现代物流标准检测体系研究
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摘要
物流并非是一个严格意义上的专门行业，它是运输、包装、仓储、装卸／搬运、流通加工、配送和信息处理等各个行业的综合和系统化。现代物流业是在传统行业的基础上发展起来的，由于传统的物流过程被人为地割裂为很多阶段，而各个阶段不能很好地衔接和协调，加上信息不能共享，造成物流过程的效率不高。要获得物流系统的最佳效益和秩序的重要途径就是加强物流标准化建设。
物流标准化是发展我国物流业必需的、势在必行的关键一步。制定、修订与贯彻物流标准就成了政府推动物流行业发展的首要任务之一。除了建立物流标准体系之外，更重要的是切实贯彻和落实物流标准，也就是说建立可靠的、有保障的物流标准检测体系。但是，我国目前的物流标准化工作现状并不令人满意，物流标准体系、物流标准检测体系尚未形成。因此，对建立符合我国国情的物流标准检测体系进行研究，具有现实意义。
本文作者在对国内、外有关物流标准化及物流标准检测体系的相关资料进行调查、研究和分析的基础上，从各方面阐述了建立我国物流标准检测体系的内容、特点、程序、要求和条件等。本文共分7章。第1章阐述了课题提出的背景、课题研究的目和意义，概述了标准化的概念和物流标准化发展状况，简述了课题研究的主要内容。第2章在有关标准的分级、分类基本理论的基础上，提出了物流检测标准的概念及涵义，并对其性质进行了研究。第3章分析了物流标准检测体系与物流检测标准体系的联系，提出了物流标准检测体系应具备的特性；在研究标准体系一般理论的基础上，提出了物流检测标准体系的概念及涵义，并分析了建立我国物流检测标准体系的基本原则、基本条件和基本要求。第4章在联系我国实际情况，并分析物流检测标准体系的三维空间图和实施环境的基础上，提出了与物流标准体系结构相适应的物流标准检测体系结构框架。第5章论述了在物流标准检测体系结构框架基础上建立的，物流检测标准体系表的概念、作用、特点及编制程序。第6章研究分析了物流检测标准的制定、修订和实
武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
施的程序及各自特点，并给出了编写技术标准的一般内容和顺序。第7章
对本课题的研究成果进行了展望。
Logistics is not a proper industry, but an integration system of many other industries such as transportation, packaging, storage, load and unload/ conveying, circulation processing, distributing and information processing. The development of logistics is based on the traditional industry. Because the process of traditional logistics was dissevered artificially and could not join and harmonize very well, and the information of logistics could not be shared each other, the efficiency of logistics was low. The important approach to gain the optimal benefit and order of logistics system is logistics standardization.
Logistics standardization is the overwhelming key step that logistics development needs in our country. Establishing, emending and carrying out the logistics standard become the one of the most important task for the government to promote logistics development. Besides setting up the system of logistics standard, it is more necessary to carry out and fulfill logistics standard faithfully. In other words, it is needed to set up a reliable and assuring examination system of logistics standard. But the actuality of logistics standardization in our country is not satisfied, and the logistics standard system and the examination system of logistics standard are unformed. Therefore, the research on foundation of the examination system of logistics standard according to the situation of our country is significant.
Based on the investigation, research and analysis about lots of relative domestic and foreign information of logistics standardization and examination system of logistics standard, the author expounds the content, characteristic, procedure, requirement and condition of examination system of logistics standard in our country. This paper has 7 chapters. In chapter 1, the author set forth the background, purpose and significance of this research, and summarizes the conception of standardization, the development of logistics
standardization, and the main content of this paper. In chapter 2, based on the essential theory of classification and grading of standard, the author promotes the conception and meaning of logistics examination standard, and studies its property. In chapter 3, the author analyzes the relation between examination system of logistics standard and system of logistics examination standard, and promotes the characteristic that examination system of logistics standard should have; based on studies of the theory of standard system, the author puts forward the conception and meaning of system of logistics examination standard, and discusses the essential principle, requirement and qualification of establishment of system of logistics examination standard. In chapter 4, based on the real condition of our country and the analyses of three-dimensional drawing and circumstance of system of logistics examination standard, the author promotes the structure of examination system of logistics standard according to the structure of system of logistics standard. In chapter 5, the author discusses the conception, role, characteristic and authorized procedure of system table of logistics examination standard based on the structure of examination system of logistics standard. In chapter 6, the author studies the procedure of establishing, emending and carrying out logistics examination standard, and gives the common content and sequence of technique standard. The final part gives a prospect on the research fruit of this paper.
