor dual buck full-bridge inverter is proposed.The two inductors working at the same time in a half cycle are coupled first. The effect of winding connection is analyzed and the better way is chosen. Then, the four independent inductors are coupled. The circulating current induced by the coupled inductors is researched. The four inductors are coupled with decouping integration technology.
After the theoretical analysis, this thesis carries out some simulation studies on the dual buck full-bridge inverter, and builds a 1kVA inverter prototype. The simulation and experimental results verify that DBFBI with hysteresis control and the half cycle modulation has high efficiency. good sinusoidal output waveform and fast dynamic response performance. The size and weight of magnetics can be reduced with coupled inductors. Four inductors coupled dual buck full-bridge inverter works in half cycle with no circulating current.
本文对DBFBI的工作模态进行了研究,详细分析了电感电流断续时出现的单次振荡模态和多次振荡模态。通过输入输出电压关系得出DBFBI输入直流电压利用率是双降压式半桥逆变器的2倍和DBFBI对动态响应控制要求较高的结论。采用电流半周期调制方式,减小了功率管的开关损耗和导通损耗。分析了影响开关频率范围、滞环宽度和输出滤波器参数选取的因素,并对电路主要参数进行了优化设计。
本文还对耦合电感DBFBI进行了研究。首先对半周期同时工作的两电感进行耦合,分析了绕线方式对耦合效果的影响,并选择了较优的绕线方式。进一步将逆变器中的四个电感耦合,分析了四感耦合给逆变器带来的环流问题及其原因,利用解耦集成方法实现了四感耦合。
在理论分析的基础上,对DBFBI进行了仿真研究,并制作了一台1kVA的试验样机进行实验验证。仿真和实验结果表明滞环控制的DBFBI稳定工作于电流半周期运行模式,工作效率较高,输出电压波形具有较高的正弦度,系统具有良好的动态性能。耦合后磁件体积和重量都有所减小,四感耦合的DBFBI可工作于半周期模式,电路中没有环流。
With the rapid development of the power electronics technology, the inverter has been researched and used widely. In order to avoid shoot-through problem of the power devices in bridge-type inverter and improve the utilization of DC input voltage, a novel dual buck full-bridge inverter (DBFBI) was researched in this thesis. It has the advantages of no shoot-through problem, high-utilization of DC input voltage, high-efficiency and optimum selection of the freewheeling diodes, improving the reliability of the inverter and anti-interference ability.
The thesis studies the operation modes of DBFBI. The single resonant mode and multiple resonant mode of inductor current under discontinuous conduction mode are analysised in detail. It can be concluded from the relations of input voltage and output voltage, that the utilization of DC input voltage of DBFBI is 2 times higer than that of dual buck half-bridge inverter and DBFBI needs fast dynamic response control. Half cycle modulation control strategy is adopted to reduce the switching losses and conduction losses. The factors which affect the selection of switch frequency range, hysteresis-band and the output filter are studied and the major parameters are optimal designed.
Coupled inductor dual buck full-bridge inverter is proposed.The two inductors working at the same time in a half cycle are coupled first. The effect of winding connection is analyzed and the better way is chosen. Then, the four independent inductors are coupled. The circulating current induced by the coupled inductors is researched. The four inductors are coupled with decouping integration technology.
After the theoretical analysis, this thesis carries out some simulation studies on the dual buck full-bridge inverter, and builds a 1kVA inverter prototype. The simulation and experimental results verify that DBFBI with hysteresis control and the half cycle modulation has high efficiency. good sinusoidal output waveform and fast dynamic response performance. The size and weight of magnetics can be reduced with coupled inductors. Four inductors coupled dual buck full-bridge inverter works in half cycle with no circulating current.
引文
[1]陈道炼.静止变流器.哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004:1~12.
[2] Shireen W. , Arefeen M.S. . An utility interactive power electronics interface for alternate/renewable energy systems,IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,Sept.,1996,11(3):643~649.
[3] Yaow-Ming Chen,Yuan-Chuan Liu,Shih-Chieh Hung,et al.Mutli-input inverter for grid-connected hybrid PV/wind power system.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2007,22(3):1070~1077.
[4]程明.新能源与分布式电源系统(上).电力需求侧管理,2003,5(3):44~46.
[5]王振存.三相四桥臂逆变器.[博士学位论文],北京,航天科工集团第二研究院,2003.
[6] I. Yamato,N. Tokunaga,Y. Matsuda,et al.New conversion system for UPS using high frequency link.IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Kyoto,1988:658~663.
[7]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路.杭州,浙江大学出版社,2002:276~300.
