工作流技术及其在采购管理系统中的应用研究
|
摘要
工作流是在企业级计算中为业务过程建模和实现业务过程重组的软件技术。工作流的内容就是一系列相互衔接,自动进行的业务活动或任务。工作流管理系统是通过软件来定义、创建、管理和优化工作流执行的系统。工作流的目标是使企业中大量的任务和活动能够协调一致运行,能够在正确的时间将正确的信息传递给正确的人,从而完成正确的业务流程。工作流管理系统的应用,实现处理的自动化或部分自动化,可以加速企业内部商务和管理流程处理的速度,提高处理的效率。
本文首先介绍了工作流的基本概念及工作流技术的研究现状和发展趋势,引入了工作流管理联盟(Workflow Management Coalition,WfMC)所定义的工作流管理系统的参考模型。采用基于J2EE(Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition)技术的体系架构,用于解决系统结构和能力上的不足,能够支持异构、自治、分布的环境,支持分布式对象计算,从而整个工作流管理系统具有开放性、可移植性和可重构性。其次,对整个工作流管理系统进行总体设计,确定系统的主要功能和多层次的体系结构;分别探讨了其中的工作流模型、工作流引擎、工作流接口和功能界面等关键部分的设计,并着重对工作流模型和工作流引擎两部分进行了深入的研究。在以往工作流模型的基础上设计出了自己的工作流模型,并以EJB组件为基础构件,开发出一个轻量级的工作流引擎。在以上工作的基础上,结合信息系统的发展需要,使用面向对象的方法开发了基于J2EE技术和Web技术的工作流管理系统。
最后,针对目前制造业采购管理信息系统中,对采购业务流程变更缺乏柔性的问题,将本文设计开发的工作流管理系统应用于采购管理系统中,验证了所开发的工作流管理系统及其工作流引擎技术上的可行性,为有效地解决由于采购管理部门组织结构的变动或其他因素而引起的业务流程的变更,从而导致整个系统重新构建的问题提供一种参考技术解决方案。
Workflow is a type of technology which is used in operation modeling and realizating business processes re-engineering in the business calculation. The content of workflow is a serial of connection with each part, taking action of operation activity or mission automatically. Workflow manage system is a system that is designed to define, initiate, manage and optimize workflow by software. The goal of workflow is to make generous assignments and activities to coordinate well with one another and to send the correct information to the right person at exact time, which make sure to accomplish the correct operation flow. The application of workflow manage system can accelerate the internal business and management flow, rise the efficiency of dealing and realizing dispose automation or semiautomation.
Basic concept and research status quo of workflow has been first introduced in this paper, the author has provided the workflow reference model defined by Workflow Management Coalition, and has designed a workflow management system based on J2EE(Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition) and Web technologies according to the reference model and analysis of real business requirements by using object oriented method. A solution based on J2EE platform has been raised according to the reference model of workflow management system, aiming directly at the shortage of distributed workflow control system, such as the awkwardness in the aspect of workflow definition and the difficulty of the complex workflow definition and so on. Some key parts have been discussed, containing workflow model, workflow engine, workflow interface, and its functiona form. Focusing on the workflow model and the workflow engine, the author has made a detail research, has designed his own workflow model based on the former ones, has developed a EJB component-based lightweight workflow engine, and has introduced the structure and logic of the engine in detail note.
A practical process of procurement has been used as an example to test the workflow management system which has been redesigned and has been developed according to this paper. The desertation has impled the coordination and sharing of information and data of manufacturing enterprises' purchasing sector, and has promoted standardization, platform and automation of the purchasing management system. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference solution for modern manufacuring enterprises to achieve Business Process Reengineering, and enhance its operational efficiency.
本文首先介绍了工作流的基本概念及工作流技术的研究现状和发展趋势,引入了工作流管理联盟(Workflow Management Coalition,WfMC)所定义的工作流管理系统的参考模型。采用基于J2EE(Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition)技术的体系架构,用于解决系统结构和能力上的不足,能够支持异构、自治、分布的环境,支持分布式对象计算,从而整个工作流管理系统具有开放性、可移植性和可重构性。其次,对整个工作流管理系统进行总体设计,确定系统的主要功能和多层次的体系结构;分别探讨了其中的工作流模型、工作流引擎、工作流接口和功能界面等关键部分的设计,并着重对工作流模型和工作流引擎两部分进行了深入的研究。在以往工作流模型的基础上设计出了自己的工作流模型,并以EJB组件为基础构件,开发出一个轻量级的工作流引擎。在以上工作的基础上,结合信息系统的发展需要,使用面向对象的方法开发了基于J2EE技术和Web技术的工作流管理系统。
最后,针对目前制造业采购管理信息系统中,对采购业务流程变更缺乏柔性的问题,将本文设计开发的工作流管理系统应用于采购管理系统中,验证了所开发的工作流管理系统及其工作流引擎技术上的可行性,为有效地解决由于采购管理部门组织结构的变动或其他因素而引起的业务流程的变更,从而导致整个系统重新构建的问题提供一种参考技术解决方案。
Workflow is a type of technology which is used in operation modeling and realizating business processes re-engineering in the business calculation. The content of workflow is a serial of connection with each part, taking action of operation activity or mission automatically. Workflow manage system is a system that is designed to define, initiate, manage and optimize workflow by software. The goal of workflow is to make generous assignments and activities to coordinate well with one another and to send the correct information to the right person at exact time, which make sure to accomplish the correct operation flow. The application of workflow manage system can accelerate the internal business and management flow, rise the efficiency of dealing and realizing dispose automation or semiautomation.