物流标准化是发展我国物流业必需的、势在必行的关键一步。制定、修订与贯彻物流标准就成了政府推动物流行业发展的首要任务之一。除了建立物流标准体系之外，更重要的是切实贯彻和落实物流标准，也就是说建立可靠的、有保障的物流标准检测体系。但是，我国目前的物流标准化工作现状并不令人满意，物流标准体系、物流标准检测体系尚未形成。因此，对建立符合我国国情的物流标准检测体系进行研究，具有现实意义。
本文作者在对国内、外有关物流标准化及物流标准检测体系的相关资料进行调查、研究和分析的基础上，从各方面阐述了建立我国物流标准检测体系的内容、特点、程序、要求和条件等。本文共分7章。第1章阐述了课题提出的背景、课题研究的目和意义，概述了标准化的概念和物流标准化发展状况，简述了课题研究的主要内容。第2章在有关标准的分级、分类基本理论的基础上，提出了物流检测标准的概念及涵义，并对其性质进行了研究。第3章分析了物流标准检测体系与物流检测标准体系的联系，提出了物流标准检测体系应具备的特性；在研究标准体系一般理论的基础上，提出了物流检测标准体系的概念及涵义，并分析了建立我国物流检测标准体系的基本原则、基本条件和基本要求。第4章在联系我国实际情况，并分析物流检测标准体系的三维空间图和实施环境的基础上，提出了与物流标准体系结构相适应的物流标准检测体系结构框架。第5章论述了在物流标准检测体系结构框架基础上建立的，物流检测标准体系表的概念、作用、特点及编制程序。第6章研究分析了物流检测标准的制定、修订和实
武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
施的程序及各自特点，并给出了编写技术标准的一般内容和顺序。第7章
对本课题的研究成果进行了展望。
Logistics is not a proper industry, but an integration system of many other industries such as transportation, packaging, storage, load and unload/ conveying, circulation processing, distributing and information processing. The development of logistics is based on the traditional industry. Because the process of traditional logistics was dissevered artificially and could not join and harmonize very well, and the information of logistics could not be shared each other, the efficiency of logistics was low. The important approach to gain the optimal benefit and order of logistics system is logistics standardization.
Logistics standardization is the overwhelming key step that logistics development needs in our country. Establishing, emending and carrying out the logistics standard become the one of the most important task for the government to promote logistics development. Besides setting up the system of logistics standard, it is more necessary to carry out and fulfill logistics standard faithfully. In other words, it is needed to set up a reliable and assuring examination system of logistics standard. But the actuality of logistics standardization in our country is not satisfied, and the logistics standard system and the examination system of logistics standard are unformed. Therefore, the research on foundation of the examination system of logistics standard according to the situation of our country is significant.
Based on the investigation, research and analysis about lots of relative domestic and foreign information of logistics standardization and examination system of logistics standard, the author expounds the content, characteristic, procedure, requirement and condition of examination system of logistics standard in our country. This paper has 7 chapters. In chapter 1, the author set forth the background, purpose and significance of this research, and summarizes the conception of standardization, the development of logistics
standardization, and the main content of this paper. In chapter 2, based on the essential theory of classification and grading of standard, the author promotes the conception and meaning of logistics examination standard, and studies its property. In chapter 3, the author analyzes the relation between examination system of logistics standard and system of logistics examination standard, and promotes the characteristic that examination system of logistics standard should have; based on studies of the theory of standard system, the author puts forward the conception and meaning of system of logistics examination standard, and discusses the essential principle, requirement and qualification of establishment of system of logistics examination standard. In chapter 4, based on the real condition of our country and the analyses of three-dimensional drawing and circumstance of system of logistics examination standard, the author promotes the structure of examination system of logistics standard according to the structure of system of logistics standard. In chapter 5, the author discusses the conception, role, characteristic and authorized procedure of system table of logistics examination standard based on the structure of examination system of logistics standard. In chapter 6, the author studies the procedure of establishing, emending and carrying out logistics examination standard, and gives the common content and sequence of technique standard. The final part gives a prospect on the research fruit of this paper.
