采用小电抗接地的高压变压器中性点过电压的研究
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摘要
电力系统中性点接地方式是一个综合的技术问题,它与电网电压等级、电网结构、绝缘水平、供电可靠性、继电保护、电磁干扰、人身安全都有很大的关系。目前220kV系统采用的变压器中性点部分接地方式虽然可实现简单可靠的零序保护;断路器遮断容量不受单相接地电流的限制、对通讯干扰小,但是中性点过电压保护装置的选择十分困难,采取的避雷器加间隙保护的方法并不能对其进行可靠的保护。现在220kV系统变压器中性点过电压采用避雷器加间隙的保护方式,仍存在一些问题,需进一步研究更好的中性点接地方式。
220kV电网变压器中性点经小电抗接地方式,不但可以防止有效接地系统的失地现象发生,而且大大限制了流经主变压器短路电流,减小了对变压器的短路冲击,提高了变压器抗短路冲击能力。中性点经小电抗接地既可以具备部分中性点接地的所有优点,又可使部分中性点接地的致命缺点不复存在。本文研究了攀枝花电网220kV系统变压器中性点经小电抗接地后,变压器总零序阻抗及系统零序阻抗的变化,分析了接入小电抗对短路电流、零序保护和变压器中性点绝缘水平的影响,通过EMTP计算,证明变压器中性点经适当电抗值的小电抗接地可明显降低系统短路电流,降低变压器中性点绝缘水平,有利于零序保护的要求。提出经合适电抗值的小电抗接地时,中性点绝缘水平可选择35kV等级,且中性点用MOA即可满足过电压保护的要求。小电抗的取值范围建议在变压器零序阻抗的30%-40%左右。
The problem about neutral grounding mode of the electric power system is an integrated technical problem associated with power system reliability, insulation coordination, electromagnetic interference, and personnel safety. At present, Although partial neutral grounding in 220kV power system has several advantages such as simply and reliable zero sequence protection, circuit-breaker capability without the restriction of single-phase short-current and the light communication interference, it will take disadvantage in the choice of neutral protection equipments. Therefore, the protection method of surge arrester with protective gap cannot supply reliable protection in this model. This problem has not been solved correctly present.It is need that study better mode of neutral grounding.
In this paper, the zero-sequence-impedance changes of transformer and power system are discussed in the condition of grounding by reactor, and the effects of reactance on the short circuit, zero-sequence protection and the insulation level of the neutral point of transformer are also analyzed. By analyzing the simulation results of EMTP, such conclusions can be reached: grounding by appropriate reactance can reduce the magnitude of system short circuit current, degrade the insulation level of neutral point of transformer, and fit with the performance of the zero sequence protection. Based on the conclusions above, such views are brought forward in this paper: grounding by appropriate reactor can choose the insulation level of the neutral point of transformer in 63kV,and MOA can be used to protect the neutral point against the over-voltage. At last, the range of the reactance is recommended as about 30-40 percent of zero-sequence impedance of transformer.
220kV电网变压器中性点经小电抗接地方式,不但可以防止有效接地系统的失地现象发生,而且大大限制了流经主变压器短路电流,减小了对变压器的短路冲击,提高了变压器抗短路冲击能力。中性点经小电抗接地既可以具备部分中性点接地的所有优点,又可使部分中性点接地的致命缺点不复存在。本文研究了攀枝花电网220kV系统变压器中性点经小电抗接地后,变压器总零序阻抗及系统零序阻抗的变化,分析了接入小电抗对短路电流、零序保护和变压器中性点绝缘水平的影响,通过EMTP计算,证明变压器中性点经适当电抗值的小电抗接地可明显降低系统短路电流,降低变压器中性点绝缘水平,有利于零序保护的要求。提出经合适电抗值的小电抗接地时,中性点绝缘水平可选择35kV等级,且中性点用MOA即可满足过电压保护的要求。小电抗的取值范围建议在变压器零序阻抗的30%-40%左右。
The problem about neutral grounding mode of the electric power system is an integrated technical problem associated with power system reliability, insulation coordination, electromagnetic interference, and personnel safety. At present, Although partial neutral grounding in 220kV power system has several advantages such as simply and reliable zero sequence protection, circuit-breaker capability without the restriction of single-phase short-current and the light communication interference, it will take disadvantage in the choice of neutral protection equipments. Therefore, the protection method of surge arrester with protective gap cannot supply reliable protection in this model. This problem has not been solved correctly present.It is need that study better mode of neutral grounding.
In this paper, the zero-sequence-impedance changes of transformer and power system are discussed in the condition of grounding by reactor, and the effects of reactance on the short circuit, zero-sequence protection and the insulation level of the neutral point of transformer are also analyzed. By analyzing the simulation results of EMTP, such conclusions can be reached: grounding by appropriate reactance can reduce the magnitude of system short circuit current, degrade the insulation level of neutral point of transformer, and fit with the performance of the zero sequence protection. Based on the conclusions above, such views are brought forward in this paper: grounding by appropriate reactor can choose the insulation level of the neutral point of transformer in 63kV,and MOA can be used to protect the neutral point against the over-voltage. At last, the range of the reactance is recommended as about 30-40 percent of zero-sequence impedance of transformer.
引文
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