[8]谢小高,张军明,蔡拥军等.半桥变流器的软开关控制策略研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):48~52.
[9] Lai Jisheng,Peng Fangzheng.Multilevel converter:a new breed of power converter.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1996,32(3):509~517.
[10] Urasaki N,Senjyu T.A dead-time compensation strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive suppressing current distortion.Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society,Roanoke,VA,USA,2003.
[11]胡庆波,吕征宇.一种新颖的基于空间矢量PWM的死区补偿方法.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(3):13~17.
[12]王勇,吕征宇,陈威,等.一种基于空间矢量调制的矩阵变换器死区补偿方法.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):42~45.
[13] Stanley G R,Bradshaw K M.Precision DC-to-AC power conversion by optimization of the output current waveform-the half bridge revisited.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(2):372~380.
[14] Stanley G R.Opposed current power converter.US.Patent:5657219,1997.
[15] Liu Jun,Yan Yangguang.A novel hysteresis current controlled dual buck half bridgeinverter.IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Acapulco,Mexico,2003,4:1615~1620.
[16]洪峰,刘军.滞环电流控制型双BUCK逆变器.电工技术学报,2004,19(8):73~77.
[17]陈乾宏,阮新波,严仰光.开关电源中磁集成技术及其应用.电工技术学报,2004,19(3):1~7.
[18] Enjeti P,Lindsay J F,Ziogas P D,et a1.New current control scheme for PWM inverters.Electric Power Applications,1988,135(4):172~179.
[19]周增禄,毛惠丰,周炳根,等.SPWM数字化自然采样法的理论及其应用研究.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):32~37.
[20] Luigi. Malesani,Paolo. Tenti.A novel hysteresis control method for current controlled VSI PWM inverters with constant modulation frequency.Transactions on Industry Applications,1990,26(1):88~92.
[21] Akira Nabae , Isao Takahashi , Hirofumi Akagi . A new neutral-point-clamped pwm inverter.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,17(5),1981:518~523.
[22] Karybakas C A,Kosmatopoulos C A.Filter design method for a PWM feedback inverter systerm.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1993,11(3):364~372.
[23]应建平,沈红,张德华等.双滞环控制的三相双幅有源箝位谐振直流环节逆变器.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(2):8~12.
[24] Bode G H,Holmes D G.Implementation of three level hysteresis current control for a single phase voltage source inverter.IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Australia,2000.
[25] Rahman K M,Rezwan Khan M.Variable band hysteresis current controllers for pwm voltage source inverters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1997,12(6):964~970.
[26]马海啸,龚春英,严仰光.电流滞环控制半桥双降压式逆变器输出滤波器设计.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(13):98~103.
[27] Venkataramanan G,Divan D M,Jahns T M.Discrete pulse modulation strategies for high-frequency inverter systems.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1993,8(3):279~287.
[28]马海啸.基于双BUCK拓扑的静止变流器和串联混合有源电力滤波器的研究.[博士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2008.
[29]丁道宏,电力电子技术,北京,航空工业出版社,1999:240~250.
[30] J. Mazumdar,I. Batarseh,N. Kutkut,et a1.High frequency low cost DC-AC inverter design with fuel cell source for home applications.in Proc. IEEE Industry Applications Society,2002,789~794.
[31]陈敏.9kVA组合式三相逆变器的研制.[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2002.
[32]张先进.双Buck逆变器应用研究.[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2005.
[33] Don. Staffiere,Jim. Sarjeant.Power Technology Roadmap.IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,1998:3~8.
[34] Conor Quinn,Karl Rinne,Terence O’Donnell,et a1.A Review of Planar Magnetic Techniques and Technologies.IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2001:1175~1183.
[35] J. Wei,P. Xu,H.-P. Wu,F. Lee,et a1.Comparison of Three Topology Candidates for 12V VRM.IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2001:245~251.
[36]赵修科.磁性元件手册.辽宁,辽宁科学技术出版社,2002:58~65.
[37] W. Chen,F. C. Lee,X. Zhou,et a1.Integrated Planar Inductor Scheme for Multi-Module Interleaved Quasi-Square-Wave (QSW) DC/DC Converter IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1999:759~763.
[2] Shireen W. , Arefeen M.S. . An utility interactive power electronics interface for alternate/renewable energy systems,IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,Sept.,1996,11(3):643~649.
[3] Yaow-Ming Chen,Yuan-Chuan Liu,Shih-Chieh Hung,et al.Mutli-input inverter for grid-connected hybrid PV/wind power system.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2007,22(3):1070~1077.