引文
[1]．叶柏林、陈志田．标准化．北京 中国科学技术出版社 1989年
[2]．王立吉．计量学基础．北京 中国计量出版社 1997年
[3]．朱道立、龚国华、罗齐著．物流和供应链管理．上海 复旦大学出版社 2001年
[4]．李会太、张文杰．物流标准化：定义、实施与对策．中国标准化 2000年第12期
[5]．邵艳、兰洪杰．顺应发展建立我国现代物流标准体系．中国物资流通 2002年第1期
[6]．沈建民．给物流标准化号脉．http://business.sohu.com/
[7]．无以标准不成方圆—物流标准化现状分析以及建设对策．http://business.sohu.com/
[8]．物流标准化应当先行．http://business.sohu.com/
[9]．苗瑞、王东鹏、姚英学．基于ISO9000、ISO14000 绿色产品质量保证体系研究．计算机集成制造系统2002年第2期
[10]．库茨卡．J．H，米勒．A．C．、霍普曼．A．H．NEC和IEC标准体系中Ⅰ、1级和1区危险场所防护方法的对比分析．寇晓光、李梅兰译．
[11]．秦明森、王方智．实用物流技术．北京中国物资出版社1991年10月
[12]．易必海．完善计量检测体系提高企业经济效益．标准计量与质量2000年第5期
[13]．彭辉．与国际接轨“Fabrics China”标准及质量检测体系．纺织导报 2002年第4期
[14]．杨建国、梁平凡．贯彻质量体系标准完善计量检测体系．中国计量1999年第1期
[15]．朱文惠、姜义峰．计量检测体系确认与计量定升级的比较．计量与测试技术1998年第4期
[16]．王瑜平．实施ISO 9000系列标准和ISO 10012标准完善计量检测体系．中国标准化1998年第9期
[17]．李策毅、刘志诚．完善计量检测体系努力实现企业现代化．工业计量2000年增刊
[18]．吴永茂．完善计量检测体系提高企业产品质量．工业计量2000年增刊
[19]．杨卫明、孙奉禹、王文成．完善计量检测体系是企业发展的需要．中国计量1999年第4期
[20]．罗来仪、王智强．现代物流知识问答．北京对外经济贸易大学出版社2002年1月
[21]．何明珂．物流系统论．北京 中国审计出版社2001年8月
[22]．蔡希贤、夏士智．物流合理化的数量方法．武汉 华中工学院1985年3月
[23]．刘继忠．审计标准和审计标准体系．北京中国审计出版社1992年11月
[24]．李京文、徐寿波．物流学及其应用，北京经济科学出版社1987年12月
[25]．张铎．电子商务与物流．北京清华大学出版社2000年7月
[26]．朱道立、龚国华、罗齐．物流和供应链管理．上海复旦大学出版社2001年4月
[27]．许扬帆．物流信息化与物流流程重组．http://www.lnet.com.cn/default.htm
[28]．沈立．中国物流业的发展分析．《eNet硅谷动力》
[29]．Michiel R. Leaders、Haroid E.Fearon 著．采购与供应管理．张杰、张群译．北京 机械工业出版社2001年9月
[30]．黄福华、王威才．物流业面向21世纪的发展战略思考．商品储运与养护1999年第10期
[31]．董立．新经济时代的物流企业发展战略．中国流通经济 2001年第4期
[32]．张红军．电子商务环境下传统物流企业的前景和策略．铁道物资科学管理2001年第3期
[33]. D.A. Alekseev. Investigation of Parameters of a Logistic Function and Their Economic Interpretation. Cybernetics and systems analysis. 2001,36(2).p248-250
[34]. Coady, E; Grover, D; Parten, G. Logistic Support Analysis and the Strategic Defense System. Performer: Dynamics Research Corp., Arlington, VA. 1996. 9 p.