Basic concept and research status quo of workflow has been first introduced in this paper, the author has provided the workflow reference model defined by Workflow Management Coalition, and has designed a workflow management system based on J2EE(Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition) and Web technologies according to the reference model and analysis of real business requirements by using object oriented method. A solution based on J2EE platform has been raised according to the reference model of workflow management system, aiming directly at the shortage of distributed workflow control system, such as the awkwardness in the aspect of workflow definition and the difficulty of the complex workflow definition and so on. Some key parts have been discussed, containing workflow model, workflow engine, workflow interface, and its functiona form. Focusing on the workflow model and the workflow engine, the author has made a detail research, has designed his own workflow model based on the former ones, has developed a EJB component-based lightweight workflow engine, and has introduced the structure and logic of the engine in detail note.
A practical process of procurement has been used as an example to test the workflow management system which has been redesigned and has been developed according to this paper. The desertation has impled the coordination and sharing of information and data of manufacturing enterprises' purchasing sector, and has promoted standardization, platform and automation of the purchasing management system. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference solution for modern manufacuring enterprises to achieve Business Process Reengineering, and enhance its operational efficiency.
引文
[1][荷兰]WilvanderAalst,Kees van Hee.工作流管理--模型、方法和系统.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[2]范玉顺.工作流管理技术基础.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社 施普林格出版社,2001
[3]陈禹六,李清,张锋.经营过程重构(BPR)与系统集成.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社施普林格出版社,2001
[4]尹帆.基于工作流的采购管理信息系统的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].湖北:武汉理工大学,2004
[5]赵峻波.智能工作流在电力调度两票系统中的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].河北:华北电力大学,2004
[6]何江斌.工作流管理系统研究及其在土地登记中的应用:[硕士学位论文].江苏:河海大学,2004
[7]Issam Chebbi,Schahram Dustdar,Samir Tara.The view-based approach to dynamic inter-organizational workflow cooperation.Data & Knowledge Engineering,2006(56):139-173
[8]Fabrizio Montesi,Claudio Guidi,Roberto Lucchi.JOLIE:a Java Orchestration Language Interpreter Engine.Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,2007(181):19-33
[9]左荣国,简斌,闫光荣等.基于Web服务的制造企业过程集成研究.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006。10:96-99
[10]采峰,曾凤章.业务流程管理(BPM)的集成性研究.生产力研究,2006,11(3):238-240
[11]黎民.业务流程管理综述.http://bIog.csdn.net/hongb0781202/arcbfive/2004/09/26/117271.aspx
[12]方少华.业务流程咨询.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[13]Hyerim Bae a,Minsoo Kim.Process based storing and reconstructing of XML form documents.Computers in Industry,2007(58):87-94
[14]Jae-Yoon Jung,Hoontae Kim,Suk-Ho Kang.Standards-based approaches to B2B workflow integration.Computers & Industrial Engineering,2006(51):321-334
[15]Jisoo Jung,Injum Choi,Minseok Song.An integration architecture for knowledge management systems and business process management systems.Computers in Industry,2007(58):21-34
[16]WfMC.Workflow Management Coalition White Paper-Events.1999,4
[17]WfMC.Workflow Standards and Associated Documents.1999,4