[4]程明.新能源与分布式电源系统(上).电力需求侧管理,2003,5(3):44~46.
[5]王振存.三相四桥臂逆变器.[博士学位论文],北京,航天科工集团第二研究院,2003.
[6] I. Yamato,N. Tokunaga,Y. Matsuda,et al.New conversion system for UPS using high frequency link.IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Kyoto,1988:658~663.
[7]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路.杭州,浙江大学出版社,2002:276~300.
[8]谢小高,张军明,蔡拥军等.半桥变流器的软开关控制策略研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):48~52.
[9] Lai Jisheng,Peng Fangzheng.Multilevel converter:a new breed of power converter.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1996,32(3):509~517.
[10] Urasaki N,Senjyu T.A dead-time compensation strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive suppressing current distortion.Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society,Roanoke,VA,USA,2003.
[11]胡庆波,吕征宇.一种新颖的基于空间矢量PWM的死区补偿方法.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(3):13~17.
[12]王勇,吕征宇,陈威,等.一种基于空间矢量调制的矩阵变换器死区补偿方法.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):42~45.
[13] Stanley G R,Bradshaw K M.Precision DC-to-AC power conversion by optimization of the output current waveform-the half bridge revisited.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(2):372~380.
[14] Stanley G R.Opposed current power converter.US.Patent:5657219,1997.
[15] Liu Jun,Yan Yangguang.A novel hysteresis current controlled dual buck half bridgeinverter.IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Acapulco,Mexico,2003,4:1615~1620.
[16]洪峰,刘军.滞环电流控制型双BUCK逆变器.电工技术学报,2004,19(8):73~77.
[17]陈乾宏,阮新波,严仰光.开关电源中磁集成技术及其应用.电工技术学报,2004,19(3):1~7.
[18] Enjeti P,Lindsay J F,Ziogas P D,et a1.New current control scheme for PWM inverters.Electric Power Applications,1988,135(4):172~179.
[19]周增禄,毛惠丰,周炳根,等.SPWM数字化自然采样法的理论及其应用研究.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):32~37.
[20] Luigi. Malesani,Paolo. Tenti.A novel hysteresis control method for current controlled VSI PWM inverters with constant modulation frequency.Transactions on Industry Applications,1990,26(1):88~92.
[21] Akira Nabae , Isao Takahashi , Hirofumi Akagi . A new neutral-point-clamped pwm inverter.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,17(5),1981:518~523.
[22] Karybakas C A,Kosmatopoulos C A.Filter design method for a PWM feedback inverter systerm.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1993,11(3):364~372.
[23]应建平,沈红,张德华等.双滞环控制的三相双幅有源箝位谐振直流环节逆变器.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(2):8~12.
[24] Bode G H,Holmes D G.Implementation of three level hysteresis current control for a single phase voltage source inverter.IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Australia,2000.
[25] Rahman K M,Rezwan Khan M.Variable band hysteresis current controllers for pwm voltage source inverters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1997,12(6):964~970.
[26]马海啸,龚春英,严仰光.电流滞环控制半桥双降压式逆变器输出滤波器设计.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(13):98~103.
[27] Venkataramanan G,Divan D M,Jahns T M.Discrete pulse modulation strategies for high-frequency inverter systems.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1993,8(3):279~287.
[28]马海啸.基于双BUCK拓扑的静止变流器和串联混合有源电力滤波器的研究.[博士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2008.
[29]丁道宏,电力电子技术,北京,航空工业出版社,1999:240~250.
[30] J. Mazumdar,I. Batarseh,N. Kutkut,et a1.High frequency low cost DC-AC inverter design with fuel cell source for home applications.in Proc. IEEE Industry Applications Society,2002,789~794.
[31]陈敏.9kVA组合式三相逆变器的研制.[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2002.
[32]张先进.双Buck逆变器应用研究.[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2005.
[33] Don. Staffiere,Jim. Sarjeant.Power Technology Roadmap.IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,1998:3~8.
[34] Conor Quinn,Karl Rinne,Terence O’Donnell,et a1.A Review of Planar Magnetic Techniques and Technologies.IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2001:1175~1183.
[35] J. Wei,P. Xu,H.-P. Wu,F. Lee,et a1.Comparison of Three Topology Candidates for 12V VRM.IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2001:245~251.
[36]赵修科.磁性元件手册.辽宁,辽宁科学技术出版社,2002:58~65.
[37] W. Chen,F. C. Lee,X. Zhou,et a1.Integrated Planar Inductor Scheme for Multi-Module Interleaved Quasi-Square-Wave (QSW) DC/DC Converter IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1999:759~763.