[35]. van der Laan, P; van Eeden, C. Subset Selection for Logistic Populations Using Loss Functions: Some Basic Probabilities. Performer: Technische Univ. Eindhoven (Netherlands). Dept. of Mathematics and Computing Science.; Quebec Univ., Montreal. Dept. of Mathematique.; British Columbia Univ., Vancouver. Dept. of Statistics. Jun 1997. 24p.
[36]. Babeliowsky, M. Designing Interorganizational Logistic Networks: A Simulation Based Interdisciplinary Approach. Performer: Technische Univ. Delft (Netherlands). 2 Apr 1997. 405p.
[37]. Teo, Chung Piaw; Ou, Jihong; Goh, Mark. Impact on inventory costs with consolidation of distribution centers. IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers) v 33 n 2 Feb 2001.
[38]. Erlebacher, Steven J; Meller, Russell D. Interaction of location and inventory in designing distribution systems. IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers) v 32 n 2 Feb 2000.
[39]. Margaris, A; Roumeliotis, M; Adamopoulos, M. Development of neural models for the logistic equation and study of the neural based trajectories in the convergence, periodic, and chaotic regions. NEURAL PARALLEL AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATIIONS; VOL 9; PART 3/4; pp. 221-230; 2001.
[40]. Krishnan, T; Nandy, SC. Efficiency of logistic-normal stochastic supervision. PATTERN RECOG., vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1275-1279, 1990.
[41]. Bodzek, Richard S. Logistic Support Analysis: An integrated approach to configuration management. ANNU FORUM PROC AM HELICOPTER SOC., AMERICAN
HELICOPTER SOC, ALEXANDRIA, VA (USA), 1992, vol. 1, pp. 309-312．
[42] .Bertazzi, Luca; Speranza, Maria Grazia. Minimizing logistic costs in multistage supply chains. Naval Research Logistics, vol.46,no. 4, pp.399-417, Jun 1999
[43] .Loaiciga, HA; Leipnik, RB. Aquifer Management with Logistic Recharge. WATER INTERNATIONAL; VOL 26; PART 3; pp. 358-369; 2001．
[2]．王立吉．计量学基础．北京 中国计量出版社 1997年
[3]．朱道立、龚国华、罗齐著．物流和供应链管理．上海 复旦大学出版社 2001年
[4]．李会太、张文杰．物流标准化：定义、实施与对策．中国标准化 2000年第12期
[5]．邵艳、兰洪杰．顺应发展建立我国现代物流标准体系．中国物资流通 2002年第1期
[6]．沈建民．给物流标准化号脉．http://business.sohu.com/
[7]．无以标准不成方圆—物流标准化现状分析以及建设对策．http://business.sohu.com/
[8]．物流标准化应当先行．http://business.sohu.com/
[9]．苗瑞、王东鹏、姚英学．基于ISO9000、ISO14000 绿色产品质量保证体系研究．计算机集成制造系统2002年第2期
[10]．库茨卡．J．H，米勒．A．C．、霍普曼．A．H．NEC和IEC标准体系中Ⅰ、1级和1区危险场所防护方法的对比分析．寇晓光、李梅兰译．
[11]．秦明森、王方智．实用物流技术．北京中国物资出版社1991年10月
[12]．易必海．完善计量检测体系提高企业经济效益．标准计量与质量2000年第5期
[13]．彭辉．与国际接轨“Fabrics China”标准及质量检测体系．纺织导报 2002年第4期
[14]．杨建国、梁平凡．贯彻质量体系标准完善计量检测体系．中国计量1999年第1期
[15]．朱文惠、姜义峰．计量检测体系确认与计量定升级的比较．计量与测试技术1998年第4期
[16]．王瑜平．实施ISO 9000系列标准和ISO 10012标准完善计量检测体系．中国标准化1998年第9期
[17]．李策毅、刘志诚．完善计量检测体系努力实现企业现代化．工业计量2000年增刊
[18]．吴永茂．完善计量检测体系提高企业产品质量．工业计量2000年增刊
[19]．杨卫明、孙奉禹、王文成．完善计量检测体系是企业发展的需要．中国计量1999年第4期