[18]徐瑞玉.工作流管理系统的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].四川:西南交通大学,2006
[19]蒋莹滢.工作流技术在房产信息系统中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文].江苏:东南大学,2004
[20]任军,李胜利.基于J2EE技术和工作流引擎构建B/S模式的文献资料管理系统.计算机系统应用,2005(7):57-60
[21]郝玉龙.J2EE编程技术.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社北京交通大学出版社,2005
[22]河建校.基于J2EE的嵌入式工作流引擎.微计算机信息,2006,22(7-2):28-30
[23]张洪山,股人昆,张素琴.基于Web的工作流引擎设计.计算机工程,2004,30(4):83-85
[24]鲁晓东,李育龙,杨健.JSP软件工程案例精解.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[25]龚涛.Oracle 9i JDeveloper开发指南.第一版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[26]Angela Yoehem,David Carlson,Tad Stephens.J2EE应用与BEA WebLogic Server.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[27]Oracle Corporation.Oracle BPEL Process Manager.2004
[28]Oracle Corporation.Oracle BPA Suite 10.1.3.3 Method.2007,5
[29]Oracle Corporation.Oracle Business Process Publisher Quick Start Guide.2007,7
[30]David HollingSworth,Fijitsu Services.The Workflow Reference Model 10 Years On.United Kingdom Chair,Technical Committee.295-312
[31]WfMC.Administrative functions.1999,4
[32]何清法,李国杰,焦丽梅等.基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎.计算机研究与发展,2005(10):82-85
[33]李伟,李青.基于J2EE的工作流管理系统框架研究与实现.微计算机信息,2004,20(8):97-99
[34]龚晓军,林兰芬.基于J2EE的工作流管理系统建模研究.计算机工程与设计,2006,27(5):771-776
[35]曹宝香,李天盟,王廷蔚.PDM中工作流的过程定义工具的设计和实现.计算机科学,2006,33(11):102-105
[36]李弘,张永进,汪亮.基于J2EE的工作流管理系统的研究.计算机应用研究,2006,(6):90-92
[37]范延平,曾建鹰.基于J2EE架构的工作流引擎的分析与设计.武汉大学学报.2005,30(12):1107-1110
[38]张健,胡成全,孙吉贵等.基于Web的轻量级工作流管理系统.计算机集成制造系统,2005。11(2):206-211
[39]王萍,朱少敏.基于嵌入式引擎的工作流管理系统研究与应用.现代计算机,2006,(239): 4-7
[40]聂云峰,夏斌,赵冠伟.WebGIS与工作流引擎集成模式研究.农机化研究,2006(10):58-61
[41]龚晓军,林兰芬.基于J2EE的工作流管理系统建模研究.计算机工程与设计,2006,27(5):771-776
[42]任洪涛,齐璇,柳军飞.MINI工作流管理系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与设计,2003,24(11):37-40
[43]倪小秋,季民,王光伟等.J2EE案例开发.第1版.北京:中国水利水电出版社出版社,2005
[44]WfMC.Applications Invocation Interface.1995,1
[45]WfMC.Workflow Management Application Programming Interface(Interface 2&3)Specification.1998,7
[46]WfMC.Workflow Client Application(Interface 2)Application Programming Interface Naming Conventions.1998,7
[47]WfMC.Interface1:Process Definition Interchange Q&A and Examples.1999,1
[48]Oracle Corporation.Oracle JDeveloper 10g Release 2(10.1.2)Documentation.http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/jdev.html
[49]Oracle Corporation.Oracle by Example Series:Oracle JDeveloper 10g Release 2.http://www.oracle.com/technology/obe/obe9051jdev/index.html
[50]王秀坤,张静,程文树.基于同步网的印刷生产工作流建模.计算机应用,2006,26(11):2742-2744
[51]罗如柏,周世生.印刷制造业中的工作流程管理技术.广东印刷,2006,5:19-21
[52]孙进平,蔡巍,刘成颖等.面向产品全生命周期的工艺流程管理系统的模型设计.制造技术与机床,2006(10):88-92
[2]范玉顺.工作流管理技术基础.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社 施普林格出版社,2001
[3]陈禹六,李清,张锋.经营过程重构(BPR)与系统集成.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社施普林格出版社,2001
[4]尹帆.基于工作流的采购管理信息系统的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].湖北:武汉理工大学,2004
[5]赵峻波.智能工作流在电力调度两票系统中的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].河北:华北电力大学,2004
[6]何江斌.工作流管理系统研究及其在土地登记中的应用:[硕士学位论文].江苏:河海大学,2004
[7]Issam Chebbi,Schahram Dustdar,Samir Tara.The view-based approach to dynamic inter-organizational workflow cooperation.Data & Knowledge Engineering,2006(56):139-173
[8]Fabrizio Montesi,Claudio Guidi,Roberto Lucchi.JOLIE:a Java Orchestration Language Interpreter Engine.Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,2007(181):19-33
[9]左荣国,简斌,闫光荣等.基于Web服务的制造企业过程集成研究.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006。10:96-99