[20]．罗来仪、王智强．现代物流知识问答．北京对外经济贸易大学出版社2002年1月
[21]．何明珂．物流系统论．北京 中国审计出版社2001年8月
[22]．蔡希贤、夏士智．物流合理化的数量方法．武汉 华中工学院1985年3月
[23]．刘继忠．审计标准和审计标准体系．北京中国审计出版社1992年11月
[24]．李京文、徐寿波．物流学及其应用，北京经济科学出版社1987年12月
[25]．张铎．电子商务与物流．北京清华大学出版社2000年7月
[26]．朱道立、龚国华、罗齐．物流和供应链管理．上海复旦大学出版社2001年4月
[27]．许扬帆．物流信息化与物流流程重组．http://www.lnet.com.cn/default.htm
[28]．沈立．中国物流业的发展分析．《eNet硅谷动力》
[29]．Michiel R. Leaders、Haroid E.Fearon 著．采购与供应管理．张杰、张群译．北京 机械工业出版社2001年9月
[30]．黄福华、王威才．物流业面向21世纪的发展战略思考．商品储运与养护1999年第10期
[31]．董立．新经济时代的物流企业发展战略．中国流通经济 2001年第4期
[32]．张红军．电子商务环境下传统物流企业的前景和策略．铁道物资科学管理2001年第3期
[33]. D.A. Alekseev. Investigation of Parameters of a Logistic Function and Their Economic Interpretation. Cybernetics and systems analysis. 2001,36(2).p248-250
[34]. Coady, E; Grover, D; Parten, G. Logistic Support Analysis and the Strategic Defense System. Performer: Dynamics Research Corp., Arlington, VA. 1996. 9 p.
[35]. van der Laan, P; van Eeden, C. Subset Selection for Logistic Populations Using Loss Functions: Some Basic Probabilities. Performer: Technische Univ. Eindhoven (Netherlands). Dept. of Mathematics and Computing Science.; Quebec Univ., Montreal. Dept. of Mathematique.; British Columbia Univ., Vancouver. Dept. of Statistics. Jun 1997. 24p.
[36]. Babeliowsky, M. Designing Interorganizational Logistic Networks: A Simulation Based Interdisciplinary Approach. Performer: Technische Univ. Delft (Netherlands). 2 Apr 1997. 405p.
[37]. Teo, Chung Piaw; Ou, Jihong; Goh, Mark. Impact on inventory costs with consolidation of distribution centers. IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers) v 33 n 2 Feb 2001.
[38]. Erlebacher, Steven J; Meller, Russell D. Interaction of location and inventory in designing distribution systems. IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers) v 32 n 2 Feb 2000.
[39]. Margaris, A; Roumeliotis, M; Adamopoulos, M. Development of neural models for the logistic equation and study of the neural based trajectories in the convergence, periodic, and chaotic regions. NEURAL PARALLEL AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATIIONS; VOL 9; PART 3/4; pp. 221-230; 2001.
[40]. Krishnan, T; Nandy, SC. Efficiency of logistic-normal stochastic supervision. PATTERN RECOG., vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1275-1279, 1990.
[41]. Bodzek, Richard S. Logistic Support Analysis: An integrated approach to configuration management. ANNU FORUM PROC AM HELICOPTER SOC., AMERICAN
HELICOPTER SOC, ALEXANDRIA, VA (USA), 1992, vol. 1, pp. 309-312．
[42] .Bertazzi, Luca; Speranza, Maria Grazia. Minimizing logistic costs in multistage supply chains. Naval Research Logistics, vol.46,no. 4, pp.399-417, Jun 1999
[43] .Loaiciga, HA; Leipnik, RB. Aquifer Management with Logistic Recharge. WATER INTERNATIONAL; VOL 26; PART 3; pp. 358-369; 2001．