[10]采峰,曾凤章.业务流程管理(BPM)的集成性研究.生产力研究,2006,11(3):238-240
[11]黎民.业务流程管理综述.http://bIog.csdn.net/hongb0781202/arcbfive/2004/09/26/117271.aspx
[12]方少华.业务流程咨询.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[13]Hyerim Bae a,Minsoo Kim.Process based storing and reconstructing of XML form documents.Computers in Industry,2007(58):87-94
[14]Jae-Yoon Jung,Hoontae Kim,Suk-Ho Kang.Standards-based approaches to B2B workflow integration.Computers & Industrial Engineering,2006(51):321-334
[15]Jisoo Jung,Injum Choi,Minseok Song.An integration architecture for knowledge management systems and business process management systems.Computers in Industry,2007(58):21-34
[16]WfMC.Workflow Management Coalition White Paper-Events.1999,4
[17]WfMC.Workflow Standards and Associated Documents.1999,4
[18]徐瑞玉.工作流管理系统的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].四川:西南交通大学,2006
[19]蒋莹滢.工作流技术在房产信息系统中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文].江苏:东南大学,2004
[20]任军,李胜利.基于J2EE技术和工作流引擎构建B/S模式的文献资料管理系统.计算机系统应用,2005(7):57-60
[21]郝玉龙.J2EE编程技术.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社北京交通大学出版社,2005
[22]河建校.基于J2EE的嵌入式工作流引擎.微计算机信息,2006,22(7-2):28-30
[23]张洪山,股人昆,张素琴.基于Web的工作流引擎设计.计算机工程,2004,30(4):83-85
[24]鲁晓东,李育龙,杨健.JSP软件工程案例精解.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[25]龚涛.Oracle 9i JDeveloper开发指南.第一版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[26]Angela Yoehem,David Carlson,Tad Stephens.J2EE应用与BEA WebLogic Server.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[27]Oracle Corporation.Oracle BPEL Process Manager.2004
[28]Oracle Corporation.Oracle BPA Suite 10.1.3.3 Method.2007,5
[29]Oracle Corporation.Oracle Business Process Publisher Quick Start Guide.2007,7
[30]David HollingSworth,Fijitsu Services.The Workflow Reference Model 10 Years On.United Kingdom Chair,Technical Committee.295-312
[31]WfMC.Administrative functions.1999,4
[32]何清法,李国杰,焦丽梅等.基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎.计算机研究与发展,2005(10):82-85
[33]李伟,李青.基于J2EE的工作流管理系统框架研究与实现.微计算机信息,2004,20(8):97-99
[34]龚晓军,林兰芬.基于J2EE的工作流管理系统建模研究.计算机工程与设计,2006,27(5):771-776
[35]曹宝香,李天盟,王廷蔚.PDM中工作流的过程定义工具的设计和实现.计算机科学,2006,33(11):102-105
[36]李弘,张永进,汪亮.基于J2EE的工作流管理系统的研究.计算机应用研究,2006,(6):90-92
[37]范延平,曾建鹰.基于J2EE架构的工作流引擎的分析与设计.武汉大学学报.2005,30(12):1107-1110
[38]张健,胡成全,孙吉贵等.基于Web的轻量级工作流管理系统.计算机集成制造系统,2005。11(2):206-211
[39]王萍,朱少敏.基于嵌入式引擎的工作流管理系统研究与应用.现代计算机,2006,(239): 4-7
[40]聂云峰,夏斌,赵冠伟.WebGIS与工作流引擎集成模式研究.农机化研究,2006(10):58-61
[41]龚晓军,林兰芬.基于J2EE的工作流管理系统建模研究.计算机工程与设计,2006,27(5):771-776
[42]任洪涛,齐璇,柳军飞.MINI工作流管理系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与设计,2003,24(11):37-40
[43]倪小秋,季民,王光伟等.J2EE案例开发.第1版.北京:中国水利水电出版社出版社,2005
[44]WfMC.Applications Invocation Interface.1995,1
[45]WfMC.Workflow Management Application Programming Interface(Interface 2&3)Specification.1998,7
[46]WfMC.Workflow Client Application(Interface 2)Application Programming Interface Naming Conventions.1998,7
[47]WfMC.Interface1:Process Definition Interchange Q&A and Examples.1999,1
[48]Oracle Corporation.Oracle JDeveloper 10g Release 2(10.1.2)Documentation.http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/jdev.html
[49]Oracle Corporation.Oracle by Example Series:Oracle JDeveloper 10g Release 2.http://www.oracle.com/technology/obe/obe9051jdev/index.html
[50]王秀坤,张静,程文树.基于同步网的印刷生产工作流建模.计算机应用,2006,26(11):2742-2744
[51]罗如柏,周世生.印刷制造业中的工作流程管理技术.广东印刷,2006,5:19-21
[52]孙进平,蔡巍,刘成颖等.面向产品全生命周期的工艺流程管理系统的模型设计.制造技术与机床,2006(10):88-92